Objective To construct an expression vector containing esp1 in order to investigate the effects on the chromatid separation. Methods A conditional plasmid vector containing esp1 was constructed, and was transfected into spc cells. The expression level of esp1 was detected by fluorescence microscopy, and the chromosomes were observed. Results EGFP-N1-esp1 was expressed in spc cells, and improper chromosome segregation was reduced. The plasmid of pTRE-d2EGFP-esp1 was constructed successfully. Conclusion Up-regulation of esp1 has inhibitory effects on the abnormal chromatid separation of tumors and may be potential in the treatment of cancer.

AIM and METHODS: A study of radioimmunoimaging was carried out on Kcnming mice - uterine cervical cancer (U14) using 99mTc labeled monoclonal Au14-1 with a modified Schwartaz method. RESULTS: The bio - distribution showed that radioactivity accumulated in tumor tissue at 12h after 99mTc - Au14- 1 injection in tail vein. The uptake by tumor was 4. 12 % ID/g at 2h and 8. 79 % ID/g at 24h respectively. The tumor/non - tumor (T/NT) radiocativity ratios for organs except kidneys were ranged from 2.02 to 6.71 at 24h post - injection. The image of tumor showed at 12h and clearer at 24h after injection. CONCLUSION: The quality of tumor image was relevant to the T/NT radioactivity ratios. It was demonstrated that 99mTc- Au14-1 has a good capability of localization for tumor.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Abnormality of autophagy is related to many human diseases, which provides a new clue to the pathophysiology of human cancer. However, the role of autophagy in normal liver physiology and the pathogenesis of liver diseases need to be further clarified. This article reviews the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the molecular mechanisms.

Objective: To detect the altered levels of miR-422a in serum of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and explore its clinical value as diagnostic and prognostic indicator for TBI. Methods: Serum miR-422a levels were determined by TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 75 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients, 75 severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients and 75 healthy controls. The differences of serum miR-422a levels were compared between the TBI patients with and without lesions on head CT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of miR-422a for mTBI and sTBI patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the levels of miR-422a and the severity and prognosis of TBI patients. Results: Compared with healthy controls [(31.1×10 -5 (18×10 -5 , 51.5×10 -5 )］, the serum miR-422a level was significantly increased in both the patients of mTBI 81.6×10 -5 (51.2×10 -5 , 131.1×10 -5 ) (Z=-6.647, P＜0.001)］and sTBI [132.5×10 -5 (51.5×10 -5 , 240.5×10 -5 ) (Z=-7.345, P＜0.001)］. The serum miR-422a level of sTBI patients was significantly higher than that of mTBI patients (Z=-2.573, P=0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC ROC ) of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from TBI patients was 0.831 (95%CI: 0.776 to 0.886, P＜0.001). The AUC ROC of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from mTBI patients was 0.814 (95%CI: 0.744 to 0.885, P＜0.001). The AUC ROC of miR-422a for distinguishing healthy controls from sTBI patients was 0.847 (95%CI: 0.785 to 0.910, P＜0.001). miR-422a level of the TBI patients with lesions on head CT were significantly increased compared with that without lesions on head CT (P=0.025). In addition, the level of miR-422a in TBI patients with unfavorable outcome was significantly higher than that in TBI patients with favorable outcome (P=0.031). Spearman correlations analysis showed that the level of the miR-422a was significantly negatively correlated with GCS score (Glasgow coma scale) (r=-0.231, P=0.004) and GOS score (Glasgow outcome scale) (r=-0.208, P=0.011). Conclusion The level of serum miR-422a in TBI patients was significantly increased and related to the condition and prognosis of TBI patients. Serum miR-422a may be a potential biomarker for the assessment of diagnosis and prognosis of TBI patients.

Objective:To identify prognosis factors in patients with resected Merkel cell carcinoma and construct a nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year overall survival.Methods:A total of 1271 patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. According to the ratio of 70:30, patients were randomly divided into training cohort ( n=891) and validation cohort ( n=380) . Cox regression model was fitted with R software, thus the prognostic factors for 3- and 5-year overall survival were confirmed and a nomogram to predict overall survival was established. C-index was used to evaluate model discrimination and the calibration plot was used to evaluate model accuracy.The predictive power of the model was compared with the eighth TNM staging system. Results:Multivariable cox analysis indicated age, sex, tumor size, N stage, M stage, marital status and radiation therapy were associated with overall survival. The above predictors were employed to build a new nomogram, and we found that the new predictive model was better at predicting 3- and 5- year overall survival than the latest TNM staging system. The C-index of the training cohort using the new model for survival prediction was 0.72, and the C-index of the training cohort using TNM staging system was only 0.64. The C-index of the validation cohort using the new model for survival prediction was 0.73, while the C-index of the validation cohort using TNM staging system was 0.63. The nomogram also displayed a good calibration.Conclusions:The new predictive model with comprehensive prognostic factors is superior to the 8th TNM staging system in predicting overall survival of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. This new model can help doctors to predict the prognosis of each patient more accurately, and assist clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the polymorphisms of human platelet antigen (HPA) 1-16 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and -B loci among ethnic Han population from Shandong.

METHODSA total of 588 samples from platelet donors were genotyped for the above loci with sequence-specific primer PCR and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe PCR.

RESULTSThe frequencies of HPA-la, -1b, HPA-2a, -2b, HPA-3a, -3b, HPA-4a, -4b, HPA-5a, -5b, HPA-6a, -6b, HPA-15a, -15b were 0.9974, 0.0026, 0.9456, 0.0544, 0.5417, 0.4583, 0.9983, 0.0017, 0.9889, 0.0111, 0.9903, 0.0097, 0.5434 and 0.4583, respectively. The HPA-7-14 and HPA-16 showed no heterozygosity as the b allele was not detected in such loci. The most common genotypic combination for HPA was HPA-(1,4,7-14,16,17) aa-2aa-3ab-5aa -6aa-15ab (0.1820). HLA-A2 (0.3070) and HLA-B13 (0.1361) demonstrated the highest frequencies at their respective loci.

CONCLUSIONThe HPA and HLA loci are highly polymorphic among ethnic Hans from Shandong. The distribution of HPA polymorphisms also shows a great ethnic and territorial difference. It is important to construct regional database for the genotypes of HPA and HLA loci for platelet donors.

Alleles ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; statistics & numerical data ; Blood Donors ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of Pharmacy Benefit Management （PBM） model on drug compliance， health outcomes， economic burden and satisfaction of patients in Wuhu city of Anhui province. METHODS： In cross-sectional study， the questionnaires were designed according to the National Health Service Survey. Through cluster sampling and convenient sampling， the questionnaire survey （including subjective evaluation） was conducted among hypertensive patients who participated in or did not participate in the PBM program in pilot area of Wuhu city. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the general characteristics of the two groups. The Propensity Score Matching （PSM） was used to approximately randomize the included data to balance the baseline characteristics. Univariate linear regression or Logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship of whether to join PBM or not with drug compliance，QALY， hospitalization probability，monthly average drug cost for chronic diseases and monthly self-paid drug cost for chronic diseases， etc. RESULTS： A total of 755 valid questionnaires were collected， including 405 in the PBM group and 350 in the non-participating group. There was statistical significance in patient’s gender， age， education degree， nature of household registration， type of medical insurance or usual visited medical institutions （P＜0.05）. About 95％ patients （405 cases） satisfied with PBM program. 281 cases of PBM group and 193 cases of non-participating group were included through PSM. Results of regression analysis showed that lower one level at least of medication compliance in PBM group was 0.49 times as that in the non-participating group； the hospitalization probability in PBM group was 0.56 times as that in the non-participating group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance of difference in control of blood pressure QALY， monthly average drug cost for chronic diseases and monthly self-paid drug cost for chronic diseases between two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The implementation of PBM model in pilot areas can improve drug compliance and reduce hospitalization rate of patients. The most patients are highly satisfied. However， the effects of PBM on patients’ control of blood pressure， QALY and medical expense are not obvious， and its long-term effect needs more follow-up studies to verify.

Objective:To explore the performance of the commonly used whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) detection systems and give related recommendation on the performance requirements of detection systems.Methods:A total of 7 540 venous blood samples from 26 maternal, child and children′s hospitals were collected to conduct this multi-center study on the analytical performance of 5 commonly used whole blood CRP detection systems from March to April in 2019. The blank check, carryover, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, sample stability, influence of hematocrit/triglyceride/bilirubin, comparison with SIEMENS specific protein analyzer and trueness were evaluated. The 5 systems included BC-5390CRP autohematology analyzer, AstepPLUS specific protein analyzer, Ottoman-1000 Automated Specific Protein POCT Workstation, i-CHROMA Immunofluorometer equipment Reader and Orion QuikRead go detecting instrument. The 5 systems were labeled as a, b, c, d and e randomly.Results:Within the 5 systems, all values of blank check were less than 1.00 mg/L, the carryovers were lower than 1.00%. The repeatability of different ranges of CRP concentrations including 3.00-10.00, 10.00-30.00 and>30.00 mg/L were less than 10.00%, 6.00% and 5.00%, respectively, and the intermediate precision was less than 10.00%. The linearity correlation coefficients of the 5 systems were all above 0.975, while the slope was within 0.950-1.050. Whole blood samples were stable within 72 hours both at room temperature (18-25 ℃) and refrigerated temperature (2-8 ℃). The CRP results were rarely influenced by high triglyceride or bilirubin, except for the immmunoturbidimetric test based on microparticles coated with anti-human CRP F(ab) 2 fragments. When triglyceride was less than 15.46 mmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. When bilirubin was less than 345.47 μmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. CRP was more susceptible to Hct on the systems without Hct correction. The deviation of CRP between different Hct dilution concentration and 40% dilution concentration can reach as high as 67.48%. The correlation coefficients ( r) of 5 systems were all more than 0.975 in the range of 0-300.00 mg/L compared with Siemens specific protein analyzer. All systems passed the trueness verification using the samples with specified values of 12.89 and 30.60 mg/L. Conclusion:The performance of 5 systems can basically meet the clinical needs, but it is suggested that the whole blood CRP detection system without automatic Hct correction should be modified manually.

【Objective】 To achieve supervision and management of the whole business process of blood center, raise productivity and ensure blood quality by enabling blood center managers comprehensively grasp the key business operation situation of the whole process at anytime and anywhere. 【Methods】 A whole business process supervision and management system was established covering background of preparation, business scope, content of position supervision and management, overall framework design, interface design of management and supervision management, physical database design, program development and online debugging, and was integrated with the blood bank management information system. The display and management were through a mobile APP to record key indicators of business process from blood collection to blood supply timely and comprehensively. Statistical analysis was conducted on total collection volume, total preparation volume and total supply volume, as well as discarding rate of test unqualified and of non-test unqualified (lipemic blood excluded) in 2023 and 2022. 【Results】 We established a mobile APP based on a blood bank management information system for business supervision and management of whole process, and achieved management by phones. After its implementation in 2023, the total collection volume, total preparation volume and total supply volume in 2023 were all higher than those in 2022, with growth rates of 5.88% (13 247/225 454 U), 4.73% (24 156/510 698 U), and 6.70% (34 814/519 914 U), respectively. The discarding rate in 2023 was lower than that in 2022 (0.54%, 2 868/534 854 U) vs (0.60%, 3 047/510 698 U) (P<0.01), and the non-test unqualified discarding rate (lipemic blood excluded) in 2023 was significantly lower than that in 2022(0.12%, 649/534 854 U) vs (0.19%, 991/510 698 U)(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The construction of supervision and management system of a whole business process based on blood bank management information system can meet the standardized service needs of managers at anytime and anywhere, continuously raise productivity and the standardization and scientific level of blood bank management, thus ensuring blood supply.