Objective To explore the extent of information needs and influencing factors among breast cancer patients.Methods Choose patients by random with a questionnaire for malignant breast cancer patients(Chinese edition),and analyze the influencing factors in a multiple linear regression.Results The total extent of information needs among the patients is 65.615±20.854,with much stronger needs among those with younger age,higher income and/or suitable for surgery.Conclusion Information needs of the patients were found to depend on their various social attributes.Based on this founding,recommendations were made in terms of contents of information needs,care for vulnerable groups,and channels of information communication.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its characteristics among pregnant women in Hunan.Methods Data from information system of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV management in Hunan 2011-2015 was analyzed in the study (3 + 1 mode by year statistics).Results The total HIV-positive infection rate was 0.19‰ among pregnant women from 2011 to 2015 in Hunan.The rate of HIV infection showed upward trend by years (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of diagnosis of HIV positive cases intrapartum was 44.66％,showed declining trend by years (P ＜ 0.05).The 786 cases of HIV positive pregnant women were mainly the Han's,the age distribution of 20 to 35 years old,90.21％ of them were farmers or unemployed.A percentage (76.84％) of them had junior high school education level or lower 37.91％ of them were found in delivery or postpartum.A percentage (36.51％) of them accepted service in delivery or postpartum.A percentage (45.67％) of them was infected through sexual contact,46.82％ of them were infected by unknown ways.Conclusions The rate of HIV infection among pregnant women was increased by years in Hunan.It is suggested to strengthen health education among high-risk groups and high incidence areas,improve detection rate of early pregnant women,implement the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) measures to reduce the rate of mother to child transmission of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Objective: To establish multiple seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) according to the hand-foot-mouth disease incidence in Changsha, and to explore the feasibility of the multiple seasonal ARIMA in predicting the hand-foot-mouth disease incidence. Methods: EVIEWS 6.0 was used to establish multiple seasonal ARIMA according to the hand-foot-mouth disease incidence from May 2008 to August 2013 in Changsha, and the data of the hand-foot-mouth disease incidence from September 2013 to February 2014 were served as the examinedsamples of the multiple seasonal ARIMA, then the errors were compared between the forecasted incidence and the real value. Finally, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease from March 2014 to August 2014 was predicted by the model. Results: Atfer the data sequence was handled by smooth sequence, model identiifcation and model diagnosis, the multiple seasonal ARIMA (1, 0, 1)×(0, 1, 1)12 was established. The R2 value of the model iftting degree was 0.81, the root mean square prediction error was 8.29 and the mean absolute error was 5.83. Conclusion: hTe multiple seasonal ARIMA is a good prediction model, and the iftting degree is good. It can provide reference for the prevention and control work in hand-foot-mouth disease.

Objective Inquire into the function and mechanisms of Sanye Insect tea of lowering the blood pressure. Method The rat model of renal hypertension was replicated by aqueezing two kidneys (2K1C-RHR) to observe the blood pressure-lowering process of Sanye Insect tea on the change of the content of CGRP, analysis the change with the relation of the AngⅡ level, and compare with Liuwei Dihuang and Captopril Tablets. Result The blood pressure value of renal hypertension rats obviously increased, the blood plasma CGRP lowered and the level of AngⅡ increased. High and low dosages of Sanye Insect tea had this improvement of different degree. Conclusion Sanye Insect tea has the effect of lowering the blood pressure of 2K1C-RHR. Incressing the content of CGRP and regulating the level of Ang Ⅱ to make blood vessel extend is one of the function mechanism of Sanye Insect tea.

Medical workers are the main designers and participants of clinical trials.In this consideration,popularization of good clinical practice (GCP)knowledge among them can improve their execution of trials,standardize basic clinical trial requirements,protect legitimate rights and health/safety of the subjects,and make the trial results more reliable.These objectives,if accomplished,will upgrade the clinical trials competency of medical institutions in China,and encourage healthy growth of the medical and pharmaceutical industry.The paper probed into the occupation qualification system of clinical trial workers and their supervision mechanism,inclusion of GCP into the continuing education system.

Objective:To study immunological stimulation of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides(CpG-ODN) on human immune cells.Methods:CpG-ODN was co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) .The IFN-? and IFN-? in the supernatant were measured by ELISA;the reverse transcription PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of TLR9 mR NA in PBMC;MTT method was used to detect NK-mediated lytic activity of K562 cells.Results:CpG-ODN induced high amounts of IFN-? as well as IFN-? production;the lysis of K562 mediated by CpG-ODN 2216 stimulating NK cells was increased;the CpG-ODN could up-regulate the expression of TLR9 mRNA in PBMC. Conclusion: CpG-ODN 2216 can activate human immune reaction by increasing the production of IFN-? and IFN-?,the expression of TLR9 and NK cell lytic activity.

Objective To investigate the satisfaction of clinicians on clinical research associates (CRA)and its influencing factors,for the purpose of providing rationalized proposals on education of CRAs.Methods 141 clinicians were randomly sampled from tertiary hospital for questionnaire survey,using the 5-point Likert scale.The survey covers 4 levels,i.e.,the work attitude,professional knowledge and ability,communication skills,and project management capabilities,as well as 14 dimensions.Data processing and statistics were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software.The attribute characteristics of the investigation subjects were analyzed using x2 of the contingency table,along with analysis of its correlation with the general satisfaction on CRAs.Results The mean values of the 12 indicators range 2.28 to 3.75,with low satisfaction in general.Among these indicators,satisfaction of the service attitude of the CRA,and of their familiarity with the pilot program and CRF completion axe the highest,respectively,74.04％and 61.70％.Satisfaction of the rest 10 indicators falls below 50.00％.The chisquare analysis showed no association between satisfaction and gender,education,job titles.The satisfaction is different(P＜0.05)between those trained and those not,while there exists a significant differences(P＜0.01)between those participating in different number of tests.Conclusion Clinicians have a low satisfaction on CRAs.It is recommended to strengthen the training,establish a CRA occupation certification system,and to strengthen the clinicians' emphasis and competency of clinical trials.These actions will normalize the industry of clinical trials and improve the level of clinical trials in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the survival rate and life expectancy of patients with pneumoconiosis and influence factors in Changsha from 1956 to 2010. METHODS: A total of 3685 patients with pneumoconiosis were diagnosed and reported from 1956 to 2010 in Changsha. The fatality rate and life expectancy were analyzed by life table and the cause of death was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The death rate increased obviously with age. Age and accumulation death probability showed linearity (Ŷ=1.271+0.041X, r=0.989). The life expectancy was 60.12 years. The first cause of death was pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with pneumoconiosis. Ruling out the influence of pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, and lung source heart disease, the life expectancy of patients with pneumoconiosis averagely extended 0.83, 0.99, and 0.02 years. The death rate of pneumoconiosis-tuberculosis had significant difference with that of the pneumoconiosisnontuberculosis (P<0.01). Cox regression analysis revealed that the main risk factors for the survival of patients with pneumoconiosis included type of work (smashing worker), complication with tuberculosis, type of pneumoconiosis (silicosis). The death hazard ratio or relative risk caused by them was 1.927, 1.749, and 1.609, respectively. CONCLUSION Prevention of pneumoconiosis should focus on smashing workers in Changsha, while its the treatment primarily attaches importance to complication of tuberculosis and lung infection.
Adult ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the demand in breast cancer patients during hospitalization and the affective factors. METHODS: A self-developed " breast cancer patients demand questionnaire" was used in 115 breast cancer patients in hospital, and multiple linear regression was used to analysis of the impacts of each domains and total scores. RESULTS: The average score in domain of disease knowledge is highest, about 3.77. The total score,physiological score, social psychological need score in patients during operation are higher than those in patients during chemotherapy,the scores were 140.07, 31.82, 59.57 and 126.38, 28.87, 51.64,respectively. The total scores were effected by the type of pathology and education levels. In addition, the demands also were related with the type of surgery, treatment stage, family structure and family economic income. CONCLUSION The demand in breast cancer patients during hospitalization includes the disease knowledge, physiological, social psychological need. Different individualized intervention should be taken in the difference patients.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; psychology ; therapy ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the status quo of quantitative classification in Hunan Province catering industry, and to discuss the countermeasures in-depth. METHODS: According to relevant laws and regulations, and after referring to Daily supervision and quantitative scoring sheet and consulting experts, a checklist of key supervision indicators was made. The implementation of quantitative classification in 10 cities in Hunan Province was studied, and the status quo was analyzed. RESULTS: All the 390 catering units implemented quantitative classified management. The larger the catering enterprise, the higher level of quantitative classification. In addition to cafeterias, the smaller the catering units, the higher point of deduction, and snack bars and beverage stores were the highest. For those quantified and classified as C and D, the point of deduction was higher in the procurement and storage of raw materials, operation processing and other aspects. CONCLUSION The quantitative classification of Hunan Province has relatively wide coverage. There are hidden risks in food security in small catering units, snack bars, and beverage stores. The food hygienic condition of Hunan Province needs to be improved.
China ; Food Contamination ; prevention & control ; Food Microbiology ; Food Services ; organization & administration ; Foodborne Diseases ; prevention & control ; Hygiene ; Restaurants ; legislation & jurisprudence