Objective To understand the endemic characteristics and regularity of cystic echinococcosis by evaluating and classifying its endemic situation in Non Tibetan Plateau regions,so as to provide the evidence for formulating effective preventive and control measures. Methods The prevalence data of cystic echinococcosis in 174 counties(cities,districts,banners)in Non Tibetan Plateau regions from a national survey were collected and analyzed by the sample cluster method in 2012. Results The 174 counties(cities,districts,banners)could be classified into 4 clusters by spatial distribution. The first cluster with human high prevalence rate,low infection rate of livestock,and positive rate of dog stool antigen included 3 counties. The second cluster with high infection rate of livestock,low prevalence rate of human,and positive rate of dog stool antigen included 20 counties(cit-ies). The third cluster with high positive rate of dog stool antigen,low prevalence rate of human,and low infection rate of livestock included 39 counties(cities,districts,banners). The fourth cluster with low rates of the above 3 indices included the rest 112 counties. Conclusions The results of the cluster analysis conform to the current epidemiological status of cystic echinococcosis in the Non Tibetan Plateau regions. The epidemiological characteristics and geographical distributions of the four area types will pro-vide a basis for the classified management and guidance of cystic echinococcosis control in these areas.

This study aims to explore the differences of event-related potential (ERP) between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children, so that these differences provide scientific basis for the diagnosis of ADHD. Eight children were identified to be ADHD group by the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV), and the control group also consisted of 8 normal children. Modified visual-continuous performance test (CPT) was used as the experiment paradigm. The experiment included two major conditions, i. e. Go and NoGo. All the 16 subjects participated in the study. A high density EEG acquisition instrument was used to record the EEG signal and processed these EEG data by means of ERP and spectrum analysis. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz were analyzed between ADHD subjects and those in the control group, and then statistical tests were applied to these two groups. Results showed that: (1) Under the condition of Go, ADHD group had a significant lower P2-N2 peak-peak value than the values in the control group (P < 0.05); but under the condition of NoGo there was no significant difference in between. (2) Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had significant lower spectral amplitude around 11 Hz under the condition of NoGo (P < 0.05). However, under the condition of Go the difference was insignificant. In conclusion, there is certain cognitive dysfunction in ADHD children. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz could be considered as clinical evaluation indexes of ADHD children's cognitive function. These two objective indexes provide an early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans

Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative portal vein thrombosis (PPVT) on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods In this study,99 patients who underwent LDLT by the same surgical team of Tianjin First Centre Hospital from 2007 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether there was a PPVT,all the patients were divided into PPVT group (26 cases) and non-PPVT group (73 cases).The preoperative risk factors and the impact of PPVT on LDLT and outcomes were analyzed.Results Among 26 PPVT patients there were 23 cases in grade Ⅰ and 3 cases in grade Ⅱ.Splenectomy was found to be an independent risk factor for PPVT (x2 =10.211,P =0.001).PPVT prolonged the anhepatic phase (Z =-2.430,P =0.015),but the incidence of surical complications and mortality were no statistical differences between the PVT group and the non-PVT groups.Meanwhile,there was no statistical difference of 1-and 3-year survival rate between the two groups(x2 =0.505,P =0.477).Conclusions With proper intraoperative treatment and postoperative prevention,PPVT does not affect the outcomes of patients suffering from grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ PPVT.However,PPVT added to difficulties of operation,so the detailed preoperative evaluation and careful intraoperative operation is necessary.

Objective To investigate the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods Sixty-two patients with MS and 52 normal healthy individuals (NS) were recruited in the study.And the levels of hs-CRP and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA.The severity of Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).The monocytes in blood were isolated,cultured and stimulated by different concentrations of CRP.MCP-lexpression of monocytes was measured by real-time PCR.Results Patients with MS displayed significantly higher serum levels of hs-CRP and MCP-1 compared with healthy control group [(80.26 ±35.52) nmol/L vs (3.12 ±2.55) nmol/L for hs-CRP,P ＜0.01 ; (15.35 ± 10.12) nmol/L vs (9.76 ± 6.15) nmol/L for MCP-1,P ＜ 0.05].There was significantly positive correlation between hs-CRP and MCP-1.Serum hs-CRP,MCP-1and insulin resistance index were positively correlated,respectively.In vitro experiments indicated that CRP could up-regulate MCP-1 expression of monocytes in a concentration-dependent way.When the concentration of CRP was 176nmol/L,the expression of MCP-1 could reach 105％ compared with non-stimulated group.Conclusion With the severity of the inflammatory response and enhanced insulin resistance,elevated serum CRP level may result in MCP-1 expression in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The database design of multi-focal visual electric-physiological examining system is introduced in this paper.Microsoft Access 97 is used to design the database.VC++ can append,query or delete records of the database through DAO interface.It reflects such advantages that the database is easy to be managed and convenient to be queried.The design pattern can be transplanted to other medical devices' design.

Objective To summarize and explore the clinical characteristics,treatment and outcome of measles in pediatric liver transplant recipients.Method A total of 56 recipients underwent pediatric liver transplantation from June 2013 to April 2014,and 4 recipients suffered from measles post-liver transplantation with the incidence being 7.1％.The data of 4 recipients were retrospectively analyzed.All of the 4 cases were subjected to liver transplantation at our center for biliary atresia and cholestasis liver cirrhosis.All the patients received the combined immunosuppressive regimen on the basis of tacrolimus.All the patients did not accept the immunization with measles vaccine because of the primary liver diseases.All the cases presented the clinical manifestations of cough,high fever (T ＞38.5℃C) and conjunctiva congestion before the rashes came out.Maculopapular rashes appeared about 4 days after the fever.The rashes first appeared from the skine post aurem,face,neck,and then spread to trunk and extremities.Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa were observed in all the 4 cases.The serological test of IgM antibodies to measles was done.The treatment was adjusted as soon as the diagnosis of measles was clear.Immunosuppressants were decreased or stopped,intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combined with anti-infection drugs was given.Result The clinical manifestation of measles in pediatric liver transplant recipients was serious.There were 3 cases complicated with pneumonia,and one case with laryngitis.Two cases presented severe measles pneumonia and developed into severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.Three eases recovered from the therapy and 1 case died of respiratory failure.Conclusion Pediatric liver transplant recipients who suffered from measles are at high risk of severe pneumonia.Measles pneumonitis is frequently fatal in immunocompromised pediatric patients.The treatment shoule be given as soon as possible.

Objective:Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) could be seen in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD), especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or primary Sj?gren′s syndrome (pSS). Some patients are combined with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)(termed CTD-LETM-NMOSD) while others without (termed CTD-LETM-non-NMOSD). The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of CTD-LETM-NMOSD patients to CTD-LETM-non-NMOSD patients.Methods:We retrospectively collected data from 40 CTD patients with LETM who were admitted to the Department of Neurology or Rheumatology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan, 2006 to Dec, 2016. They were divided into CTD-LETM-NMOSD and CTD-LETM-non-NMOSD two groups. Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory features were obtained from the database. Relapse rates and clinical outcome were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Among 40 patients with CTD, 28 (70.0%) were NMOSD while 12 (30.0%) were not. The positivity rates of anti-SSA, antibodies to aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) were significantly higher in patients with NMOSD than those in patients with non-NMOSD ( P<0.05). Age, gender, clinical features, disease duration, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, anti-ribosomal P antibody, antiphospholipid antibodies, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features were all comparable between two groups. CTD-NMOSD patients had significantly higher disease relapse rate (75.0% vs. 3/12, P<0.01). Conclusion:Anti-SSA and anti-AQP4 positivity is associated with NMOSD and higher relapse rates, which suggests that NMOSD in CTD-LETM patients may represent distinct characteristics and pathogenesis from patients with CTD-LETM-non NMOSD.

Child ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Measles ; etiology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; etiology ; Transplant Recipients

Objective: To investigate the immunological mechanism of influenza A virus for murine S180 ascites sarcoma. Methods: After inoculation with S180 sarcoma cells, mice were i. p. injected with influenza A virus or vehicle 15 days. The average living time and survival rate of the mice were examined. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-? were detected. The sarcoma cell's apoptosis was detected by DNA ladder, flow cytometry (FMC) , fluorescent microscope and e-lectron microscope (EM). Results: The average living time and survival rate of the mice injected with Influenza A virus were significantly longer or higher than that of the controls. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-? also had the same differences. The apoptosis cells were detected by EM and fluorescent microscope. Sub-diploid peaks were observed by FCM a-nalysis and DNA ladder was seen after electrophoresis in the ascites cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the feasibility and potential of delivery of influenza A virus as a general means for the treatment of S180 ascites sarcoma.

Objective To establish a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol(ISO),and to study its basic characteristics . Methods Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rats with ISO. The model rats received subcutaneous injections of 5 mg/kg ISO every day for 14 days. Results The heart weight/body weight and left ventricular weight/body weight ratios in model rats were significantly increased. The serum hydroxyproline level was significantly increased ,the superoxide dismutase level was significantly decreased ,and the malondialdehyde level was sig?nificantly increased in model rats. Conclusion The rat model of cardiac hypertrophy is successfully created by subcutaneous injection of ISO for 14 days. This model can be used in study of the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy.