Objective To study the expression of homocysteine in serum of patients with common malignant tumor,and initially investigate the possibility of serum homocysteine as cancer biomarker.Methods Expression levels of homocysteine and caner biomarkers (CEA,AFP,CA125,CA199) in serum of 180 patients with established malignant tumor and 30 healthy controls (control) were measured,the results of homocysteine were compared with that of the cancer biomarkers based on the cutoff value used in clinic.Results The expression levels of homocysteine was significantly higher in patients with malignant tumor than in controls [(13.89 ± 4.95) μmol/L-(21.40 ± 9.38) μ mol/L vs (11.40 ± 3.13) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05)].Conclusions The positive predictive rate of homocysteine is higher than the four kind of cancer biomarkers in lung cancer,breast cancer,esophageal cancer.The increase of homocysteine in tumors may be universal,and Homocysteine may be used as cancer biomarker in lung cancer,breast cancer and esophageal cancer.

Objective To prepare a primary dysmenorrhea self-management behavior scale used for female college students in China.Methods Based on Green health education model,a pool of 40 items was made through literature review as well as semistructured interviews on primary dysmenorrhea in female college sudent.In the following,a primary dysmenorrhea scale for female university students with 20 items was made by considering the advice from five obstetrists and gynecologists and employing a pre-test.Then the primary scale was used for an investigation among 100 female college students with dysmenorrheal and the items were screened by using by item analysis,and a scale with 19 items was decided.The revised scale was finalized by using it among 500 female students with dysmenorrheal in a college in Dalian for a formal investigation,with the reliability and validity tested by factor analysis and correlation analysis.Results The finalized scale was estabhshed containing four dimensions of 19 items.The scale internal consistency Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.91,the index on behaviour,gaining knowledge,treatment compliance and asking for help 0.77,0.88,0.86 and 0.84 respectively.The retest reliability was 0.92 and the index on each dimension was 0.76,0.84,0.83 and 0.77,respectively.The total content validity index of scale content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.93.The content validity index of each dimension,the item cotent validity (I-CVI)was 0.93,0.92,0.92 and 0.94,respectively.By exploratory factor analysis and screen plot,four factors were extracted,with a cumulative contribution rate of 62.90％.The correlation coefficients between the various dimensions were 0.12 to 0.35 and the correlation coefficients between the dimensions and total score were 0.49 to 0.78 (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Primary dysmenorrhea self-management behavior scales for female college students has a good reliability and validity.It can be used as a tool to evaluate the self management behaviors of female college students in our country.

Objective To study the metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus with different BMI.Methods 233 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 groups. The first group was the BMI ＜25kg/m2 ,the second group with BMI ≥25kg/m2. The blood sugar、 blood-fat 、blood uric acid、type-B ultrasonic of liver were analyzed. Results The waistline、hip circumference、limosis c-peptide 、total cholesterol 、triglyceride and morbidity of fatty liver and hypertension of the second group were higher than the first group. Conclusion Over weigh patients of type 2 diabetes had IR、hyperlipemia、hypertension 、fatty liver. The rate and the severity of the artery diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus increased wit the increase of the BMI. So weigh reduction could decrease the development of the artery diseases in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To analyze the features of Norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens and the associated factors in Chengdu, 2017, and to provide the scientific basis for Norovious outbreaks prevention and control. Methods: A total of 75 schools and kindergartens in Chengdu of 2017 participated in the study about Norovirus outbreaks. ANOVA and binary Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors and duration of Norovirus outbreaks. Results: Overall 710 cases were included. There was an average of 9.47 cases and 27.52 hours for each outbreak,decreasing by 1.06 cases and 10.56 hours compared with those of 2016. Most outbreaks happened in kindergartens and in the firstlevel economy regions from January to March, with GII type as the main outbreak. Compared with the first case of vomiting at home, vomiting in public area (OR=11.76, 95%CI=1.63-84.69) was much more serious, and compared with the active report of school/ community, being informed of the outbreak passively (OR=4.09，95%CI=1.04-16.03) was positively associated with outbreak severity. Conclusion To prevent Norovirus infection, specific development and training of dealing with vomiting and feces should be introduced, and measures to increase the ability to surveil and report Norovirus outbreaks should be enhanced.

Objective: To explore the associations of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease (HFM) among children of different age groups in kindergartens, and to provide scientific evidence for HFM prevention and control. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select 9 912 children from 40 kindergartens. The major caregivers of children were invited to participate into the study and fulfill a self-administered questionnaire that consisted of general background, hand washing and the history of HFM among children in the recent 1 year. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were applied,to analyze the influencing factors of HFM among children of different age groups. Results: In the 2 year-old-group, children who were male (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.24-2.50), had the major caregiver with high school educational background or below (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.06-2.24), had family income more than 100 000 yuan or more per year(OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.01-2.20), children whose major caregiver seldom wash hands immediately after coming home(OR=2.10, 95%CI=1.05-4.19)，and 3-5 times per week(OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.26-3.41) were more likely to have HFM. In the 3 year-old-group, the more time children spent in the outdoors, the less likely they got HFM(3-5 times per week: OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.43-0.81; ≥6 times per week: OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.29-0.70). Children whose major caregiver did not use soap were more likely to have HFM(OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.11-2.49). In the 4 year-old-group, children who occasionally took toys when going out were less likely to get HFM (vs always, OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.38-0.88). No significant factors were found in the 5 year-old-group. Conclusion The behaviors and activities of major caregivers and children could influence the HFM incidence.To prevent HFM, it was advised that the major caregivers should wash hands immediately after coming home, and develop the habit of using soap for handwashing together with children at the earlier age, and encourage children to take more outside-door activities according to the age characteristics. Attention should be paid to avoid contaminating takeout snacks, and to clean the takeout toys timely.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the toilet design and sanitary condition of primary and secondary schools in Chengdu and the epidemic situation of Norovirus infection, so as to provide scientific references for school toilet design and Norovirus prevention and control. Methods: A total of 78 cases of norovirus epidemics from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. These epidemics happened in 78 schools and the causes were indicated as human-to-human transmission. The Chi square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous data respectively. Unconditional binary Logistic regression was used to examine the multivariate associations. Results: Most epidemics happened from October in 2019 to March in 2020(79.49%, 62 cases), in primary schools (71.79%, 56 cases) and in the center area (52.56%, 41 cases). The median of the case number in each epidemic was 10. Overall, 56 schools (71.79%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed independently, and 22 schools (28.21%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed uniformly. There were 27 schools (34.62%) that did not have enough water taps. Logistic regression analysis found that those with toilets flushed uniformly had a stronger epidemic, compared to the schools with toilets flushed independently( OR=5.53, 95%CI=1.63-18.76, P <0.05). Conclusion In order to prevent intestinal infectious diseases , it is suggested that schools should design or reconstruct independent flushing toilets with adequate faucets.

Objective To analyze the factors related to the household abundance of rodents in rodent-borne disease foci in the western part of Yunnan province.Methods From July 2011 to October 2012,800 households (20 households in 1 village) were randomly selected in 40 natural villages of 10 counties in western Yunnan where rodent borne disease was endemic to conduct a study on relationship between rodent abundance and environmental factors.Five cages were placed in each household for 3 consecutive nights to capture rodents.The rodent species were identified based on their morphological characteristics.The data on potential factors related to rodent abundance were collected through questionnaires and field observation.A dataset was established by using EpiData software and the analysis was performed with hurdle regression model under R software.Results A total of 421 rodents were captured in 800 households,belonging to 9 species,6 genera,2 families,2 orders.Rattus tanezumi was the predominant species (66.03％).The final hurdle regression model showed that the probability of capturing rodents in the households where family member had high education level and the garbage was placed outside declined by 50％-68％ ; The probability of capturing rodents in the households of Dai and Yi ethnic groups increased by 2.16-2.87 times; The probability of capturing rodents in the households where rodents were observed or vegetables grown near houses increased by 1.54-1.59 times; In the households where many rodents were believed to exist,the probability of capturing rodents and the number of rodents captured increased by 1.59 and 1.84 times respectively.The number of rodents captured in the houses with cement or tile floor increased by 3.62 times.Conclusion The household abundance of rodents in the area in western Yunnan,where the rodent-borne disease survey was conducted,seemed to be closely related to the social economy status,human intervention and ecological environment.To control the abundance of rodents effectively,it is necessary to take these factors into consideration.

Objective To investigate the roles of long noncoding RNA-myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2).Methods LECs line (SRA01/04) was cultured in conventional DMEM (normal control group) and DMEM containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β2(TGF-β2 induced group) for 48 hours.The morphology of the cells was observed under the optical microscope,and the relative expression levels of M IAT,E-cadherin (E-cad),α-smooth muscle action (α-SMA),collagen Ⅰ (Coll Ⅰ) in protein level and mRNA level were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively.The cells cultured in DMEM or DMEM containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β2 were transfected by siNRA empty carrier (siNRA group,siNRA+TGF-β2 group) and siRNA-MIAT (siRNA-MIAT group,siNRA-MIAT+ TGF-β2 group) for 48 hours,and the morphology of the cells was observed under the optical microscope,and the relative expression levels of MIAT,E-cadherin (E-cad),α-smooth muscle action (α-SMA),collagen Ⅰ (Coll Ⅰ) in protein level and mRNA level were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results The cells in the normal control group showed the round and polygon in shape,and those in the TGF-β2 induced group showed the spindle-like.Compared with the normal control group,the relative expression levels of MIAT mRNA,α-SMA mRNA and Coll Ⅰ mRNA were significantly elevated (2.497 ± 0.644 vs.0.827 ± 0.062;2.951 ±0.146 vs.1.085±0.517;2.115 ±0.090 vs.1.002 ± 0.088),and the expression of E-Cad mRNA was significantly reduced (0.102±0.027 vs.1.020±0.262) in the TGF-β2 induced group (P =0.045,0.004,0.000,0.025).The expressions of MIAT,α-SMA,Coll Ⅰ and E-Cad showed a similar trend between two groups.The relative expressions of MIAT protein and mRNA were evidently reduced in the SiRNA-MIAT group compared with the siRNA empty vector group (all at P＜0.05).Compared with the siRNA+TGF-β2 group,the relative expressions of α-SMA and Coll Ⅰ in protein and mRNA levels were significantly reduced,and the expressions of E-cad protwin and mRNA were elevated in the siRNA-MIAT+TGF-β2 group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions MIAT might participate in TGF-β2-induced LECs-EMT.The down-regulation of MIAT in the LECs inhibits the fibrosis of LECs.

Objective:This study investigates the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4(APOE ε4)genotype on the relationship between glucose-lipid metabolism disorders and diabetes-related cognitive impairment(DCI).Methods:A case-control study was conducted involving 891 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with a mean age of(62.1±13.8)years, all of whom underwent elective surgery at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2017 and December 2022.Among these participants, 229 were diagnosed with DCI(case group), while 662 were cognitively normal(control group).Routine clinical information was collected, and peripheral venous blood samples were analyzed for glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and blood lipid levels.The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412 were analyzed to determine the presence of the APOE ε4 genotype.Stepwise Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for DCI, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of the APOE ε4 genotype on the relationship between HbA1c and blood lipid levels in relation to DCI risk. Results:Among all patients, female gender( OR=1.915, 95% CI: 1.393-2.631, P<0.001), longer duration of T2DM( OR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.087-1.257, P<0.001), elevated triglycerides( OR=1.161, 95% CI: 1.041-1.294, P=0.007), and being an APOE ε4 carrier( OR=1.638, 95% CI: 1.115-2.405, P=0.012)were identified as independent risk factors for developing DCI.High levels of low-density lipoprotein(LDL)were found to be independently associated with an increased risk of DCI specifically in APOE ε4 carriers( OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.060-1.870, P=0.018), but not in non-APOE ε4 carriers( P>0.05).In contrast, elevated HbA1c was independently associated with a higher risk of DCI in non-APOE ε4 carriers( OR=1.220, 95% CI: 1.040-1.430, P=0.014), but not in APOE ε4 carriers( P>0.05).Additionally, elevated triglycerides were independently linked to an increased risk of DCI across the entire sample and within each APOE ε4 genotype subgroup. Conclusions:The APOE genotype plays a significant role in modulating the relationship between dyslipidemia and the risk of developing DCI.This highlights the critical importance of lipid metabolism disorders and APOE risk genes in both the development and progression of DCI.These findings offer valuable insights for future clinical and mechanistic studies focused on DCI.

To evaluate the relationship between atherosclerosis and hemodynamic of coronary artery in mice detecting by ultrasound bio‐microscopy flow imaging . Methods Double 14 20‐week‐old LDL‐R‐/‐and C57BL/6 male mice were selected ,and randomly divided into two groups in each genotype according to weight . Each two groups were fed to 28 weeks or 36 weeks age respectively with west diet . Coronary artery hemodynamics in these mice were assessed in vivo by Vevo ?2100 ultrasound imaging system ,then the intima‐media thickness( IM T ) of aorta in histopathology were analyzed . T he differences of coronary artery hemodynamic parameters such as maximum velocity ( Vmax ) ,mean velocity ( Vmean) and velocity time integral ( V T I) were compared between mice of different genotypes of the same week and mice of different weeks of the same genotype . And the relationship between coronary artery hemodynamic in ultrasound and aortic IM T in histopathology were analyzed . Results ① All coronary hemodynamic parameters in LDL‐R‐/‐ mice were significantly lower than those of wild‐type mice except the Vmax between two 28‐week‐old genotypes group at the same weeks of age of different genotypes ( all P ＜0 .05) . But there was no significant difference in coronary artery hemodynamic parameters between mice of the same genotype at different weeks of age( P ＞0 .05) . ②T he histopathological measurements of aortic IM T in LDL‐R‐/‐mice were significantly higher than those of wild type mice ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,and those of 36‐week‐old mice were significantly higher than those of 28‐week‐old mice ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) . ③ All coronary hemodynamic parameters such as Vmax ,Vmean and V TI were negatively correlated with pathological measurements of aortic IM T ( r ＝ －0 .532 , －0 .423 , －0 .524 ; all P ＜ 0 .05 ) . Conclusions The parameters of coronary artery hemodynamics obtained by ultrasound bio‐microscopy are well correlated with the pathological results of atherosclerosis . Ultrasound bio‐microscopic flow imaging can be used as a new method to evaluate the degree of atherosclerosis in mice by detecting the hemodynamic parameters of coronary artery .