The aim of this article is to explore the dual-system of German geriatric nursing, curriculum of geriatric nursing, concept of major and evaluation mode, which could provide references and reflection for national geriatric nursing development.

Objective To evaluate the influence of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)to the differentiation of helper T lymphocytes in chronic gastritis. Methods Eighty patients with chronic gastritis were included in this study. The serum antibody against CagA was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Patients were divided into CagA-positive group and CagA-negative group according to the results of ELISA. Pathologic changes in gastric mucus were respectively analyzed. In addition, the expressions of nuclear transcription factors in gastric mucus including TBX 21, GATA-3, FoxP3 and Rorγt were detected by PCR and Western blot assay. Results There were 52 patients in CagA-positive group and 28 patients in CagA-negative group. The gastric inflammation was more serious in CagA-positive group than that in CagA-snegative group. There was no significant difference in Hp density between two groups. The expressions of GATA-3 and FoxP3 were much higher, while the transcription and protein expression levels of TBX21 and Rorγt were significantly lower in CagA-positive group than those in CagA-negative group. Conclusion Although the inflammation in gastric mucus was more serious in CagA-positive patients, Hp can not be effectively eliminated,which may relate to the differentiation of Th0 into Th2/Treg cells.

Objective To establish the synthetic method of the substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),and investigate the assay method of sernm ACE. Methods The substrate was prepared by the use of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester in peptide synthesis,and serum ACE was determined by spectrophotometric assay using suhstrate. Results The substrate of furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine with purity of 99.5% was obtained.The K_m value for the substrate was 0.25 mmol/L,the normal reference interval for serum ACE activity was 46.7 U/L to 113.3 U/L,and the within-run and between-run coefficient of variation(CVs)ranged from 3.9 to 4.9%.The serum ACE activity in patients with squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while that in patients with lung small cell carcinoma was not significantly decreased(P>0.05). Conclusion The synthesized substrate could be reliably used as a marker for diagnosis of different lung cancers in clinics.

Objective To determine the roles of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) and its antibody in airway inflammatory response in asthmatic mice, and to promote maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in mouse airway. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into group A, B and C. The mice in group B and C were intraperitoneally injected with OVA for allergization while the mice in group A were intraperitoneally injected with PBS as the normal control. The mice in group B and C were treated by inhalation of non-specific IgG and TSLPR IgG respectively, before provocation of asthma using OVA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice in different groups were collected for cell differential counts and quantitative detection of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γand IL-10 levels by ELISA. Moreover, the pulmonary tissue specimens of the mice were collected for pathological examination, and the numbers and phenotypes of DCs from the local lymph nodes and pulmonary tissue were determined by flow cytometry. Results The levels of all the tested cytokines in the BALF from mice in group B and C were remarkably higher compared to those from mice in group A (P<0.01). However, both the IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the BALF from group C mice that pre-blocked with TSLPR IgG were lower than those from group B (P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas both the IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the BALF from group C mice were higher than those from group B (P<0.05, P<0.01). Furthermore, the numbers of total cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes in the BALF from group C mice were also lower than those from group B (P<0.01). A large number of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus, beaker cell proliferation and mucous secretion reinforcement could be found in the samples from group B mice, while slight inflammatory cell infiltration and beaker cell proliferation in the samples from group C mice. The numbers of DCs in mediastinal lymph node and the levels of I-Ad, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression of pulmonary DCs from group B mice were higher than those from group C mice (P<0.05). Conclusion TSLP/TSLPR have an effect on promoting asthma, which is closely relative to its regulation of DCs activation. And the interference of TSLPR antibody can decrease the effect of TSLP/TSLPR which indicating a potential of the antibody as a novel anti-asthma drug.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in anastrozole. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Welch Materials XB C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(35:65,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μL. RESULTS:Only one impurity(impurity A)was detected in anastrozole,the linear range was 0.1-1.6 μg/mL(r=0.9996);limit of quantitation was 0.1 μg/mL,limit of detection was 0.02 μg/mL;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 98.95%-105.29%(RSD%=1.78%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,and can be used for the determination of related substances in anastrozole.

Objective To explore how to improve the immunogenicity of short epitope peptides of triggering melanoma MART 1 specific CD8 +T cell responses Methods Therapeutic peptides based on the immunodominant MART 127 35, HIV Tat49 57CCP sequence and a tetanus toxoid universal Th epitope were designed and synthesized The immunological functions were studied in PBMCs from HLA A2 + melanoma patients Results The results demonstrated that the peptides could trigger vigorous MART 1 specific CD8 + CTL activities in vitro The function of peptide containing MART 127 35 and tetanus universal Th epitope was more vigorous than that of MART 127 35 peptide, and the immunogenicty of the peptides with HIV Tat49 57CCP sequence, MART 127 35 and tetanus universal Th epitope was the most vigorous Conclusion Linkage of HIV Tat49 57CCP sequence and a tetanus universal Th epitope could dramatically improve the immunogenictiy of the MART 127 35 epitope peptide

Objective To explore how to trigger an HLA Ⅰ restricted CD8 + T cell response to exogenously synthesized peptides in vitro . Methods A new panel of therapeutic peptides based on the immunodominant B and CTL epitopes of HBV PreS 2 region and HBcAg and the tetanus toxoid common T helper epitopes were synthesized by Merrifield solid phase peptide synthesis, and HLA A2 + human PBMCs were used to investigate the immunological properties of the mimetic peptides. Results The results demonstrated that the peptides could trigger vigorous CD8 + HBV specific CTL responses in vitro specifically and effectively. Conclusion The results reveal that T helper plus B epitopes designing with the introduction of short and flexible linker can remarkably improve the immunogenicity of short peptides and hence produce effective CTL responses in vitro .

Objective To investigate whether quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MR can predict final pathologic response in primary breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Methods Forty seven patients who were pathologically proved infiltrating ductal carcinoma with core needle puncture biopsy were examined before NAC and after 2 cycles of treatment and the quantitative parameters (Ktrans,Kep and Ve) were analyzed prospectively.Histological response is categorized as non-major histological response (NMHR) and major histological response (MHR).Quantitative parameter changes measured after 2 cycles of NAC were compared between MHR and NMHR using non parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test) and pretreatment parameters were compared using independent samples t tests.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the best predictor and cutoff value.Results Fifteen patients were grouped into MHR and 32 patients were NMHR.Pretreatment parameters(Ktrans,Kep and Ve) were(1.51 ±0.33) /min,(2.97 ± 1.06) /min and (0.55 ±0.16) in MHR and (1.53 ±0.40) /min,(2.82 ± 0.99) /min and (0.57 ± 0.20) in NMHR.There was no significant difference between the two groups (t values were-0.123,0.450 and-0.380,respectively,P ＞ 0.05).Changes inkinetic parameters(K,Kep and Ve) were-88.2％ (-96.0％ to 1.5％),-62.5％ (-94.3％ to -8.7％) and-57.0％(-82.1％ to 55.5％) in MHRand-8.1％(-88.5％ to 32.4％),-18.2％ (-62.1％ to 145.9％) and-4.7％ (-83.1％ to 95.7％) in NMHR.There were significant difference between the two groups (Z values were 4.359,4.359 and 3.332,respectively,P ＜ 0.01).The areas under ROC curve of AKtrans,AKep and Ktrans after 2 cycles of NAC were all 0.898.Sensitivity of the three parameters for predicting NMHR were 87.5％,90.6％ and 78.1％,and specificity were 86.7％,80.0％ and 93.3％,respectively.Conclusion Quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI can predict final pathologic response in primary breast cancers after 2 cycles of NAC.

AIM:To observe the effect of atorvastatin(ATV) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). METHODS: The rabbits were randomly divided into control group, ATV group, ATV+S-Methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT) group, SMT group. All rabbits were subjected to 40 min ischemia and 240 min reperfusion. The hemodynamic variables, CK-MB, LDH-1 and nitric oxide synthase were detected after reperfusion. RESULTS: LVDP and +dp/dtmax decreased by 24.6% and 35.3% respectively following ischemia-reperfusion. Pre-treated by ATV (10 mg?kg-1?d-1) for three days, LVDP and +dp/dtmax decreased by 21.7% and 41.3%, CK-MB and LDH-1 by 31.4% and 19.1% and iNOS increased to 102.6%. The reduction of LVDP and +dp/dtmax, CK-MB, LDH-1 and iNOS in ATV+SMT group was no statistically significant with those in control group. CONCLUSION: ATV pretreatment protected myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating iNOS.

In this study, calcium phosphate cements (CPC) were prepared by mixing cement powders of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) with a cement liquid of phosphate acid saline solution. Tetracycline (TTC)-CPC, chitosan-CPC and chitosan-TTC-CPC were investigated with different premixed schedule. It was demonstrate that both TTC and chitosan worked on the phase transition and crystal characteristics. TTCP mixed with phosphate acid saline solution had similar features of Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) no matter it was mixed with chitosan or TTC or both. TTC premixed with cement liquid or powder had significant different features of FT-IR and 876 cm(-1) seemed to be a special peak for TTC when TTC was premixed with cement liquid. This was also supported by XRD analysis, which showed that TTC premixed with cement liquid improved phase transition of TTCP to OCP. Chitosan, as organic additive, regulates the regular crystal formation and inhibits the phase transition of TTCP to OCP, except when it is mingled with cement liquid premixed with TTC in field scanning electron microscope. It was concluded that the premixed schedule influences the crystal formation and phase transition, which may be associated with its biocompatibility and bioactivities in vivo.