Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan for treating hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Methods Six patients diagnosed with SIADH were enrolled in this study.Four cases were allocated to tolvaptan group (oral tolvaptan 15-60 mg/d,the dosage was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Two cases were allocated to regular treatment group (liquid was limited 1 000 ml/d,intravenous drip was less than 3％ sodium chloride and/or oral salt capsule 10-15 g/d several times was adjusted based on the level of serum sodium).Data of the level of serum sodium at 4,7 d,baseline value of serum sodium,serum sodium at the first normal time,24 h urine and weight change were collected.Safety assessment was given before and after treatment,including medical history,physical examination,electrocardiogram,laboratory tests,and incidence of adverse events.Results The level of serum sodium in tolvaptan group increased from the first day of the treatment.During the period of treatment,serum sodium at 4 d increased 22,16,14,11 mmol/L compared with the baseline value respectively.No obvious change of sodium was observed in regular treatment group compared with the baseline value.For 7 d treatment,serum sodium level increased 14,13,14,13 mmol/L in tolvaptan group compared with the baseline level respectively.Only 2 cases in regular treatment group increased 4 mmol/L,and sodium level in regular treatment group did not reach the lower limit of normal level of serum sodium.In tolvaptan group,all patients urine output increased after 1 d treatment and began to stabilize in 3 d.24 h urine putouts were much more than 1 500 ml during treatment.Urine putouts 780-1 400 ml were observed in regular treatment group.There was no difference before and after treatment.Although weight dropped after treatment in the two groups,weight in tolvaptan group fell obviously.In the two groups,there was no difference in blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment.There were no serious complications and adverse events.Conclusions Compare with regular treatment,arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist is more effective therapy because it can correct the SIADH in patients with hyponatremia and reduce water retention.It also has a good security.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Cerus and cucumis polypeptide injection in the prevention of heterotopic ossification for the drug treatment of traumatic knee joint fracture after operation.Methods To retrospect the analysis about 150 cases with fracture reduction and internal fixation of traumatic around the knee joint fracture from January 2010 to January 2014 in Daliang Hospital of Shunde District of Foshan,including 89 cases of reduction and internal fixation were performed in group A,and with safflower injection infusion therapy,61 cases with allergic constitution were not given by Cerus and cucumis polypeptide injection in group B.According to the activity degree and HSS scoring system,the function of knee joint was evaluated before and after operation.According to the condition of arounding knee joint bone fracture healing and heterotopic ossification in X-ray and CT examination and to compare the correlation of probability between heterotopic ossification and Cerus and cucumis polypeptide injection in traumatic around knee joint fracture.Results All were followed up with 12.0-24.0 months,with average(13.6±2.2)months.Activity of knee joint between group A and B were respectively(47.2±7.3)°,(46.4±6.8)°before treatment,and HSS score of group A and B were respectively(50.8±10.0)points,(51.5±9.6)points,so there were no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Activity of knee joint between group A and B were respectively(115.1±6.5)°,(112.1±7.8)°at the time of the last follow-up,and HSS score of group A and B were respectively(86.2±5.0)points,(85.5±7.0)points,so there were no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant difference in activity of knee joint and HSS scores in group A or in group B at the time of the last follow-up(t=13.322,12.898,10.052,10.435,P＜0.05).The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 8.99％(8/89)in group A,the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 1.64％(1/61)in group B,there were statistically significant difference between A and B(x2=10.873,P＜0.05).Conclusion During the drug treatment,there is a correlation between heterotopic ossification and Cerus and cucumis polypeptide injection used in traumatic around knee joint fracture after operation.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with pituitary thyrotropin-secreting adenoma and evaluate the effect of preoperative short-acting octreotide treatment on hyperthyroidism.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients with pituitary thyrotropin adenoma diagnosed in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2008 to January 2018. The general data, laboratory examinations and imaging findings were reviewed and analyzed. The clinical effect of preoperative octreotide on hyperthyroidism was evaluated.Results:The age of onset year of the 40 patients (male: female = 24∶16) was (30.5±5.1) years. Among them, 35 patients (87.5%) were with macroadenoma. The most common symptoms were thyroid hypermetabolism syndrome, followed by headache, dizziness, visual field damage and hypogonadism. The thyroid function of 30 patients (75%) recovered to normal within 3-5 days after the octreotide treatment. The total effective rate of the octreotide was 90.0%. The level of free thyroxine (FT 4) before treatment in patients with more than 10 times of effective cumulative dose was significantly higher than that in patients with less than 10 doses. Conclusions:Thyroid hypermetabolism syndrome and pituitary occupying effect are the most common clinical manifestations of thyrotropin-secreting adenoma. Preoperative octreotide treatment can effectively control hyperthyroidism. The level of FT 4 is a crucial factor affecting the efficacy of octreotide.

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitors and L-arginine(L-Arg) on the prognosis of traumatic shock in rats. Methods Traumatic shock models of Sprague-Daulay rats were made and randomly devided into control group (n=24),L-NAME treatment group (n=24),AG treatment group (n=24) and L-Arg treatment group (n=24). Serum nitric oxide(NO) levels and oxygen partial pressure in tissues include skeletal muscles,liver and small intestine were detected at 1h,3h,5h after resuscitation. Meanwhile, hemodynamic data of the rats and their survival rates of 12h and 24h were monitored and recorded. Results Serum NO concentration was statistically lower after resuscitation in L-NAME group than that in control group, while there were no statistical significance of tissues oxygen partial pressure and survival rate in 12、24h between the two groups. AG could decrease serum NO levels only at late stage of traumatic shock,but no effect on the synthesis and relase of NO at early stage of traumati shock.AG could improve tissues oxygen partial pressure of the liver and small intestine, and prolonged the mean survival time. L-Arg could increase serum NO levels, and improve oxygen partial pressure of intestine and significantly increase the survival rate at 12h and 24h in rats with traumatic shock. Conclusions Treatment with AG and L-Arg can improve the prognosis of traumatic shock rats much better than that with L-NAME.

OBJECTIVE To study characteristics of changing T lymphocytes in epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) patients during acute phase and find out the pathogenesis,in order to elevate the level of early diagnosis.METHODS The anticoagulant blood from 30 cases of EHF patients and 50 normal healthy blood donors was collected.T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry.RESULTS Compared with those of normal persons,CD4+ T cell counts of EHF patients decreased,CD8+T cell and double CD4+CD8+ cell(double positive cells,DP cell) counts of EHF patients increased obviously,and 25 cases of EHF in recovery stage returned to normal.And in comparison with HIV,CMV and EBV patients,DP cell counts of EHF patients increased obviously.CONCLUSIONS T lymphocytes of EHF decrease obviously but could be resumed,detection of amounts of lymphocyte subsets and CD4+CD8+ cells can provide an early diagnosis method to EHF.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect on incomplete spinal injury by ganglioside intravenous injection combined with intrathecal injection.Methods From January 2011 to January 2015, seventy-nine cases with irreducible articular process interlocking of cervical spine fracture with dislocation of cervical spinal cord injury,underwent one stage anterior and posterior surgical treatment,postoperative routine use of antibiotics to prevent infection,and the hormone,dehydration to promote bone cell growth and neurotrophic drugs treatment.The patients were randomly divided into the intravenous injection group(42 cases),given intravenous injection of monalsialic acid four hexose ganglioside sodium(GM-1)40 mg/d,mecobalamin tablets 0.5 mg/time,3 times/d,30 d oral;the combined intrathecal injection group(37 cases)was given GM-1 40 mg/d,intravenous injection at 15 d after intrathecal injection,1 time a week 40 mg,with a total of 4 weeks.The degree of spinal cord injury was evaluated according to Frankel classification; cervical function was evaluated according to JOA score; bone graft fusion,stability of cervical spine and degree of spinal cord injury were evaluated by imaging.Results The operation time in the intravenous injection group and the combined intrathecal injection group were(4.15 ± 0.65)h and(4.10 ± 0.85)h,and the intraoperative blood loss was(850.50±35.10)ml and(858.60±25.20)ml,respectively,and there were no significant differences between the two groups(t=1.375,1.452,P>0.05).The total dose of GM-1 in the combined intrathecal injection group was(785.20 ± 3.28)mg,significantly higher than that in the intravenous injection group((610.55 ± 5.28) mg),the difference was statistically significant(t=12.542,P<0.05);79 patients were followed up for 12-24 months,with an average of(15.2 ± 1.3)months.The improvement rate of nerve function of the combined intrathecal injection group was(64.35±4.33)%,significantly higher than that in the intravenous injection group (55.50±5.44)%,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.813,P<0.05);the postoperative JOA scores of the intravenous injection group((13.55 ± 1.75)points)and combined intrathecal injection group((12.85 ±1.97)points)were significantly higher than those before the surgery((7.25± 0.83)points,(7.19± 0.93) points),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the JOA scores between the two groups before and after the operation(P>0.05).At the last follow-up,X-ray showed bone fusion at the bone graft site,and the internal fixation was good and firm.MR showed that the degeneration signal area of the cervical spinal cord decreased in varying degrees,and edema and inflammatory reaction disappeared.Conclusion Postoperative treatment of ganglioside intravenous injection combined with intrathecal injection is safe and feasible in the treatment of incomplete cervical spinal cord injury caused by cervical fracture dislocation with irreducible articular process interlocking.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of modified self-made Qingxin Buqi Pinggan Decoction combined with atomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 200 children with ADHD admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as observation subjects by prospective cohort study, and were divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group was given oral administration of atomoxetine hydrochloride capsules, and the observation group was given self-made Qingxin Buqi Pinggan Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. Before and after treatment, the Traditional Chinese Medicine symptoms were scored, and the core symptoms of the children were evaluated by Swanson Nolan and Pelham-versionⅣ (SNAP-Ⅳ), and the hyperactivity tendency was assessed by Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The serum cortisol (COR) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Adverse reactions during treatment were observed and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 97.0% (97/100) in observation group and 88.0% (88/100) in control group ( χ2=5.84, P=0.016). After treatment, the scores of restlessness, hyperactivity, unsteadiness, emaciation, lusterless complexion and restless sleep in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=17.90, 11.79, 10.01, 23.27, 11.79, 12.03, P<0.01). The scores of impulsivity factor, learning factor, hyperactivity factor, behavior factor, psychosomatic factor and anxiety factor were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=4.65, 42.83, 10.01, 41.89, 39.42, 18.30, P<0.01). The scores of attention deficit, hyperactivity-impulsivity and behavior performance were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=11.68, 9.69, 28.42, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of serum COR [(337.26±17.22) nmol/L vs. (275.51±15.49) nmol/L, t=26.66] and ACTH [(24.47±1.12) ng/L vs. (19.23±1.43) ng/L, t=28.85] were significantly higher in observation group than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 6.0% in observation group and 5.0% in control group ( χ2=0.10, P=0.756). Conclusion:Modified self-made Qingxin Buqi Pinggan Decoction combined with atomoxetine hydrochloride can improve the clinical symptoms of children with ADHD, reduce the degree of hyperactivity disorder, increase the levels of serum COR and ACTH, and enhance the clinical efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the effect of long-acting somatostatin treatment on blood glucose, blood lipid, insulin resistance and islet function in patients with acromegaly after surgical treatment.Methods:Self-control study before and after treatment was used. A total of 30 subjects who were diagnosed as acromegalyand received surgical treatment in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled in this study. Because patients′ growth hormone (GH) level was notc ompletely controlled after surgery, all the patients were treated with long-acting octreotide for more than 1 year. Before and 1 year after treatment, oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed at pretreatment and 1 year after initiation of treatment with long-acting octreotide. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was used to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β). The HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were detected by 75 g glucose, insulin, C peptide release test and growth hormone suppression test to evaluate the therapy effects on insulin resistance and islet function.Results:The levels of GH, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and triacylglycerol(TG) were all decreased after 1 year of octreotide treatment compared with that before treatment: (2.8 ± 2.5) μg/L vs. (12.1 ± 10.5) μg/L, (356.8 ± 209.2) μg/L vs. (698.1 ± 207.3) μg/L, 1.56 ± 1.08 vs. 2.71 ± 1.52, 1.01 ± 0.97 vs. 4.87 ± 3.57, (1.12 ± 0.49) mmol/L vs. (1.76 ± 0.92) mmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the level of fasting blood glucose was increased compared with that before treatment: (5.83 ± 1.19) mmol/L vs.(5.11 ± 1.73) mmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). While there were no significant changes in postprandial 2 h blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels before and after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Long-acting somatostatin therapy can effectively improve the insulin sensitivity of acromegaly patients, reduce β cell function, and slightly increase fasting blood glucose. It has no adverse effect on GHb, and can reduce the level of TG of the patients.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of Chinese patients with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy, and clarify the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients.Methods:Medical history of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy diagnosed from April 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021 in the department of neurology of 22 hospitals in China was collected, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), magnetic resonance severity scale were evaluated. Group comparison was performed between male and female patients.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, and the male-female ratio was 1∶1.95. The age of onset was (40.35±8.42) years. Cognitive impairment (82.3%, 51/62) and motor symptoms (77.4%,48/62) were the most common symptoms. The MMSE and MoCA scores were 18.79±7.16 and 13.96±7.23, respectively, and the scores of two scales in male patients (22.06±5.31 and 18.08±5.60) were significantly higher than those in females (15.53±7.41 , t=2.954, P=0.006; 10.15±6.26, t=3.328 , P=0.003). The most common radiographic feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%), and the magnetic resonance imaging severity scale score was 27.42±11.40, while the white matter lesion score of females (22.94±8.39) was significantly higher than that of males (17.62±8.74 , t=-2.221, P<0.05). A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, among which c.2381T>C/p.I794T was the hotspot mutation that carried by 17.9% (10/56) of the probands. Conclusions:The core phenotypic characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in China are progressive motor and cognitive impairment, with bilateral asymmetrical white matter changes. In addition, there exist gender differences clinically, with severer cognitive impairment and imaging changes in female patients. Thirty-six CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, and c.2381T>C/p. I794T was the hotspot mutation.

Although several artificial nanotherapeutics have been approved for practical treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their inefficient therapeutic outcomes, serious adverse effects, and high cost of mass production remain crucial challenges. Herein, we developed an alternative strategy to specifically trigger apoptosis of breast tumors and inhibit their lung metastasis by using natural nanovehicles from tea flowers (TFENs). These nanovehicles had desirable particle sizes (131 nm), exosome-like morphology, and negative zeta potentials. Furthermore, TFENs were found to contain large amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, functional proteins, and lipids. Cell experiments revealed that TFENs showed strong cytotoxicities against cancer cells due to the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. The increased intracellular ROS amounts could not only trigger mitochondrial damage, but also arrest cell cycle, resulting in the in vitro anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activities against breast cancer cells. Further mice investigations demonstrated that TFENs after intravenous (i.v.) injection or oral administration could accumulate in breast tumors and lung metastatic sites, inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and modulate gut microbiota. This study brings new insights to the green production of natural exosome-like nanoplatform for the inhibition of breast cancer and its lung metastasis via i.v. and oral routes.