Metastatic tumors to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are far less common than primary cancer in this location. The digestive system malignant tumor metastasis to the nose is rarer. The clinical presentation of metastases is similar to that of primary tumors and common symptoms include recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction and facial pain. Metastases to the nose and paranasal sinuses usually respond poorly to treatment and have a poor prognosis.
Carcinoma ; pathology ; Digestive System ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nose Neoplasms ; secondary ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; secondary ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

In this paper, the Fourier transform based minimum mean square error (FT-based MMSE) method is used to calculate the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging, and the method is improved to handle the existing noise in the imaging process. In the experiments with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 50 dB, the rCBV values were compared with the results using MMSE method. The effects of different SNRs on the estimation of rCBV were analyzed. The experimental results showed that MMSE was a simple way to filter the measurement noise, and could calculate rCBV accurately. Compared with other existing methods, the present method is not sensitive to environment, and furthermore, it is suitable to deal with the perfusion images acquired from the environment with larger SNR.
Blood Volume ; Brain ; blood supply ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Objective To develop new methods to cultivate, retrieve and purify mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). Methods Bone marrow was collected from 2-month-old Kunming mice by flushing femurs and tibias with complete medium of DMEM-LG. Cells were plated in a Petri dish. After 24 hours, non-adherent cells were removed by two to three washes with PBS, adherent cells were further cultured in complete medium and retrieved by trypsinisation with 0.25% trypsin for 5 min at 37 ℃. The treated adherent cells were cultivated with 3?dilution for further generations. CD11b-negative cells were retrieved from the collected adherent cells of 3rd generation by using immunomagnetic microbeads, and continued to be cultured in complete medium. After the cultured cells were retrieved, their morphology and their ability of osteoblastic differentiation and adipocytic differentiation were examined. Results Most of mMSCs from 1st generation were of shuttle shape, some of irregular shape. After treatment with magnetic microbeads and several generations, mMSCs were of spindle, star and irregular shape. These cells were of rich cytoplasma, clear nucleolus, and grew in parallel or vortex. The cultured adherent cells from the first and subsequent generations had plenty of CD11b-positive blooding-making cells. After 20-day osteoblastic induction, mMSCs differentiated into bone cells, which showed orange phosphate in extracellular matrix by Alizarin red S staining. mMSCs could differentiate into lipocytes. The size of cells increased along with fat-developing induction period. These cells showed many orange fatty follicles with O Red Oil dyeing. Conclusion Pure mMSCs can not be retrieved by either adhering method or generation cultivation method separately. The combined methods of adhering, immunomagnetic microbeads, and serial subcultivation is effective in vitro in retrieve mMSCs.

Objective To observe liver functional lesion caused by combination chemotherapy containing or not containing oxaliplatin. Methods Data from 42 patients with liver functional lesion caused by chemotherapy between March 2005 and October 2007 were analyzed. All patients were diagnosed through histology or cytology detection and received chemotherapy only. Different drugs were. admitted,based on different tumors. Before chemotherapy, each patient had normal liver function without liver lesions such as liver metastasis, Hepatitis B and C, hepatic cirrhosis, etc. Furthermore, 22 received FOLFOX-4 in containing oxaliplatin group while the remaining 20 received chemotherapy excluding oxaliplatin. When liver functional lesion without the influence of any liver protectant was first observed, ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, ALP, GGT and the WHO criteria of liver toxicity were analyzed. T test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for data analysis. Results All together 90 cycles, median 2.14 cycles, were given. According to WHO criteria of liver toxicity, 13 cases were in grade O, 21 in grade Ⅰ, 7 in grade Ⅱ, and 1 in grade Ⅲ. ALT and AST were significantly high after chemotherapy(P <0.05). Moreover, ALT and AST were significantly higher in containing oxaliplatin group than non oxaliplatin group after chemotherapy(P <0.05). Chemotherapy had no influence on bilirubin. The population distribution of accumulative chemotherapy cycles and WHO criteria of liver toxicity was similar between two groups. Conclusion Before the intervention of liver protectant, combination chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin is more likely to have liver functional lesion than other chemotherapy without oxaliplatin. It mainly presents an increase in transaminase.

Objective To investigate the correlations of FcεRI-βgene polymorphisms with clinical manifestation and prognosis inwheezing infants. Methods One hundred and forty-six wheezing infants were recruited and divided into two groups by FcεRI-βdetection using Fluorescent quantitative PCR: Risk genotype group (n = 41) or normal genotype group (n = 105). The genotype distributions,clinical manifestation and asthma,and morbidity were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results FcεR1 E237G AG/GG was more serious than FcεR1 AA in wheezing infants. (χ2 = 14.202; P = 0.003). No significant differences were found in AS morbidity between the two groups after two years follow-up (χ2 = 2.25;P = 0.13). Conclusion FcεRI-βgene polymorphisms are strongly related with infantile wheezing. Th risk genotype may be the severity of asthma but may not be the major influencing factor of asthma.

AIM: The aim of this work is to investigate the protective effects of Ginsenoside Rb 1(Rb 1) on apoptosis induced by hypoxia /hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: Apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry; Morphological changes and neuronal necrosis were examined under microscope; The leakage of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and the product of nitric oxide(NO) were measured. RESULTS: hypoxia /hypoglycemia cultures for 5 h and reoxygenation induced neuronal apoptosis and necrosis,and significantly increased the leakage of LDH and the product of NO. The effects were enhanced with the extending time of reoxygenation. Rb 1 could significantly decrease the percentage of neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, and reduce the leakage of LDH and the product of NO. CONCLUSION: Rb 1 had an effect of anti-neuronal apoptosis. This effect might be related to the inhibition of the activity of NO synthase and NO production.

Objective To study the impact of ultrasound contrast agent with different doses or imaging modes on rabbit spermatogenic cell in the diagnosis of radiation dose.Methods Thirty-three New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups.In group Ⅰ ,three minutes gray scale ultrasound radiation was performed for three rabbits.In group Ⅱ, SonoVue was bolus injected from ear vein for eighteen rabbits.The rabbits in this group were divided into 6 sub-group according to different doses and different sampling times, the single injections of SonoVue with dosage of 0.1 ml/kg(A1, A2) or 1 ml/kg (C1 ,C2) and repeated injections with dosage of 0.1 ml/kg interval 15 min (B1 ,B2) were taken.In group Ⅲ ,twelve rabbits were bolus injected with SonoVue and then the agent bubbles were blasted when the SonoVue suffused the whole testis.The rabbits in this group were divided into 4 sub-groups according to different doses and different sampling times, and the dosages of SonoVue were 0.1 ml/kg(D1, D2) and 1 ml/kg(E1,E2).Testis were drew immediately or 24 hours later for the observation under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results Apoptotic cells in group Ⅲ were more than those in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( P ＜0.05) ,while no significant difference of the total number of apoptotic cells between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( P ＞0.05).The appearances of focal ultra-structural damage were observed by transmission electron microscope in group C1, such as intercellular space widening and mitochondria swelling, and no distinct damage were observed in the other groups.The appearances of intercellular space widening, mitochondria swelling and cellular edema were observed by transmission electron microscope in group Ⅲ, and spotty necrosisetc was also observed in group D1 and E1.Conclusions Large dose of contrast agent could cause germ cells slight instantaneous effects, while conventional dose had no effect.Contrast agent blasting may cause germ cells unrecoverable damage.

Objective:To investigate the role of C3a,C5a and their receptors in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods:A total of twenty-eight 6-8 weeks old female BALB/c mice were investigated.And they were negative control group , WT group,C3aR-/-group,C5aR-/-group(the latter three groups were named as experimental groups ),seven mice in each group.All the mice were infected through respiratory tract with infectious SV (experimental groups) or PBS(negative control group),combined with tail vein challenge to make IgAN animal model.Testing 24 h total urinary protein , serum urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine ( Cr ) , using direct immunofluorescence to test the renal deposition of IgA and C 3,observing renal pathologic lesion under PAS staining with light microscopy.RT-qPCR was used to test the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1.Results: After 15 weeks,the level of UTP in experimental group was significantly higher than negative control group ,and the same results as WT group than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.There was no significant difference among groups for BUN and Cr.Combined with negative control group , experimental groups had significant renal pathological lesions , and the changes of WT group was more severe than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.The results of relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 was the same as the level of 24 h UTP,at the same time,the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 in C3aR-/-group was significantly less than C5aR-/-group.Conclusion:The deficiency of C3a/C5a receptors can protect kidney from injury in IgAN ,and C3a receptor has more significant role in protect kidney from injury in IgAN.

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA).Methods Preoperative sonography in 32 SA,99 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),51 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and 64 fibroadenoma(FA) confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average age of SA group was younger than IDC and DCIS groups',but older than FA group's (P ＜0.05).The focal maximum diameter of SA group was the smallest among all(P ＜0.05).All the SA sonograms showed solid hypoechoic lesions,with spiculate margin was less than IDC group and larger than DCIS and FA groups (P ＜0.05).Similar ultrasonic characteristics,such as irregular shape,unclear border,acoustic halos were seen in SA and DCIS groups (P ＞0.05),while IDC group showed the highest rate and FA group had the least(P ＜0.05).SA masses' uneven internal echo,calcification,posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than FA group(P ＜0.05),but less than IDC and DCIS groups(P ＞0.05).Meanwhile,A/T ratios(≥0.7) were higher than DCIS and FA groups,but less than IDC group(P ＞0.05).In addition,SA group had a similar detection rate of the internal blood flow with FA group(P ＞0.05),but less than the IDC and DCIS groups(P ＜0.05).Conelusions Ultrasonography has a significant clinical value in diagnosis and differential breast sclerosing adenosis.

AIM: To study the effect of Jiunaoning Injection on apoptosis and the changes in cytosolic calcium induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: The apoptosis and the changes in cytosolic calcium were induced by hypoxia and hypoglycemia .Apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry(FCM), and cytosolic calcium was determined by Fluo-3 fluorometry. RESULTS: The hypoxia/hypoglycemia induced apoptosis and increased the cytosolic calcium in SH-SY5Y cells. Jiunaoning Injection inhibited the apoptosis of the SH-SY5Y cells and decreased the concentration of cytosolic free calcium. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia/hypoglycemia induced apoptosis and increase in cytosolic free calcium in SH-SY5Y cells, which were significantly inhibited by Jiunaoning Injection.