Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumor in skin cancers. Operation resection is used to treat stageⅠ/Ⅱmelanomas, but traditional operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy inflicts adverse effects on late-stage melanomas. StageⅢ/Ⅳmelanomas are some of the most ineffectively treated tumors with poor prognosis. As a cancer treatment, targeted immunotherapy in-hibits negative regulatory factors and enhances systemic anti-tumor immune effects. Radiotherapy not only kills tumor cells, but also en-hances systemic immune responses. Recent studies showed that targeted immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy can promote con-trol on local and distant tumors and prolong overall survival. The synergistic effects of these two therapies are superior to a single thera-py. This review summarized the progress on these research fields.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of neonatal re-spiratory distress syndrome. METHODS:108 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were randomly divided into control group and observation group,54 cases in each group. Control group were treated with conventional treatment,such as oxygen inha-lation,anti-infection and nutritional support,observation group was additionally treated with 30 mg/kg Ambroxol hydrochloride in-jection,ivgtt,qd,for continuous treatment of 4-6 d. Clinical efficacy,blood gas indexes [oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)],12,24 and 48 h after treatment remission time of clinical symptoms,hospitalization time, changes of X-ray film value,tidal volume(VT)and dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn)in 2 groups were compared,and the inci-dence of adverse reactions was observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was 94.44%,which was signifi-cantly higher than control group (51.58%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);there was no significant differ-ence in the blood gas indexes in observation group after 12 h(P>0.05),PaO2 was significantly higher than control group and Pa-CO2 was significantly lower than control group 24 and 48 h after treatment,there was significant difference between 2 groups(P<0.05). Remission time of cyanosis,dyspnea,lung moist rales and hospitalization time in observation group were shorter than con-trol group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). X-ray film value,Cdyn and VT levels in observation group were significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was 3.70%,which was significantly lower than control group(18.52%),the difference was statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ambroxol hydrochloride shows obvious efficacy in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,it can improve blood gas indexes and accelerate the recovery from disease,with good safety.

[Summary] Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation and active surveillance are the main treatments for localized prostate cancer. However, many patients are difficult to accept the psychological burden of active surveillance and the distress caused by potential side effects of radical therapy, including incontinence and erectile dysfunction, which make them limited. With the development of minimally invasive techniques, such as brachytherapy, cryoablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, photodynamic therapy, and irreversible electroporation, novel procedures are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of localized prostate cancer with their effective, minimally invasive, and safe advantages. This article mainly reviewed the above several minimally invasive treatment methods.

Objective To investigate the effect of Xuefuzhuyu granule combined Irbesartan in reversing the carotid vascular remodeling of essential hypertension(EH) patients. Methods 61 EH patients were enrolled in this study. 29 cases of EH were treated with Irbesartan, 32 cases were treated with Xuefuzhuyu granule and Irbesartan, and 28 normotensive subjects served as control. Color dopplor ultrasound were adopted to measure IMT and LD of carotid. Results After treated for 9～12 months, the IMT and IMT/LD in EH patietns treated by Xuefuzhuyu granule and Irbesartan significantly decreased than those in EH patients treated only by Irbesartan. Conclusion Xuefuzhuyu granule was beneficial to reversing the carotid vascular remodeling in EH patients.

Human swine influenza A (H1N1) is a highly transmissible infectious disease, which has spreaded globally and represented a continuous pandemic threat. The novel virus has predominantly affected the children and young adults. Clinical manifestations generally appear mild, but there are still many patients with severe complications leading to hospitalization. According to the current reports, the mortality in the early stages of the pandemic appears no more than seasonal influenza A . Children (especially less than 5years) are considered to be at higher risk of infection and complications. Pediatric patients with a underlying significant chronic disease such as chronic respiratory disease,cardiovascular disease and immunodeficiency disease, are at a higher risk of death. The neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are effective for prophylaxis and treatment. Effective vaccines are regarded to be crucial for the control of influenza pandemics. This review focuses on the epidemiological situation, clinical characteristics and management of human swine influenza A (H1N1), so as to provide practical advice for clinicians.

Objective To explore the risk factors of prognosis for children with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods Clinical data of 118 children with AKI, including the causes,clinical characteristics, laboratory features, renal pathological findings, treatment and outcome, were reviewed retrospectively. Association between risk factors and prognosis was analyzed. AKI was defined by the new classification criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network. Prognostic factors were determined by univariate methods and stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. Results One hundred and eighteen patients (83 male, 35 female) were enrolled in the study, who admitted in our department between January 1, 2005 and May 31, 2008. Median age at the time of AKI children was 7.5 years (range 1 day-14 years), among whom 28.0% (33 cases) was less than 3.0years, 17.8% (21 cases) between 3.0 and 7.0 years and 54.2% (64 cases) more than 7.0 years.Patients' AKI was classified according to the staging system as follows: 52.5% stage 1, 32.2%stage 2 and 15.3% stage 3. The common causes of AKI children were infectious and autoimmune diseases (39.8%), renal vascular disease (27.1%) and circulatory disturbance (11.9%). Hospital mortality was 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors for death were need for mechanical ventilation (OR=51.75, P＜0.01＝, sepsis/septic shock (OR=14.76, P＜0.01＝, severe acidosis (OR=11.38, P＜0,01＝, and white blood cells (WBC) count more than 20.0×109/L (OR=8.51, P＜0.01＝. Conclusion Infectious and autoimmune diseases, renal vascular disease and circulatory disturbance are the common causes of AKI children. The important risk factors of death in AKI children are need for mechanical ventilation, sepsis/septic shock, severe acidosis, and WBC count more than 20.0×109/L.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of heat sensitive moxibustion plus herbal hot compress for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods Ninety patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly allocated to a treatment and a control group, with 45 patients in each group. The treatment group was treated with heat sensitive moxibustion plus herbal hot compress, and the control group received ibuprofen (slow-release capsule) for three menstrual cycles. Results At the end of the first menstrual cycle, the total instant effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (95.6%vs. 82.2%;χ2=4.050, P<0.05);at the end of the third menstrual cycle, healing rate (66.7% vs. 35.6%; χ2=8.720, P<0.05), total effective rate (97.8%vs. 80.0%;χ2=7.200, P<0.05) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group;at 6 months follow-up, the relapse rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in the control group (6.7% vs. 43.8%; χ2=4.050, P<0.05). Conclusion Heat sensitive moxibustion plus herbal hot compress is a effective approach for primary dysmenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the regularity and characteristics of anaphylactoid reactions induced by Magnesium iso-glycyrrhizinate injection,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:27 ADR reports induced by Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection from Hunan Center for ADR Monitoring from Jan. 2014 to Mar. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. RE-SULTS:In the 27 cases,15 were male (55.56%) and 12 were female (44.44%),with percentage of 1.25∶1;ADR mainly oc-curred in patients with 41-60 years old(51.85%);involved organ/system were mainly skin and its appendages(35.85%)and sys-temic damage(26.42%),the main clinical manifestations were rash,itching,fever,chills,vomiting and dizziness;there were 7 severe ADR reports(25.92%),mainly showed chills,fever and other systemic symptoms;most ADR can be cured(40.74%)or relieved(55.56%)by related processing. CONCLUSIONS:There are no risk tips for severe allergic reactions in instruction,it is necessary to strengthen post-marketing surveillance and further improve the drug instructions to reduce the risk of severe ADR in-duced by Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection.

Objective To study the effects of angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 on the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer in SD rat model. Methods Dimethylbenzanthracine (9 mg) (DMBA),was implanted into the parenchyma of Sprague Dawley rat pancreas to induce pancreatic cancer. Rats with established pancreatic carcinoma were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 rats each) to receive every the other day for consecutive 13 weeks before sacrifice peritoneal cavity injection of: Normal saline (control),5-fluorouracil 30 mg?kg -1 (5-Fu group),SU5416 16 mg?kg -1 (SU5416 group),and both 5-Fu and SU5416(combined treatment group). Tumor weight,inhibition rates,intratumoral microvessel density (MVD),apoptotic index (AI) and metastasis were evaluated. Results Tumor weight was (1.15?0.21) g,(0.68?0.42) g,(0.31?0.11) g,(0.19?0.06) g respectively;the inhibition rate was 0,48%,80%,85% respectively;the intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was (12.3?3.2),(11.4?3.8),(2.1?1.5),(1.8?1.1) respectively;The apoptotic index (AI) was (2.64?1.86)%,(5.71?3.14)%,(13.21?4.26)%,(21.12?7.15)% respectively. Peritoneal metastasis was significantly less severe in 5-Fu group,SU5416 group and combined group than that in control group(83% versus 46%,25% and 0) ( P

Objective To investigate the effects of celastrol on the cell growth and apoptosis of human gallbladder cancer NOZ cells,and explore its potential molecular mechanism.Methods NOZ cell were cultured in vitro.And CCK-8 assay,Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method,cell cycle analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of celastrol on the growth and apoptosis of NOZ cells after being treated with drugs.The mitochondrial membrane potential and Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression level were determined by Rhodamine 123 and Western blot,respectively.Results Celastrol could inhibit NOZ cell growth,and the IC50 value was 5.3 μmol/L.Annexin-V/PI staining showed that cell apoptosis of NOZ cells were induced as the celastrol concentration increased,and the apoptosis ratio of control group was 4.4％,while the apoptosis rates of the test groups (2,5,10 p mol/L) were 7.4％,27.1％ and 43.4％,respectively.In addition,cell cycle analysis revealed that celastrol could induce G1-phase arrest.The G1-phase rate of control group was 25.6％,while the G1-phase rates of the test groups (2,5,10 μmol/L) were 36.5％,45.7％ and 92.5％,respectively.The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured after treatment with celastrol and the results indicated that the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased.Western Blot showed that the protein expression of Bax increased and Bcl-2 decreased in a time-dependent manner after treatment with celastrol.Conclusions Celastrol may inhibit cell proliferation of human gallbladder cancer NOZ cells and induce cell apoptosis partly by inducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.