Objective To develop an HPLC analytic method for determination of cyromazine residue in water.Methods Chromatographic column of YMC C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)was used,mobile phase was methanol+0.02 mol/L NH4Ac=15+85(V/V),flowing rate was 1.0 ml/min,DAD detection wavelength was 210 nm.Results Regression equation was y=243.8x-4.2,r=0.999 96.The minimal detectable concentration was 0.010 mg/L;the rate of recovery was 94%-100% and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0%.Conclusion The method is satisfactory in precision,accuracy and sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the concentration of cefdinir in rat plasma,and investigate its pharmacokinetics. METH-ODS:High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was adopted by using fused-silica capillary (75 μm,total length of 30 cm,effective length of 21.5 cm),buffer solution of 20 mmol/L citric acid,injection voltage of 10 kV for 10 s,separation voltage of -20 kV,and detection wavelength of 214 nm. 6 rats were intragastrically received cefdinir solution(20 mg/kg). 0.2 mL blood sample was taken from the tail vein before and 0.25,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,12,24 h after administration. BAPP 2.0 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetics parameters. RESULTS:The linear range of cedinir ranged 0.2-50 μg/mL(r=0.9997), lower limit of quantification was 0.2 μg/mL. The intra-day(n=6)and inter-day RSDs of(n=3)precision test were no more than 12.2%;RSD of stability test was no more than 9.10%(n=6);method recovery rate was 95.4%-114.3%(RSD=9.0%,n=6);matrix effect was 63.5%-70.2%(RSD=10.39%,n=6). The t1/2 of cefdinir in rats in vivo was(0.54±0.01)h,MRT was(1.90± 0.14)h,cmax was(32.92±0.81)μg/mL,tmax was(1.50±0.02)h,AUC0-24 h was(46.65±0.44)μg·h/mL and AUC0-∞was(46.83± 0.44)μg·h/mL. CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,accurate and simple,and can be used for the determination of cefdinir con-centration in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetics research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of anisodamine on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in swine ventricular myocardium after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.Methods The experiment was conducted on healthy pigs, and they were randomly divided into three groups, namely sham group, epinephrine group (control group) and anisodamine group (experimental group, animals were resuscitated combined with injection of 0.4 mg/kg of anisodamine), with 5 pigs in each group. Model of ventricular fibrillation was reproduced by alternating current challenge, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed 8 minutes after cardiac arrest. Left ventricular myocardium was harvested at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The expression and distribution of Cx43 were observed by immunofluorescence, Cx43 mRNA expression was assessed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein expressions of Cx43 and phosphorylation of Cx43 (p-Cx43) were analyzed by Western Blot.Results The positive expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle was distributed uniformly, mostly at the end-to-end linkage of myocardial cells, with a few side-to-side linkage in sham group. The positive expression of Cx43 in control group was significantly weaker than that in the sham group, and the signal intensity was significantly declined (4.35±2.10 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.01). The positive expression of Cx43 at the end-to-end linkage and side-to-side linkage was irregular in experimental group, and the signal intensity was obviously higher than that in the control group (7.91±2.54 vs. 4.35±2.10,P< 0.05), but it was significantly weaker than that in the sham group (7.91±2.54 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.05). For control group and experimental group, the Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower than those of the sham group [Cx43 mRNA (A value): 0.32±0.05, 0.32±0.03 vs. 0.48±0.07; Cx43 protein (A value): 0.43±0.03, 0.50±0.07 vs. 0.65±0.04, allP< 0.01], and there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group (allP> 0.05). The p-Cx43 protein expression of control group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (A value: 0.22±0.03 vs. 0.37±0.06,P< 0.01), and it was significantly higher in the experiment group than that in the control group (A value: 0.29±0.07 vs. 0.22±0.03, P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference with the sham group (P> 0.05). No significant difference in p-Cx43/Cx43 was found among sham, control, and experiment groups (0.57±0.09, 0.51±0.05, 0.58±0.06, all P> 0.05).ConclusionAnisodamine can improve the abnormal expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle of pigs with cardiac arrest, which may be related to the protection effect of anisodamine on cardiac conduction.

Objective To observe the effect of Jianpi Buxue Decoction on the protein expression of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and CD34 in C57BL/6 mice of lung cancer after chemotherapy, and to explore the improvement of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and myelosuppression treated with Jianpi Buxue Decoction. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with Lewis lung cancer cells in the armpit of left anterior limb after being fed for 7 days, and then were randomly divided into lung cancer group, model group, and high-, middle- and low-dose Chinese medicine groups. Model group and Chinese medicine groups were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) for one day. Lung cancer group and model group were given normal saline. Chinese medicine groups were administered with high-, middle- and low-dose of Jianpi Buxue Decoction (25, 12.6, 6.25 g/kg respectively) for 14 days. After the modeling, all of the mice were sacrificed, and then the brains and spleens were sampled. Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expression of NK1R and CD34. Results Compared with lung cancer group, the protein expression of cerebral NK1R and splenic CD34 in the model group was increased significantly ( P<0.01) . Compared with the model group, the protein expression of NK1R in mice brain tissues of high-, middle- and low- dose Jianpi Buxue Decoction groups was decreased significantly (P<0.01) , while the protein expression of CD34 in spleen tissues of middle-and low-dose Jiangpi Buxue Decoction groups was increased obviously ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Jianpi Buxue Decoction has an effect on down-regulating the protein expression of NK1R in brain tissues and on up-regulating the protein expression of CD34 in spleen tissues of C57BL/6 mice with lung cancer after chemotherapy, indicating that Jianpi Buxue Decoction probably can relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and can improve the myelosuppression after chemotherapy.

Objective To analyze the different spreading patterns and the prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma (NPAC).Methods The clinical and radiological data of 39 pathologically confirmed consecutive cases of NPAC were retrospectively reviewed.Results In the 1 1 patients with CT/MRI-detected cranial nerve (CN)involvement,there were ACC (n=7),CAC (n=2)and MEC (n=2)(P <0.05).Lymph node metastasis occurred in 40% of CAC,7.7% of ACC and 1 6.7% of MEC (P =0.035). Significant differences were observed in 5 year OS and DFS rates between patients with and without CT/MRI-detected CN involve-ment (P <0.001;P =0.001).In 1 9 patients with early stage disease (stageⅠ-Ⅱ),significant difference was observed in 5 year OS rate between the surgical treatment group and non-surgical treatment group (P =0.038),and the difference was not significant in DFS (P =0.056).Conclusion CT and MRI are valuable tools not only for discovering the different spreading patterns of NPAC, but also for its prognosis.

y of care,in an effort to build a better doctor-patient relationship.

The reasons why the relationships between doctors and patients hasn't advanced to a full and true harmonious stage in our country are multiple.From the legal point of view,the research on the important legal issues of doctor-patient relationship is deficient.The law regulating the relationship is hysteretic and even lacking.The system settling the doctor-patient conflict is distempered and imperfect.Both the doctors' and patients' legal knowledge and consciousness are inadequate.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the legal measures from the four aspects to construct a harmonious medical service system.

This paper analyzed medical dispute litigation from the view of game theory.The adoption of mediation strategy for both hospital and patient was the Pareto optimal of this model.The adoption of court decision for both hospital and patient was the Nash equilibrium and its overall benefit was the Pareto suboptimal of this model.The communication of patient's lawyer can prompt the reconciliation between hospital and patient.On the one hand,it let the hospital realize the responsibilities they should bear,on the other hand let patients be willing to make concessions on the basis of the original claims,and finally made the two sides reach a reconciliation agreement,thus to make conflict between hospital and patient end in litigation and the overall benefits maximize.

OBJECTIVE To monitor the distrubution and the change in drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract in patients with comprehensive intensive care to use the antibiotic properly in the clinics.METHODS All lower respiratory infection cases admited to the ICU in 2005-2006 were reviewed,and the distribution of pathogenic bactieria and their drug resistance profile were analyzed.RESULTS 89.3% pathogenic bacteria were Gram-negative ones,among them Pseudomonas aeruginosa(47.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(21.2%) were prevailed.Staphylococcus aureus(6.2%) was the most prominent Gram-positive bacteria,MRSA showed increasing trend.Fungi accounted for 5.8%.All pathogenic bacteria showed high resistance to the antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic bacteria and their resistance to the antibiotics are highly changed at ICU.Intensive observations from the clinicians are recommanded so as to make the antibiotics effective.