Ischemic stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, high mortality and high disability, which brings a huge medical burden to the society. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is closely associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. It has received widespread attention in recent years. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanism of lncRNA H19 in ischemic stroke, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective To identify the species of brucella rapidly with small fragments of PCR products. Methods The primers were designed according to Brucella spp. repeated insertion sequence IS711 in addition to the specific gene sequences of Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. The small fragments of 3 standard strains and 13 clinical isolates of Brucella were amplified by PCR. Then PCR products were T-A cloned and sequenced. The DNA of standard strains were diluted for sensitivity and stability testing. Results Four specific PCR products were obtained by PCR (63, 67, 81 and 83 bp). The results of T-A cloning and sequencing were in accord with the target gene fragment test. The detection limit of DNA was 1 μg/L. The expected results were achieved with different primers. Conclusion Species identification of Brucella with small fragments of PCR production is a method to identify Brucella strains with great specificity,sensitivity and stability.

BACKGROUND:Fibroin is a natural macromolecular material with Arg-Gly-Asp peptide structure that is a special tripeptide structure closely related to cel adhesion, and it can promote cel migration, adhesion, and proliferation and influence cel morphology and function. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of different silk fibroin scaffolds to repair buccal mucosa defects in rats. METHODS:Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to make unilateral buccal mucosa defect models, and randomly divided into three groups, 30 rats in each group: porous silk fibroin scaffold was implanted into the buccal mucosa defect in experimental group, multi-layered crosslinked silk fibroin film was implanted into the buccal mucosa defect in control group, and vaseline gauze was used to cover the buccal mucosa defect folowed by suturing in blank control group. After 15 days, wound diameter was detected; after 30 days, bone defect tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At postoperative 15 days, the wound diameter was significantly smaler in the experimental group than the control and blank control groups (P < 0.05), as wel as smaler in the control group than the blank control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 30 days after operation, there were more epithelial spikes and fibroblasts, but less inflammatory cels in the experimental group than the other two groups (P < 0.05), and fibroin fibers were partialy absorbed and degraded in the experimental group. These findings indicate that porous silk fibroin scaffold for buccal mucosa defect repair can accelerate epithelialization and wound healing.

BACKGROUND:The sensitivity andmucus secretion of theoral mucosamake oral soft tissues difficult to repair, so patients cannot achieve satisfactory outcomes after treatment. Nano-celulose protein mainly composed of glycine, alanine and serine has good histocompati bility. However, there is a lack of comparative study about the effect of nano-celulose protein and acelular matrix in oral mucosa repair, and the clinical effects of the two materials are stil under discussion.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of nano-celulose proteinver susacelular matrix in oral mucosa repair.
METHODS:Oral mucosadefect models were preparedinrats, and these rat models were randomly divided into four groups:oral mucosa defectswere repaired by vaseline (control group), nano-celulose protein, bovine skin acelular matrix and human skin acelular matrix, respectively. Repair effects were compared among different materials within 2 months after surgery.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The diameter of oral mucosa defect measured using a vernier caliper, had no significant differences among groups at 1 day after surgery (P> 0.05); the diameter of oral mucosa defect in the nano-celulose protein group was significantly lower than that in the other groups at 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery (P<0.05); the diameter of oral mucosa defect in the bovine and human skin acelular matrix groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at 5 and 7 days after surgery (P< 0.05). Morphological observationoftheoral mucosa under light microscope showed: the number of newborn capilary endothelialcels in the defect region had no significant differences among nano-celulose protein, bovine acelular matrix and human acelular matrixgroupsat 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after surgery (P> 0.05);but there were significant differences in the number of newborn capilary endothelialcels between the control group and the other three groups (P< 0.05). Furthermore, at 21 days after surgery, closely aligned and thicker new epithelialtissuecould be found in the nano-celulose protein group; in the bovine acelular matrix group,thedefect regionwasrepaired wel, new epithelialtissueappeared andthe number of inflammatory cels decreased; in the human acelular matrix group, inflammatory cels appearedobviously, and new epithelialtissueformed with the normal thickness. In contrast,abundant inflammatory cels and thinner epithelial tissues appeared in the control group. To conclude,bothnano-celulose protein and acelular matrix can accelerate wound healing by promoting oral mucosal epithelial hyperplasia.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of esophageal minimal change in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and explore its clinical characteristics.Methods From May to September in 2013,patients with minimal esophageal mucosa changes including esophageal mucosa rough,white secretin adhesion,erythema,edema,increased brittleness,blurring of the Z line or zigzag looking and blurring of paliform blood vessel,or patients with Los Angeles classification (LA) which were identified by endoscopy were enrolled.The subjects received gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GcrdQ) investigation and the related history were collected.The total score of GerdQ over eight was set as the criteria for GERD diagnosis.The R × C chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results A total of 417 valid questionnaires were completed.Of which,202 cases were in minimal change group,176 were in LA A group and 36 were in LA-B group.The diagnostic rate of GERD in minimal change group was 20.3％ (41/202),which was lower than that of LA-A group (74.4％,131/176) and LA-B group (83.3 ％,30/36),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =129.144,P＜0.01).The incidences of heartburn in minimal change group,LA A group and LA-B group were 25.7％ (52/202),62.5％ (110/176) and 86.1％ (31/36),respectively.The incidences of reflux were 29.7％ (60/202),67.6％ (119/176) and 75.0％ (27/36),respectively.The incidences of non cardiac chest pain were 5.4％ (11/202),22.2％ (39/176) and 22.2％(8/36),respectively.The incidences of heartburn,reflux and non cardiac chcst pain of minimal change group were all lower than those of LA A group and LA-B group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =75.775,64.120,24.016;all P＜0.01).The leading cause of endoscopy examination in minimal change group was abdominal discomfort,which accounted for 49.0％(99/202).The leading causes of endoscopy examination in LA A group and LA-B group were esophageal symptoms,which accounted for 52.8％ (93/176) and 61.1％ (22/36).Conclusions The diagnostic rate of GERD in patients of minimal change group is low and the clinical symptoms are not typical,which is insufficient for diagnosis of GERD and needed further investigation.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Buxin Ruanmai granules. Methods TLC was used to identify Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. HPLC was used to determine the content of salidroside and loganin. Results Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix could be identified by TLC. The linear range of salidroside was within 0.290 2-2.902 4 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 99.64%(RSD=2.72%). The linear range of loganin was within 0.083 1-0.831 2 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 100.12% (RSD=2.27%). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can effectively control the quality of Buxin Ruanmai granules.

Objective This paper explored the effect of the early clinical exposure in im-proving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods (1)From 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2010 who participated in early clinical exposure of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine and 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2011 who did not participate in the early clinical exposure, we selected 140 students respectively to conduct a simple random sam-pling survey. The results were analyzed by SPSS after using Microsoft Excellsoftware for entry. Statis-tical methods selected χ2-test/Fisher exact test(P<0.05). (2)We had an interview to students,teachers leading the project, instructor,experts engaging in the study of the doctor-patient relationship by using focus group discussion and in-depth interview, and then using thematic analysis to analyze the data. (3)The main aspects of questionnaires and interviews were: details, activity participation/interest, general cognitive on the doctor-patient relationship, passion for profession, choice of career, the effect in improving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship and the suggestions and comments. Results The effective questionnaires collected from Grade 2010 were 134, and124 from Grade 2011.The participation rate of the undergraduates of Grade 2010(participating group) was 94.0%(126/134), while the interest rate of undergraduates of Grade 2011 (control group) was only 76.6%(95/124). Participating group had a better cognitive understanding of doctor-patient relationship than control group(P=0.0192). The activities had significant effects on choice of career(P=0.0002), and no effect on passion for profession(P=0.7372). There was statistically significant difference on their views of employment(P=0.0002). The key words for the interview were: not enough preparation before activity, not reasonable timing, teachers leading the project, stimulation of professional pride. Conclusions Early clinical exposure activities can be effective in improving medical students' awareness of the current doctor-patient relationship. Still we have some shortages in the activity, some more exploration and amelioration should be made in late stage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of combined therapy with external use of wishful golden cream and oral use of glucosamine hydrochloride on knee osteoarthritis.Methods200 patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into treatment group and control group according to the order of treatment.Control group were given one piece of oral glucosamine at a time,three times a day.It consisted of six weeks treatment for lcowrse,two courses per year.Treatment group were given oral glucosamine plus external usage of wishful golden cream every other day with a new one.It consisted of 14 days for a course,two courses per year.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 1year.The efficien rate of the treatment group was 85.0％,and significantly higher than than of the control group (73.0％) ( x2 =4.34,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionCombined therapy with wishful golden cream and oral usage of glucosamine hydrochloride on knee osteoarthritis could significantly improve the clinical symptoms.It was more effective than oral treatment with glucosamine hydrochloride alone and it had great clinical value.

Objective To investigate the influences of lysozyme on the mRNA expressions of MMP-1,-12 and lysyl oxidase(LOX)in cultured fibroblasts in vitro.Methods Primarily cultured fibroblasts isolated from human skin were treated with three concentrations(0.1×10~(-8),1×10~(-7)mol/L)of lysozyme followed by another 24-hour cuhure.Subsequently,total RNA was extracted from the fibroblasts and subjected to RT-PCR for the detection of MMP-1,-12 and LOX mRNA.Results There was a significant difference in the mRNA expressions of MMP-1,-12 and LOX among the fibroblasts treated with the three concentrations of lysozyme (F=6.98,4.44,5.24,respectively,all P<0.05).SNK-q test showed that untreated fibroblasts differed signifi-cantly from those treated with lysozyme of 1×10~(-7) mol/L in the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12 (P<0.05),and from those treated with iysozyme of 1×10~(-7) mol/L.and 1×10~(-8)mol/L in the mRNA expres-sion of LOX(both P<0.05),whereas no significant difference was ohserved between fibroblasts treated with lysozyme of 1×10~(-8) mol/L and untreated fibrohlasts or those with lysozyme of 1 x 10~(-7)mol/L in the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12.or between fibroblasts treated with lysozyme of 1 x 10~(-8)mol/L and those with that of 1×10~(-7) mol/L in the expression of LOX (all P>0.05).Conclusions Lysozyme upregulates the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12 but downregulates the mRNA expression of LOX in cultured fibro-blasts in vitro.

BACKGROUND: At present, there is no consensus on the timing of post space preparation in the clinical medical treatment. But it can be inferred from some studies that post space preparation may affect coronal microleakage using different fil ing materials. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of immediate post space preparation and delayed post space preparation restoration on coronal microleakage using different fil ing materials. METHODS: Forty-eight extracted and single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 per group): premolars were fil ed with AH-plus paste and gutta-percha with the immediate post space preparation as group A1; premolars fil ed with mineral trioxide aggregate paste and gutta-percha with the immediate post space preparation as group A2; premolars fil ed with AH-plus paste and gutta-percha with the delayed post space preparation 1 week later as group B1; premolars fil ed with mineral trioxide aggregate paste and gutta-percha with the delayed post space preparation after 1 week later as group B2;premolars fil ed with AH-plus paste and gutta-percha as negative control group; premolars fil ed with gutta-percha as positive control group. Afterwards, al specimens were soaked for 4 weeks under simulated oral environment to measure the length of coronal microleakage by pressurized dye penetration method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No coronal microleakage was found in the negative control group, but serious coronal microleakage occurred in the positive control group involving the entire root canal. And there was no significant difference in the length of coronal microleakage between group A2 and B2, as wel as between group A1 and A2 (P > 0.05); but the length of coronal microleakage in the group A1 and B2 was significantly less than that in the group B1 (P < 0.05). These results show that the delayed post space preparation has overt effect on the coronal microleakage of root canal fil ed with AH-plus paste.