As the early stage of dementia, vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCI-ND) has become a hot research topic in recent years. The effective identification of VCI-ND has important clinical significance for prevention and decreasing of dementia. This article reviews the advances in research on neuropsychology, neuroimaging, biological markers, as well as the prevention and treatment of VCI-ND.

The effect of 5.8 ////mol L-1 propafeone on 0 phase depolarization of action potential were studed in meonatal and adult canine Purkinje fibres. Results showed: 1. in both groups, propafenone caused a reduction if APA and a decrease of Vmax; and the neonatal fibres were less sensitive to propafenone; 2. the inhibition of Vmax by propafenone showed frequency-dependent manner in both groups; and with theincrease of frequencies, the extent to which Vmax was inhibited became similiar in both groups. This sudy suggests that neonates were less sensitive to propafenone, but at higher frequencies neonates showed similiar responses as adults.

Objective To investigate the feature of the morphology changes in the upper airway in patients with acute cerebral infarction and to find a new method to prevent and cure cerebral infarction.Methods Sixty-six patients with cerebral infarction confirmed by brain MRI or CT scan(within 3 weeks of onset) were recruited.The patients were examined by upper airway MRI scan and polysomnography (PSG).Then the patients were divided into obstructive sleep apnea hypopnca syndrome(OSAHS)group and non-OSAHS group.In addition.16 patients showing OSAHS but without stroke history(OSAHS nonstroke group)were included in the study.The sagittal and horizontal lengths of the nasopharynx,palatopharynx,glossopharynx and hypopharynx were measured and their closs-sectional areas were calculated.The length,thickness and cross-sectional area of the palate were also measured.Statistic analysis of each data among the groups was performed using SPSS software.Results Among 66 cases with acute cerebral infarction,75.8 % (50/66)were diagnosed with OSAHS.The anteropesterior diameer,left and right diameters and smallest section area in upper airway were all smaller in the OSAHS group with acute cerebral infaretion than those in the non-OSAHS group and OSAHS non-stroke group.The narrowest segments in upper airway were nasopharynx and ompharynx.which are caused by shortened left and right diameters.The area of the soft palate in the OSAHS-stroke group was significant bigger((452.2±99.6)mm2)than that in non-OSAHS group((350.0±69.4)mm2,t:4.575,P<0.05).The lowest SO2 in OSAHS-stroke group(68.9 % ±10.5 % )was the lowest among three groups.The more severe the airway constriction was.the higher the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)was and the lower the lowest SO2 was.Conclusion Patients withl stroke show higher incidence of OSAHS and present more severe multilevel upper airway constriction.Upper airway constriction may be the new target of early treatment for better prognosis of cerebral infarction.

A total of 55 children aged under 14 years with cholecystolithiasis were treated at our hospital between January 2005 to December 2011.Their clinical data were collected and analyzed.The etiologies included pseudolithiasis (n =36),chronic hemolytic disease (n =2),obesity (n =9) and unknown (n =8).Among 50 cases on conservative treatment,42 cases were cured.Four cases underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.During a follow-up period of 2-4 years,there was no occurrence of significant complications.The removal of gallbladder stone was performed via laparoscopy plus choledochoscope in 1 case.There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 2 years.Ceftriaxone sodium and obesity were the major cause of pediatric cholecystolithiasis.A proper selection of treatment regimens should be based upon the considerations of etiologies and symptoms.

Objective:To develop a luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay for pregnancy associated plasm a protein A.Methods:The monoclonal antibody of PAPP-A was labeled with biotin ,the polyclonal antibody of PAPP-A was coated on receptor particles.The LOCI reagents also contained sensitizer particles coated with streptavidin.The optimal test conditions and analytical per-formance of the method were studied.Results:The within-run and the between-run coefficients of variation were 5.91%-7.94% and 6.14%-9.69%,respectively;the analytical sensitivity was 2.8 mU/L and the function sensitivity was 4.6 mU/L,good linear in 2.8 mU/L-8 000 mU/L range;the recovery rate was 96.7%-100.3%.The interference rate of hemolysis , icterus and triglycerides were less than 10%; there is no Hook effect of PAPP-A concentrations up to 8 000 mU/L;the correlation coefficient between clinical samples detection results and Time resolved fluoroimmunoassay analysis results was 0.974.Conclusion:This LOCI can be used for the quantitative of serum PAPP-A,and detection performance in line with the requirements of clinical diagnostic reagents .

Objective To investigate the usage of oral cardio-cerebrovascular Chinese patent medicine in Tiantan Community Health Service Center of Beijing (hereinafter referred to as “the centre”) during 2010-2015. Methods Varieties, dosage and sales amount of oral cardio-cerebrovascula Chinese patent medicine during 2010-2015 were analyzed through hospital information system database of the centre. DDDs, DDC and B/A values were calculated. Results Oral cardio-cerebrovascular Chinese patent medicine accounted for 23.67% of all kinds of medicine during 2010-2015. The average annual growth rate of the amount of sales was 11.96%, accounting for 48.73% of total sales. DDDs showed an upward trend over six years, including DDDs of Compound Danshen Dirpping Pills ranking the first. DDC and B/A also showed the daily cost of most of oral cardio-cerebrovascular Chinese patent medicine was less than 10 yuan. B/A value was approximately equal to 1, indicating that these kinds of medicine had better synchronization, and high frequency of usage. Oral cardio-cerebrovascular Chinese patent medicine dominated in all kinds of Chinese patent medicine during 2010-2015, which was related to the reason that most patients were old people. The frequentness during 2010-2015 in the centre did not changed much, and the structure was relatively stable. Conclusion The usage of oral cardio-cerebrovascular Chinese patent medicine in the center is reasonable, with some problems, which need to be further supervised.

Objective Many studies have suggested that cardiovascular risk factors seem to be more common in psoriasis patients than in general population.In this study we aimed to investigate the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients by Framingham cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal people using Framingham score.Methods We conducted a prospective study including 90 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris and 137 controls without psoriasis from October 2015 to October 2016 in our hospital.All psoriasis patients were diagnosed clinically and histopathologically.The severity of psoriasis was assessed according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score.Along with a thorough medical history and physical examination, serum lipid profile, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose tests were carried out.The 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) for general cardiovascular disease included indexes concerning age, gender, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking history.Results We found the 10-year FRS was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis vulgaris than in controls (P<0.05).The 10-year FRS was in positive relation with gender(r=0.358), age(r=0.678) and course of disease(r=0.257).No relation has been found in 10-year FRS and psoriasis features(r=0.184, P>0.05).No significance was found in the 10-year FRS of patients with mild and severe psoriasis (P>0.05).FRS was significantly higher in male patients and in patients above 50 years old (P<0.05).Conclusion Psoriasis patients, especially the older male patients, tend to have high risks of cardiovascular disease.Therefore, risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases should be conducted in psoriasis patients, and complications should be actively prevented and treated.

This report overviewed the national endemic status of schistosomiasis in China in 2008. During the whole year of 2008, a total of 412 927 cases of schistosomiasis were estimated and 57 acute cases were reported, among which one acute case infected with Schistosoma mansoni was imported from overseas. The reduction rates of total cases and acute cases were 19.97% and 32.53% when comparing to those in 2007, respectively. A total of 21 222 advanced cases were treated in 2008 with an increase rate of 15.04% comparing with that in 2007. About 372 263. 11 hm~2 of areas infested with Oncomelania snails were found in 2008, and about 1 197. 89 hm~2 newly detected areas were found in non-infested areas with Oncomelania snails, in historical records. There were 1 468 669 head of the cattle with its infection rate of 1.34% in schistosomiasis transmission regions, with reduction rates of 1. 86% and 36.79% , respectively, comparing to those in 2007. However, cattle were still remaining as the main infectious source for the transmission of schistosomiasis. Six provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Yunnan reached the national criteria of infection control. Sichuan Province reached the national criteria of transmission control. The country achieved the mid-term goal of schistosomiasis control written in the document ofOutline of mid- and long-term national programme on control and prevention of schistosomiasis (2004 -2015).

ObjectiveTo examine whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation-related genes are associated with the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsThe study recruited 116 aMCI patients and 93 matched healthy controls.All subjects underwent extensive assessment of cognitive function,genotyping was carried out on the platform of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.Results ( 1 ) There was prominent discrepancy between aMCI and controls in the memory,attention and executive functions,20 minutes delayed recall of auditory verbal memory test (AVMT) (3.0(0.0 ～ 10.0 ),8.0 (0.0 ～ 12.0),t =- 8.533,P ＜ 0.05 ),recall of Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test ( R-O CFT) (11.2 ±8.3,16.1 ±8.0,t=4.216,P＜0.05),digit span test (DST) (12.0(7.0 ～ 19.0),13.0(7.0 ～20.0),Z=-2.516,P＜0.05),trail making test A (TMTA) (80.0s(35.0 ～200.0)s,72.0s(29.0 ～512.0)s,Z=-3.113,P＜0.05),trail making test B (TMTB) ((180.1 ±72.7)s,(141,7 ±52.1)s,t=-4.385,P＜0.05 ).(2) No significant differences were found in frequencies of alleles,genotypes and hapolotypes of inflammation mediator genes ( interleukin 10,interleukin 1 A,interleukin 1 B,tumor necrosis factor,interleukin 6,α1- an-tichymotrypsin gene,transforming growth factor B1 ) between aMCI and controls (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe results indicate that polymorphisms in the inflammation-related candidate genes do not appear to be involved in the risk of developing aMCI.

Objective To investigate the relationship between amnestic mild cognitive impairment and functional genes associated with hyperphosphorylated tau protein.Methods One hundred and sixteen amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and 93 normal controls were recruited for the study.Multi-dimension neuropsychologic tests were used to assess the cognitive function extensively.MassARRAY and iPlex systems were used to measure candidate SNP polymorphisms,analyze genotypic,allelic or haplotypic distributions and their interaction with ApoE ε4 and the correlation with the cognitive function in the subjects.Results ( 1 ) The scores of neuropsychologic tests in memory domain ( Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT)-first immediate recall,AVLT-second immediate recall,AVLT-second immediate recall,AVLT-5 minute delayed recall,AVLT-20 minute delayed recall,AVLT-recognition,Rey-Osterrich Comolex Test-delay) in aMCI patients ( 3.0 ( 0-7.0 ),5.0 ( 1.0-10.0),6.0 ( 1.0-11.0 ),4.0 (0-11.0),3.0(0-10.0),20.0(8.0-24.0),11.2 ±8.3) were significantly lower than those in the normal controls(4.0(0-9.0),7.0(2.0-11.0),9.0(3.0-12.0),8.0(0-12.0),8.0(0-12.0),22.0 (10.0-24.0),16.1±8.0) (Z=-3.592,-6.802,-6.408,-8.173,-8.533,-5.647 andt=4.216 respectively,all P ＜0.01 ) ; (2) Genotypic distributions of rs242562 GG in aMCI (7.826％ ) were significantly lower than those in normal controls (20.65％,OR =0.3525,95％ CI 0.1411-0.8807,P =0.024 98),however there were no differences in the genotypic,allelic or haplotypic distributions between aMCI patients and controls of glycogen synthase kinase-3β,cyclin dependent protein kinase-5,calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-Ⅱ,cell division cycle 2,dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6; (3) MAPT/STH rs242562 genotype was correlated with AVLT-immediate recall,AVLT-delayed recall,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Test,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Test-delayed recall and Clock Drawing Test (H =9.763,12.258,10.508,9.624,10.767,F =3.700,3.123 and H =6.591 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05 ) ; (4) There were no differences in the distributions of MAPT/STH rs242562 GG genotype and ApoE ε4 haplotype between aMCI patients and normal controls.Conclusions MAPT/STH rs242562 GG genotype decreases the genetic risk of aMCI,which might have important role in memory function in aMCI.The interaction between rs242562 GG and ApoE ε4 doesn' t affect the susceptibility to aMCI.