PURPOSE: To compare measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) obtained using Galilei(TM), Pentacam(R) (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and Lenstar(R) (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) and analyze the measurement agreements. METHODS: CCT and ACD were measured using Galilei(TM), Pentacam(R) and Lenstar(R) in 47 eyes of 25 healthy subjects. The measurements were compared among the 3 devices. RESULTS: The average CCT measurements using Galilei(TM), Pentacam(R) and Lenstar(R) were 552.6 +/- 29.41 microm, 543.9 +/- 30.50 microm and 537.5 +/- 30.26 microm, respectively. The measurements significantly correlated with each other (r > 0.9, p < 0.001), but were statistically significantly different (p < 0.001). The average ACD measurements using Galilei(TM), Pentacam(R) and Lenstar(R) were 3.23 +/- 0.360 mm, 3.22 +/- 0.403 mm and 3.19 +/- 0.367 mm, respectively. The measurements significantly correlated with each other (r > 0.9, p < 0.001), but were statistically significantly different (p = 0.034). The CCT 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei(TM) and Pentacam(R), Pentacam(R) and Lenstar(R) and Lenstar(R) and Galilei(TM) were 31.95 microm, 44.76 microm and 46.57 microm, respectively and 95% ACD LoA were 0.46 mm, 0.32 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CCT and ACD measured using the 3 devices were highly correlated with each other but the measurements were statistically different. Therefore, the measurements were not interchangeable and these differences should be considered in clinical use.
Anterior Chamber* ; Loa

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Loa ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Loa ; Outpatients

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of surgical therapy combined with the usage of metronidazole gel in the treatment of juvenile periodontitis by comparing clinical indices of flap operation along with application of metronidazole gel and flap operation only. Comparing clinical indices of the baseline, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery statistically, the results are as follows; 1. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). BOP increased 0.9% in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, decreased 4.7% (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 2. Pocket probing depth (PPD) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). PPD increased 0.1mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, no increase of the depth could be observed (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 3. Loss of attachment level(LOA) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). LOA increased 0.2mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, increased 0.3mm However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, flap operation was effective on the treatment of juvenile periodontitis. However, combined therapy of metronidazole gel could not give rise to any significant adjunctive effect on the treatment outcome.
Aggressive Periodontitis* ; Hemorrhage ; Loa ; Metronidazole* ; Treatment Outcome

This report deals with an imported case of calabar swelling suspective of loiasis, who had been in Nigeria, Africa for 2 years. This 33-year-old Korean technician was admitted to Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center, because of erythematous swellings on left hand and foot. His peripheral blood showed persistent eosinophilia (over 30 percent of WBC), increased IgE(1,000 unit/ml) and significantly high antifilarial antibody titer with enzyme immunoassay, although no microfilaria was detected on the peripheral blood films. Under the impression of Loa loa infection diethylcarbamazine was administered for a month. Four months later mobile swellings and eosinophilia disappeared, and anti-filarial antibody titers were normalized. It is assumed that the patient had suffered from Loa loa infection, which is the first report on loiasis in Korea.
parasitolgy-helminth-nematoda ; Loa loa ; loiasis ; case report ; Nigeria ; imported disease

PURPOSE: In the present study, the repeatability and reproducibility of the corneal power and astigmatism measurements using placido-based video keratography were evaluated and the agreement with other keratometers were compared. METHODS: This prospective study included 45 patients (45 eyes) scheduled to undergo cataract surgery between November 2015 and January 2016. Three sets of corneal power and astigmatism were measured using placido-based video keratometer (Keratograph® 5M), automatic keratometer (KR-8900®), manual keratometer (B×L manual keratometer®), Placido-scanning-slit keratometer (ORBscan II®), Scheimpflug keratometer (Pentacam®), and low coherence interferometry (Lenstar LS900®). Reliability of each device was analyzed using the coefficient of variation, standard deviation and intraclass correlation coefficient. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the interdevice comparison of mean absolute difference. The agreement between the devices was evaluated with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The mean corneal power, astigmatism and power vector analysis (J₀, J₄₅) were not significantly different among devices (p > 0.05). In the Bland-Altman plot analysis, the 95% LoA of corneal power, J₀, and J45 when comparing Keratograph® 5M with others ranged from -0.78 to 0.55 D, from -0.42 to 0.45 D, and from -0.39 to 0.47 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Keratograph® 5M showed good repeatability and reproducibility of corneal power and astigmatism measurements and was interchangeable with other keratometers.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract ; Corneal Topography* ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Loa ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of a new method for isometric back extensor strength measurement using a portable dynamometer. METHODS: A chair equipped with a small portable dynamometer was designed (Power Track II Commander Muscle Tester). A total of 15 men (mean age, 34.8±7.5 years) and 15 women (mean age, 33.1±5.5 years) with no current back problems or previous history of back surgery were recruited. Subjects were asked to push the back of the chair while seated, and their isometric back extensor strength was measured by the portable dynamometer. Test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For the validity assessment, isometric back extensor strength of all subjects was measured by a widely used physical performance evaluation instrument, BTE PrimusRS system. The limit of agreement (LoA) from the Bland-Altman plot was evaluated between two methods. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC=0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.91). The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated acceptable agreement between the two methods: the lower 95% LoA was −63.1 N and the upper 95% LoA was 61.1 N. CONCLUSION: This study shows that isometric back extensor strength measurement using a portable dynamometer has good reliability and validity.
Back Muscles ; Female ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Loa ; Male ; Methods* ; Muscle Strength Dynamometer ; Reproducibility of Results*

As our population ages and the rate of spine surgery continues to rise, the use epidural lysis of adhesions (LOA) has emerged as a popular treatment to treat spinal stenosis and failed back surgery syndrome. There is moderate evidence that percutaneous LOA is more effective than conventional ESI for both failed back surgery syndrome, spinal stenosis, and lumbar radiculopathy. For cervical HNP, cervical stenosis and mechanical pain not associated with nerve root involvement, the evidence is anecdotal. The benefits of LOA stem from a combination of factors to include the high volumes administered and the use of hypertonic saline. Hyaluronidase has been shown in most, but not all studies to improve treatment outcomes. Although infrequent, complications are more likely to occur after epidural LOA than after conventional epidural steroid injections.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; Loa ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

In tiis study, an expenmental model of glaucoma filtering surgery in rabblts was used to evaluate the effect of single intraoperative application of Mitomycin Full-thickness filtering surgery, posterior lip sclerectomy, was performed after application of 0.5mg/ml Mitomycin-soaked Week-Cel(TM) sponge for 5 minutes in one eye of 15 pigmented rabbits and was irrigated copiously with balanced salt solution(BSS(TM)). The same procedure was done in the contralateral eye as a control, using BSS(TM). In Mitomycin-treated group, the filtering blebs were more prominent with sparse vascular tissues and were maintained through postoperative 8 weeks or more. Histologically, there loas was amount of inflammatory reactions in Mitomycin-treated group. The fibroblastic activity and proliferations of the collagen were also suppessed markedly in Mitomycin-treated group. These results suggest that a single intraoperative application of Mitomycin can be used adjunctively to improve the success rate of glaucoma filtering surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma ; Lip ; Loa ; Mitomycin* ; Porifera ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE: The reliability of size measurements of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) phases made by different readers may be hampered due to transient, variable rim enhancement in arterial phase (AP) or portal venous phase (PVP) images. We aimed to assess the reliability of tumor size measurements in pre- and post-contrast scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study coordinator selected target lesions according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 guidelines in 44 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed NET liver metastases. Two blinded readers measured the longest diameters of target lesions on pre-contrast, AP, and PVP images twice with a 4-week interval. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots and 95% limit of agreement (LOA) calculations. RESULTS: Of the 79 target lesions (approximate mean size of 3 cm), 45 showed rim enhancement. Inter-observer agreement assessed based on LOA was highest in pre-contrast CT images (−6.1–5.7 mm), followed by PVP (−7.9–7.1 mm) and AP (−8.5–7.4 mm) images. Intra-observer agreement showed the same trend: −2.8–2.9 mm and −2.9–2.9 mm for readers 1 and 2, respectively, on pre-contrast CT, −2.8–2.9 mm and −3.0–3.2 mm, respectively, on PVP, and −3.2–4.2 mm and −3.4–3.2 mm, respectively, on AP images. Mean tumor diameters differed significantly among the phases in the following increasing order: pre-contrast CT, PVP, and AP images. CONCLUSION: There was better inter- and intra-observer agreement in size measurements of NET liver metastases on precontrast scans than on AP and PVP scans. Pre-contrast CT may be the optimal for measuring NET liver metastases if its accuracy is proven.
Humans ; Liver* ; Loa ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors* ; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors