Objective:To investigate the methylation of CpG island of metallothionein-3 (MT-3) gene in esophageal cancer tissues and normal tissues in middle and south area of Hebei Province and Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province and compared the results with those in low risk area of esophageal cancer. Methods:The blood samples from 10 normal volunteers, 10 embryonic esophageal tissues, 20 esophageal mucosa tissues from normal subjects in low risk area as well as 30 fresh surgical specimens of esophageal cancer and 30 normal marginal tissues in the high risk middle-south Hebei Province and Chaoshan area were collected. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the methylation status of the CpG island of MT-3 gene in these samples. Its relationship with clinicopatho-logical features was analyzed. Results:There were 20 (33.3%) cases with MT-3 methylation in the marginal tissues of esophageal cancer from high-risk area, which was higher than that in the normal mucosa from low-risk area (P=0.013). And there were 49 (81.7%) cases with MT-3 methylation in esophageal cancer tissues, which was higher than that in normal marginal tissues (P<0.001). But there was no significant difference in the methylation degree between middle-south of Hebei Province and Chaoshan area (P=0.739). Conclusion:MT-3 methylation widely exists in esophageal mucosa and carcinoma tissues. Acquired stimulus may be the main cause of these methylations.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly people in Beijing.Methods Using multistage cluster random sampling,129 elderly people aged 60-80 years living around Dongzhimen communities were interviewed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/ Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria for screening MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Results Thirty-seven cases (28.7%) had amnestic MCI (aMCI),thirty-six cases (27.9%) had AD,and fifty-six cases (43.4%) were with normal cognitive state (NCS).The age was older in aMCI patients or AD patients than in NCS[(67.6±7.5)y vs.(62.5±7.9)y,(67.6±7.5)y vs.(62.5±7.9)y,both P<0.01],Andthe aMCI or AD patients had low level of education (P<0.05).The blood pressure was higher in the patients suffered from aMCI or AD than in people with NCS more or less (P<0.05).The prevalence of aMCI was related to the body mass index (BMI) (P<0.05),while that of AD had no significant relation with BMI (P>0.05).The prevalence of aMCI or AD was not significantly different between male and female or between different birth months.(all P>0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of aMCI increases with age,lower level of education,higher level of blood pressure and BMI,while it has no significant relations with gender or birth month.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness of collagen sponge for reducing volume of drainage after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. MethodsOne hundred and eighty-six patients who suffered from lumbar spinal stenosis were divided into two groups by random digits table method. The test group(96 cases) used collagen sponge to cover dura mater before placing drainage tube,the control group (90 cases) was treated without collagen sponge. The volume of drainage at 1,12,24 h after surgery were observed, the blood routine test was carried out at before and 48 h after surgery and the volume and ratio of blood transfusion after surgery was also measured and compared between the two groups. ResultsThe volume of drainage were significantly decreased in the test group compared with the control group at 1,12,24h after surgery [( 106.11 ± 20.02 ) ml vs. ( 127.02 ± 25.09) ml, (236.12 ± 34.06) ml vs. (327.31 ± 51.21 )ml, (355.16 ± 49.03 ) ml vs.( 506.36 ± 85.29 ) ml](P ＜ 0.05 ). The volume and the ratio of blood transfusion in the test group were ( 176.27 ± 21.37) ml and 10.42％(10/96) ,which were greatly lower than those in the control group[(445.94 ±24.56) ml and 32.22％ (29/90)](P ＜0.05). The number of RBC and the concentration of Hb were (2.96 ± 0.45 ) × 1012/L and ( 106.75 ± 7.30) g/L, differently in the test group at 48 h after surgery,which were increased significantly compared with the control group[(2.35 + 0.57) × 1012/Land (90.45 ± 5.10) g/L](P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsCollagen sponge provides rapid ,effective and durable hemostasis and decreases the leak of cerebrospinal fluid after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. It can be used as an effective and economic method to reduce the volume of drainage after surgery.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of BIOMED-2 system in detecting IGH gene clonal rearrangement and application in diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Methods Forty-five cases were collected, including 36 MALT lymphomas from different organs, 3 extranodal lymphoid tissue proliferative lesions and 6 severe gastritis associated with H pylori. DNA was extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of these cases and the quality of DNA was assessed using the BIOMED-2 specimen mixed control primers. IGH gene clonal rearrangement was detected using IGH VH-JH primers. The sensitivity and specificity of BIOMED-2 PCR were analyzed.Results Adequate DNA (≥ 300 bp) was obtained in 31 of 45 samples (including 22 MALT lymphomas, 3 lymphoid tissue proliferative lesions and 6 severe gastritis), and the DNA from the other 14 samples was degraded seriously. 16 of 22 MALT lymphomas were positive of IGH clonal rearrangement with the sensitivity of 72.7 ％.In contrast,none of 6 severe gastritis was positive with the specificity of 100 ％ IGH and clonal rearrangement were detected in one of 3 lymphoid tissue proliferative lesions. Conclusion BIOMED-2 assay is an effient and reliable method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MALT lymphoma which is important for clinical practical value.

Objective To observe microstructural changes of white matter in Alzheimer's disease (AD),and to find out the relationship between white matters lesion and declined cognition.Methods Twenty-four AD patients and 24 controls with normal cognition performed diffusion tensor imaging MR scan.Tract-based spatial statistical analysis (TBSS) was used to investigate microstructural change of white matter,and then its correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores was analyzed.Results Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were decreased in corpus callosum,fornix,left corticospinal tract,bilateral cerebral peduncle,superior cerebellar peduncle,internal capsule,corona radiata,posterior thalamic radiation,sagittal stratum including inferior longitidinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,external capsule,cingulate gyrns,hippocampus,superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus,while mean diffusivity (MD) values were increased in fornix,left hippocampus,bilateral internal capsule,corona radiata,posterior thalamic radiation,sagittal stratum including inferior longitidinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,external capsule,cingulate gyrus,superior longitudinal fasciculus,superior fronto-occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus (all P ＜ 0.05,threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected).MMSE scores had a positive correlation with decreased FA values of left sagittal stratum (r =0.535,P =0.007) and negative correlations with increased MD values of left sagittal stratum (r =-0.427,P =0.037),left superior longitudinal fasciculus (r =-0.424,P =0.039) and left uncinate fasciculus (r =-0.505,P =0.012).Conclusions There exist widespread white matter lesions in AD with impairment of white matter connections of intra-and inter-hemispheres.Impaired white matters in left hemisphere may have close relationships with cognition decline.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of health education pathway on patients after hip replacement. Methods Patients after artificial hip replacement (200 cases) were divided randomly into the observation group and the control group with 100 cases in each group.The control group adopted general health education methad.The observation group was given health education according to health education pathway.The level of disease-related knowledge and satisfactory degree were compared between the two groups. Results The level of disease-related knowledge and satisfactory degree in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Health education pathway can facilitate level of disease-related knowledge and positive cooperation with treatment and nursing of patients as well as increase satisfactory degree of patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the therapeutic effects of low-calorie diet in steatohepatitis with obesity and hyperlipidemia.

METHODSThirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks were randomly allocated into 3 groups, and continued to experiment for 2 weeks. The animals in model group (n = 10) were still fed with high-fat diet; low-calorie diet group (n = 10) with common diet but only one third of the amount of normal demand; ursodeoxycholic acid group (n = 15) with low-calorie diet and ursodeoxycholic acid (15 mg/kg.d(-1)); and another 9 rats with common diet for 12 weeks as normal group.

RESULTSCompared with normal group, such indexes as body weight, liver weight, and the level of serum lipids and aminotransferase were all increased significantly in model group. Furthermore, all rats in model group developed steatohepatitis. On the other hand, such indexes as body weight and the degree of steatosis in rats of low-calorie diet group were decreased sharply compared with those in model group, but neither disorders of serum lipid nor the degree of hepatic inflammation and necrosis in low-calorie diet group were improved obviously. Disorders of serum lipid, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic inflammation and necrosis in ursodeoxycholic acid group were ameliorated to some extent.

CONCLUSIONSUrsodeoxycholic acid might help to improve the therapeutic effects of low-calorie diet on steatohepatitis with obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Animals ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Food-Drug Interactions ; Hepatitis ; complications ; diet therapy ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; diet therapy ; Obesity ; complications ; diet therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the distribution and constituent of drug‐resistant bacteria of lower respiratory tract in‐fection among different regions (outpatient department ,wards ,RICU) to provide the basis for the clinical reasonable application of antimicrobial agents .Methods The K‐B disc diffusion method and the instrument method (VITEK‐TWO) were adopted and the detection results were interpreted according to the standards of CLSI 2010 .The detection data of 480 drug‐resistant strains isolated from the sputum ,branchoalveolar lavage fluid samples submitted in 3 regions of respiratory outpatients department by bacterial cul‐ture identification and drug susceptibility test were analyzed by using the WHONET5 .6 statistical software .Results The distribu‐tion and constituent of drug‐resistant bacteria of lower respiratory tract infection had obvious difference among 3 different regions . The top 4 of drug resistant bacteria were dominated by Gram‐negative bacteria .The drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in RICU was higher than that in the respiratory outpatients department and wards(P<0 .05) ,the resistance rate in the respiratory outpatients department ,wards and RICU to commonly used antibacterial drugs was similar;the multiple drug resistance of ESBLs‐producing strains was obviously higher than that of non‐ESBLs‐producing strains (P<0 .05) .Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained the higher antibacterial activity to quinolone ,aminoglucosides ,cefepime ,imipenem ,cefoperazone/sulbactam ,and piperacillin/tazobactam ,but the resistance rate in RICU was significantly higher that in the respiratory outpatient department and wards (P<0 .05);the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii in the respiratory wards and RICU was higher than that in the respiratory out‐patient department ,the resistances to imipenem were 64 .6% and 70 .4% respectively .The resistance of MRSA to rifampin in RICU was higher than that in the respiratory outpatient department and wards(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The distribution constituent and drug‐resistance rates have obvious differences among the respiratory outpatient department ,wards and RICU .Except being familiar with the drug resitant bacterial distribution and drug resistance rate monitoring situation ,clinical doctors should grasp the drug re‐sistance situation of drug resistant bacteria among different areas in various departments of own unit in order to rationally and effec‐tively use antibacterial drugs .

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia(CAP). Methods A prospective,randomized,single blind,and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients<48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin,400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets(each 500 mg,once daily) promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients,of which 77 cases completed treatment,including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups,with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%(P < 0.01),the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%(P < 0.05),respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline,and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.

To explore the correlation between the cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and to provide evidence for clinical syndrome differentiation treatment.