BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely related to the high incident rate of diabetic heart failure. It is extremely significant to set up the successful dietetic cardiomyopathy model for the study on improving cardiac function.OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of high blood sugar on myocardium by setting up the model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Completely randomized design, randomized and controlled study,in which, the experimental animals were taken as the objects.SETTING: Department of endocrinology of a university.METHODS: In the experiment, 99 newly born Wistar male rats were employed, randomized into experiment group (75 rats) and the control group(24 rats). In the control group, abdominal injection was done with sodium citrate buffer and the single abdominal injection was done with strptozocin(STZ)90 mg/kg in the experiment group. Ten weeks later, the glucose tolerance was assayed to determine the set-up of diabetes model. The ultrastructure of myocardium of rats was tested under electronic microscope after being sacrificed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observer whether the myofibrillae and mitochondria of myocardiocytes alter or not in diabetic rats.RESULTS: In the experiment group, the fasting blood sugar[(8.87± 0.76)mmol/L] was slightly higher than that[ (5.88 ± 0. 45)mmol/L] in the control group, the blood sugar 2 hours after meal was remarkably higher than that in the control group and the glucose tolerance was abnormal. Under the electronic microscope, the myofibrillae presented focal degeneration and disarranged order of myofilament; mitochondria of myocardiocytes presented swelling and focal proliferation.CONCLUSION: This model is the satisfactory carrier for the study on diabetes Ⅱ and its myocardiopathy, which lays an experimental foundation for the study on cardiac function of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors of the occurrence of severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after scleral reattachment surgery. Methods A total of 4 031 eyes of 4 031 consecutive patients with reghmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and PVR (grade C1 or less), on whom the scleral buckling was performed, were retrospectively studied. Twenty-two clinical characteristics of the patients (including the ocular tension, condition of lens and vitreous, characteristics of retinal detachment, whether or not with choroidal detachment, et al) were recorded. In 4 031 patients, 2 660 were followed up for more than 3 months, and 72 (in PVR group) of the 2 660 patients underwent the second surgery (vitreoretinal surgery) because of the occurrence of postoperative severe PVR; in the other 2 588patients, 72 (72 eyes) with retinal reattachment for more than 3 months were selected randomly as the control. The data were analyzed in SPSS (10.0) software. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant risk factors for PVR were incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (P2 DD,P

Objective To improve the recognition of dermatomyositis (DM) complicated with intracranial neoplasma and to explore its pathogenesis aimed to collect the experience of diagnosis and treatment. Methods Twelve DM patients complicated with intracranial neoplasma were analysed and the literature of recent 23 years were reviewed. Results DM complicated with intracranial neoplasma was associated with the p53 genic mutation and it was rare because of blood-brain barrier and scanty of lymphocytes in brain tissue. Correct diagnosis depended on clinical manifestations and the computerized tomography or the magnetic resonance imaging of brain. Glucocorticoid was the first choice treatment.However, removal the neoplasma was necessary. Conclusion DM complicated with intracranial neoplasma is rare. Clinicians should make the diagnosis promptly and chosen the appropriate treatment.

Objective To explore the protective effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Eighteen 8-week-old SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 250 ～300 g were randomly divided into three groups (n =6 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R) and ozone oxidative preconditioning group (group O3 + I/R).In Group O3 + I/R,rats received five-day preconditioning treatments by intraperitoneal injection of ozone and oxygen mixed gases (ozone concentration 50 mg/L,1 mg · kg-1 · d-1),and then experienced the procedure of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by clamping the branches of hepatic artery and portal vein in the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 45 min,followed by 3-h reperfusion.After reperfusion,blood samples were taken from the aorta abdominalis for detecting serum aminotransferases (ALT & AST).These rats were executed and the hepatic tissue samples were collected for measuring hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level.Results Compared with group S,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were increased in group I/R and O3 + I/R;concentrations of hepatic SOD were decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in group I/R,but concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R.Compared with group IR,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were decreased,while concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ozone oxidative preconditioning could inhibit the lipid peroxidation to protect the rats against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the preparation of 131 I-nalepride and its characters in small animal in vivo ,and to evaluate the feasibility for its application in diagnosing neuropsychiatric disease .Methods s-5-(tributyltin)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) meth-yl]-2 ,3-dimethoxy-benzamide was used as the labeled precursor .The hydrogen peroxide method was adopted to label131 I-nalepride . The bio-distribution character test in ICR mice was performed .SD rats were performed the blocking experiment and the cerebral au-toradiography .Results The radiolabeled yield and radiochemical purity were over 95% .The results of the bio-distribution character test showed that the striatum had the highest uptake .The striatum to cerebellum uptake radio(ST/CB) reached 111 .87 at 4 h after injection and the maximum ST/CB value of 416 .97 at 12 h after injection .Regional brain autoradiography showed that the optical densities were significantly decreased from 7 .43 ± 0 .86 to 1 .07 ± 0 .18 after injection of 131 I-naleprid(P<0 .05) .These results indi-cated that 131 I-nalepride had specific binding to the dopamine D2 receptor .131 I-nalepride was rapidly uptaken by organs after injec-tion .The initial uptake in liver and kidney were higher and the % ID/g values were 14 .82 ± 3 .88 and 10 .28 ± 1 .65 receptively .The tracer was cleared out from the organ quite rapidly .Conclusion 131 I-nalepride has the high affinity and specificity to dopamine D2 receptor ,which could be used as the EPECT imaging agent of dopamine D2 receptors and as a tool drug to screen and evaluate the affinity of other antipsychotic agents to dopamine D2 receptors .

Objective To understand the eco-hydraulics characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea,the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The drainage method and settlement tube method were applied to measure B. straminea's den-sity and hydrostatic settling velocity respectively. Results The density of B. straminea was 1.04-1.16 g/cm3,and the average value was 1.08 g/cm3. The hydrostatic settling velocity was 2.32-12.92 cm/s. Conclusions The eco-hydraulics characteristics of B. straminea is different from Oncomelania hupensis,and more attention should be paid to the hydraulic measures for the con-trol of B. straminea.

Objective To explore the effect of remifentanil postconditioning on rats subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury and the relative mechanisms.Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into six groups (n=13): sham group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), naloxone group (group NAL), 5 μg·kg-1·min-1 remifentanil postconditioning group (group R1), 10 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R2) and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R3).Group IR was given 45 min ischemia in the left descending anterior (LAD), followed by a 24-h period of reperfusion.Groups R1, R2, R3 received 10 min of remifentanil infusion of 5, 10 and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1 after 35 min ischemia followed by a 24 h period of reperfusion.Group NAL was given injection of naloxone 0.1 mg/kg at the point of 25 min myocardial ischemia, after 10 min, then remifentanil 10 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 10 min.The myocardial infarct size and pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB level were measured.Results Compared with group S, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB and myocardial infarct size were markedly increased in groups IR, NAL, R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05), and pathologic injury of myocardial cells were augmented.In comparison with group IR, the indexes were decreased in groups R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil postconditioning could protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.The protection may be related to remifentanil activating the opioid receptors.There were ceiling effects of remifentanil postconditioning induced myocardial protection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the intraocular pressure during laparoscopic gastrectomy.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 34-64 yr,weighing 45-81 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 patients in each group using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).In group D,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min,followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.4 μg·kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery.In group C,normal saline 0.25 ml/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min,followed by continuous infusion of normal saline at 0.1 ml·kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery.Anesthesia was induced with propofol,sufentanil and rocuronium.After tracheal intubation,intermittent positive pressure ventilation was carried out.PET CO2 was maintained at 33-36 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane,propofol,cisatracurium and sufentanil.The pressure of carbon dioxide insufflation was maintained at 9-14 mmHg and airway pressure was maintained at 11-23 cmH2O.Intraocular pressure was measured at 5 min after intubation (T1),at 5,30 and 60 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2-4),and at 5,30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum (T5-6).Results Compared with the value at T1,intraocular pressure was significantly increased at T2-6 in group C,and intraocular pressure was increased at T3-5 in group D.Intraocular pressure was significantly lower at T3-5 in group D than in group C.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the intraocular pressure during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

To compare the performances of community family physicians in different patterns of chronic disease management.From June 2011 to April 2012,3 different models (A,B,C) of chronic disease management were employed for a total of 4972 patients.Statistics analyses were performed.The number of participants,session and average effective working time were different.In terms of standard management of hypertension,diabetic management rate and non on-site management rate,model C was superior to models A and B (P ＜ 0.01).And model A had the lowest rate of non on-site management (P ＜0.05).Though with each own advantage,three models are complementary.But model C reflects the residents' self-management concept of chronic disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation in the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery by comparing with blind intubation.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-75 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,scheduled for elective oral maxillofacial surgery,were randomly divided into blind intubation group (group B,n =20) and ultrasound group (group U,n =20) according to a random number table.Nasotracheal intubation was performed after routine topical analgesia and conscious sedation.The front end of catheter was adjusted to the aditus glottidis according to the sound of respiratory air,and tracheal intubation was placed when the strongest inspiratory phase appeared in group B.A linear array probe (frequency 7-15 MHz) was used,and the images of glottis expansion and wired catheter insertion were visualized in the thyroid cartilage window in U group.Before intubation and at 0,1,3 and 5 min after successful intubation,mean arterial pressure (MAP),HR and SpO2 were recorded.The development of responses to intubation was recorded during intubation.The successful intubation at first attempt,the number of intubation,intubation time,and postoperative complications such as sore throat or hoarseness were recorded.Results Compared with group B,the number of intubation was significantly reduced,intubation time was shortened,the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was increased,the failure rate of intubation and incidence of sore throat and hoarseness were decreased,and no significant changes were found in the parameters of hemodynamics and incidence of responses to intubation in group U.No intraoperative awareness of intubation occurred in patients.Conclusion Compared with blind intubation,ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation can raise the probability of successful intubation at first attempt,reduce the number of intubation,and shorten intubation time,and it is safe and convenient and provides significant value clinically for the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery.