Objective To investigate the picture identification abilities of hearing-impaired children. Methods 60 hearing-impaired children were assessed with Picture Identification Ability in Hiskey-Nebraska test of learning aptitude. Results The older the children were, the higher their picture identification abilities were (P=0.001). The children in Inclusion Classes are more capable than those in Hearing-aid Classes and Cochlear-implantation Classes (P=0.044). There was no significant difference between both genders and hearing device types (hearing-aid or cochlear-implantation). Conclusion Hearing-impaired children remain picture identification abilities, which may be the handle to improve the their language development.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a specific cathepsin B inhibitor,CA-074 Me,on the expression of cathepsin B in coxsackievirus B1-induced polymyositis in guinea pigs,and to elucidate the protective mechanisms of CA-074 Me on muscle fibers.Methods Polymyositis model was established in 32 guinea pigs by infection with coxsackievirus B1,which were then equally divided into 4 groups: γ-interferon group treated with intraperitoneal γ-interferon (150 000 IU per kilogram per day) from week 5 to week 8,polymyositis model group receiving no treatment,pseudo-intervention group treated with intraperitoneal sodium chloride physiological solution,CA-074 Me group treated with intraperitoneal CA-074 Me (4 mg per kilogram per day) for 7 days,after the infection with coxsackievirus B1.Eight guinea pigs receiving no infection or treatment served as the healthy control group.Blood samples and muscle tissue samples were obtained from the guinea pigs in the γ-interferon group on week 8 and in the other 4 groups on week 5.The serum level of muscle enzymes including creatine kinase (CK),CK-MM,aspartic transaminase (AST) and l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined.Muscle tissue samples were studied by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and Envision two-step method was used to quantify the expression of cathepsin B and to numerate CD8+ T cells.The apoptosis in muscle cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL).One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the serum level of muscle enzymes,inflammation score of muscle and apoptosis index of muscular cells,and Pearson chi-square test to compare the count of CD8 + T cells and cathepsin B expression,among these groups.Results Polymyositis model was successfully established by infection with coxsackievirus B1 in the 32 guinea pigs with a marked increase in the serum level of the tested enzymes,especially in that of CK.In detail,the serum level of CK was (410.7 ±167.9) U/L in the healthy control group,significantly lower than that in the polymyositis model group ((3537.3 ± 2141.6) U/L,P ＜ 0.05),pseudo-intervention group ((2222.0 ± 226.9) U/L,P ＜ 0.05),γ-interferon group ((973.8 ± 423.2) U/L,P＜ 0.05) and CA-074 Me group ((814.0 ± 268.4) U/L,P＜ 0.05).Compared with the pseudo-intervention group,the γ-interferon group and CA-074 Me group showed a slight increase in the serum level of all the four enzymes (all P ＜ 0.05).There was a significant elevation in the inflammation score of skeletal muscles in the polymyositis model group,pseudo-intervention group,γ-interferon group and CA-074 Me group compared with the healthy control group (1.75 ± 0.50,1.40 ± 0.55,2.38 ± 0.74 and 1.20 ± 0.45 vs.0.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),with the most intense infiltration of inflammatory cells observed in the γ-interferon group.Moreover,the number of CD8 + T cells,cathepsin B expression and muscular cell apoptosis index were all significantly higher in the polymyositis model group,pseudo-intervention group,γ-interferon group and CA-074 Me group than in the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the pseudo-intervention group,the CA-074 Me group showed less CD8+ T cells (42.3 ± 27.4 vs.68.0 ± 13.2,P ＜ 0.05) and lower expression of cathepsin B (31.3 ± 6.7 vs.37.5 ± 9.2,P ＜ 0.05),whereas the γ-interferon group exhibited elevated cathepsin B expression (49.3 ± 17.0 vs.37.5 ± 9.2,P＜ 0.05) and apoptosis index (40.1 ± 6.7 vs.25.4 ± 5.0,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cathepsin B is highly expressed in the guinea pig model of polymyositis,while CA-074 Me may protect muscle tissue in this model by downregulating the expression of cathepsin B and attenuating the inflammation and apoptosis induced by cathepsin B.

Objective To explore effects of different doses of fluvastatin on serum hs -CRP,NT -proBNP in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)and chronic heart failure (CHF)and its clinical efficacy.Methods 120 CHD patients with CHF were randomly divided into three groups,each group included 50 cases.Each group received the therapy of 20mg/d(20mg group),40mg/d(40mg group),and 80mg/d(80mg group),respectively,three groups were treated for 12 weeks.The related indicators were compared among the three groups before and after treat-ment,and the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE )and adverse reactions were recorded.Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups before treatment (P >0.05).The serum hs -CRP and BNP of three groups were significantly different after treatment(F =185.956,16.824,all P <0.05).The hs -CRP and NT -proBNP of 80mg group were lower than those of group 20mg and 40mg group (hs -CRP:LSD -t value =3.143,4.113,all P <0.05;NT -proBNP:LSD -t value =2.986,3.765,all P <0.05).The △hs -CRP,△NT -proBNP of C group were higher than those of 20mg group and 40mg group(LSD -t value =4.783,5.819,all P <0.05).The TC,TG,LDL -C of three groups were significantly different after treatment (F =14.402,10.929, 121.968,all P <0.05).The TC,TG,LDL -C of 80mg group were lower than those of 20mg group and 40mg group (LSD -t value =3.538,4.765,4.387,all P <0.05).The ALT,CPK of three groups had no significant differences before and after treatment (P >0.05).The incidence of MACE in 80mg group was lower than that in 20mg group and 40mg group.However,the incidence of three groups had no significant difference after treatment (P >0.05 ). Conclusion The treatment of high -dose fluvastatin can significantly decrease inflammatory of CHD patients with CHF,and also decreases the NT -proBNP level,effectively control lipid levels,the treatment is safe and worthy of clinical recommendations.

Social network is a type of structure of social actors by their relations.Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmits among population followed a type of structural and non-random mode,so we use social network concept and socio-metric analysis to conduct HIV related research that may enhance the understanding and prediction of HIV epidemic patterns and intervention measures.

Objective To analyze behavioral changes related to HIV/AIDS and trends of HIV epidemic among female sex workers(FSWs),and to provide information for integrated HIV prevention and evaluation of interventions.Methods Continuous surveillance was provided in 41 sites from 2005 to 2007,when cross-sectional surveys were conducted among institution-based and street based female sex workers,and blood samples were faken.Result The rate of using condoms in the last commercial sex activities among the surveyed FSWs was:73.7%,81.1% and 81.5% in the respective 3 years from 2005 to 2007;while the rate of consistently using condoms in sex with clients during the last month was:49.3%,56.4% and 5.4% in the respective 3 years.Female sex workers who had injecting drug use were identified in one third surveillance sites.The rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS transmission among the FSWs was 62.4%,57.3% and 64.8%,respectively.The proportion of the FSWs who attended HIV VCT services was 10.9%,16.6% and 24.9%,respectively.The proportion of the FSWs who received intervention service within the last year was 51.3%,78.8% and 89.8%,respectively.The HIV detection rate was 0.0%(median value)in all the 3 years while the syphilis detection rate was 0.6%,1.0% and 1.15% respectively.Conclusion Rate of condom use and HIV awareness need to be further enhanced among female sex workers.The rate of condom use in the last sex with clients may be over estimated.The proportion of female sex workers who have received intervention service tends to increase;the coverage of behavioral intervention,voluntary counseling and testing and public education is increased gradually.HIV prevalence rate among female sex workers is generally low,but relatively high in some regions.High risk behaviors,such as unprotected sex and injecting drug use are not uncommon among FSWs.All this means that behavioral intervention is a long-term tough task,and to ensure its effectiveness and sustainability integrated HIV/AIDS prevention and control program will be needed.

Based on talented person admittance standard and train objective, considering student's cognition characteristic and the professional rank test and so on in higher vocational education rehabilitation treatment technology, this paper explored reform and construction of rehabilitation assessment.

Numerous peptides that bind to a given target have been selected by phage display technology. However, some peptides isolated to date do not bind with high affinity to tumor or organ sites, even peptides were selected in vivo. Therefore, the biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled filamentous phage peptide library via MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine) were investigated to gain a better understanding of phage circulation in vivo. The experimental results showed that the liver and spleen were the organs of the greatest accumulation, while heart, muscle, pancreas and brain retained less radioactivity. In opposite to other tissues and organs, the radioactivity in stomach, intestine and bone gradually went up with time. The clearance of 99mTc-labeled phage in blood was very fast from 5 min to 30 min and then slowed down. When phage in vivo circulated at enough long period of time, some phage particles could extravasate in some organs or tissues and internalized there. In conclusion, the circulation time of phage in vivo should be experimentally determined beforehand according to the targeted organs and the specific location of target peptides in order to panning a peptide with high specificity and affinity to that target.

Objective To observe the postnatal development and perinatal electrophysiological characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) in rats. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to determine the expression of NG2 OPC in cerebral cortex and hippocampus at various developmental stages of SD rats. Electrophysiological characteristics of OPC were also recorded in slices of 7-day rats. Results The majority of hippocampal and cerebral OPC exhibited stellate shape,a small cell body with a few processus. Total population of the NG2 immunopositive OPC was numerous at P7d in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. OPC expressed in adult rats with slightly more quantity. Moreover,OPC in hippocampus of P7d rats typically exhibited small inward sodium current and weak active responses,whereas only outward potassium current and inactive responses were recorded in white matter OPC of P7d rats. Conclusion Total population of OPC and relative optical density of NG2 are the highest in P7d rats at the postnatal developmental stages. OPC in cerebrum and hippocampus of P7d rats displays electrophysiological heterogeneity.

Objective To clarify the role of protein kinase A (PKA),protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclin dependent kinase5 (CDK5) in the alterations of neurofialments (NFs) in 2,5-hexanedione (HD) induced toxic peripheral neuropathies. Methods HD was administrated to male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg,once a day,for 8 consecutive weeks. The relative contents of PKA,PKC,p35 precursor and CDK5 in spinal cord were determined by using SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. Results In the cytosolic fraction of spinal cord,the levels of PKA and PKC in 400 mg/kg group significantly increased (P

This study was aimed to optimize optimum preparation process of 5,7,3',4'-O-tetramethylquercetin (TMQ). With 5,7,3',4'-O-tetramethylrutin as raw material, TMQ was prepared by acidic aqueous solution method. The preparation process of TMQ was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum technology conditions were ethanol concentration at 0, temperature at 80℃, hydrochloric acid concentration at 0.50%, and the hydrolysis time for 1.0 h. It was concluded that the optimum preparation process had the charac-teristics of high yield, simple process, stable and feasible.