Objective To explore the effect of inhibitor of MEK/ERK pathway on the behaviors of autistic rats .Methods Autistic rats were made by intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA) after pregnancy for 12 .5 days .After VPA injec-tion ,pregnant rats were treated with U0126 via oral at 400 μg/kg dose per day until weaning .Young rats were divided to 4 groups :control group ,VPA group ,U0126 group ,VPA combined U0126 group .The social interaction and behaviors of young rats were e-valuated at 35 days after bornning .The levels of MEK and phosphorylated ERK in brain tissues were investigated by Western blot . Results The autistic rat mode was prepared successfully .Compared with control rats ,the rats treated with VPA showed low the social interaction ,long moving time in central area and reducing standing times .Treatment with U0126 alone didn′t change the so-cial interaction and behaviors of young rats ,but VPA combined U0126 group could improve VPA-induced autistic-like behaviors . Western blot results show that compared with the control group ,the rats treated with VPA could enhance the prefrontal cortex of rats ,the hippocampus and cerebellum in the organization of MEK and ERK phosphorylation level ;while VPA combined U0126 group could inhibit the brain tissue of MEK and ERK phosphorylation level .Conclusion U0126 can improve the model rats of au-tism disorders behavior ,the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway in the brain .

From the aspect of social and demographic factors, disease-related factors, social support, coping style and other factors outlined in diabetic patients with diabetes distress, and diabetes theoretical development and current situation of diabetes distress interventions were reviewed, in order to implement targeted interventions for diabetes patients.

Objective To study the function difference of T helper cells(Th)and dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. Methods IL-12,IL-2 and IL-4 released by Th was measured in 30 patients with different HBV genotypes. After DCs were differentiated and proliferated, DCs’ configuration and amounts were observed, and IL-12 released by DCs was measured in 20 patients. Then the data were statistical analyzed. Results IL-12, IL-2 and IL-4 were significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B than the controls (t=2.9272,t=2.7350,P

Objective To identify endoscopic and the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of esophageal tuberculosis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 39 cases (mean age 50.7) of esophageal tuberculosis diagnosed by endoscopy and EUS in past 6 years.Results A total of 29 lesions were found in the middle part of esophagus,and 5 in upper and lower part,respectively.The lesions under endoscope demonstrated as protrusion in 30 and ulceration in 9.EUS found esophageal wall thickness in 9 cases,intra-wall occupying lesion in 17,mediastinum occupying lesions involving esophagus in 13,and calcified lymph nodes in mediastinum which was integrated with esophageal outer wall in 28 cases.Conclusion The esophageal tuberculosis occurs mainly in the middle part of the esophagus,and appears as protrusion and ulceration under endoscopy.EUS can find occupying lesions intra-or out of the esophageal wall,and full layer thickness,which can accompany calcified lymph nodes in meidastinum,and can be the basis of diagnosis.

Objective:To detect the interleukin-22(IL-22) levels in peripheral blood of the asthma patients and analyze the relationship between the IL-22 levels and IgE,pulmonary function,fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FENO),and to investigate the role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Methods:Seventy-eight patients with asthma were selected as experiment group.The asthma patients were divided into increased IgE group (n=46)and normal IgE group(n=32)according to the IgE levels.The asthma patients were also divided into acute attack stage and clinical control stage according to patients' clinical symptoms.In addition, twenty healthy controls were chosen as healthy control group.The plasma IL-22 levels, IgE,forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FENO levels of the subjects in various groups were detected and compared between various groups.The correlations between the plasma IL-22 levels and IgE, FEV1,FENO were analyzed.Results:The plasma IL-22 level and FENO level of the patients in asthma group were higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05).The IL-22 level and FENO level of the patients in clinical control stage were lower than those in acute attack stage,but they were still higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05).The plasma IL-22 level of the patients in increased IgE group was higher than that in normal IgE group(P<0.05).There were significant negative correlations between the IL-22 levels and FEV1 in the asthma patients in acute attack group and clinical control group(r=-0.365 3,P<0.05;r=-0.267 2,P<0.05),but there was no significant correlation between the IL-22 levels and FENO(r=0.011 9,P>0.05;r=0.059 8,P>0.05).Conclusion:The increased expression of IL-22 in peripheral blood of the patients with asthma may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma,and may aggravate the deterioration of pulmonary function of the asthma patients.

Objective To develop a highly sensitive luminescent reagent for bloodstain testing at forensic crime scenes.Methods Based ontheprincipleof ECL luminescence and the ping-pong conjugate activation principle of chemical electronic chain,this project developed a new type of highly sensitive luminescent reagent for bloodstain testing by usingthe uniform design of experimental methods to optimize the conditions andsynthesize several new compounds.Results The bloodstain testing luminescent reagentdeveloped in this project has high sensitivity andlongluminescence time.In the case of blood samples diluted by 1,000 times,reading the fluorescence withChemiScope 3300 chemiluminescence imaging system,the maximumvalue of gray scale reached 56,and the luminescence time lasted for 10 minutes.Conclusion The project has successfully developed a highly semitivebloodstain testing reagentthat could be applied to crime scene investigation.

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of multiple sclerosis(MS)patients both in the brain and the spinal cord and to explore its relationship with factors such as quality of life,disability of MS patients and so on.Methods A total of 170 MS patients confirmed clinically underwent MRI examination and answered the questionnaires of Multiple Sclerosis Quality Of Life-54 instrument,Expanded Disability Status Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale.Results The lesions on brain MRI were usually seen in the white matter around the lateral ventricles,the centrum ovale majus and frontal lobe.The commonly seen length of the single lesions on the spinal cord was as long as that of 1-2 vertebral bodies,but that of the fused lesions was as long as that of 4-5 vertebral bodies.The distribution of the lesions was significantly correlated with the quality of life,the degrees of the disability,anxiety and depression.Conclusion MRI examination is useful for early and better diagnosis of MS and can provide guidance for treatment,and thus can improve the prognosis and the quality of life of patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of health related quality of life(HR-QOL) in Chinese patients with early Parkinson' s disease(PD), to identify the motor and non-motor factors that are associated with a poorer quality of life in patients with early PD. Methods All 391 patients with early PD were identified in a clinical-based study. Motor functions were measured by Unified Parkinson' s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yabr Scale. Non-motor variables were assessed by Center of Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D) for depressive symptoms, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep disturbance, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) for fatigue, Alzheimer' s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Sections (ADAS-Cng) for cognitive function, and Constipation Severity Scale for constipation. HR-QOL was measured by SF-36. Motor and non-motor variables were collected at the baseline assessment of a clinical trial and determined during a structured interview and by clinical examination by movement disorder specialists. The results were compared with those in healthy elderly people. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine which variables were strongly associated with lower levels of quality of life. Results Patients with early PD had a lower score on all dimensions of SF-36, except bodily pain dimension. Motor factors, particular physical disability and disease severity, contributed to decreased HR-QOL, but to a lesser extent. The motor score of the UPDRS (23. 8±11.8), Hoehn-Yahr stage(2. 0± 0.7), together with the rigidity score (4.4 ± 3.1), only accounted for 18.9 % (R2=0. 189) of the variance of SF-36 total score. The variables that most strongly predicted a low total SF-36 score were non-motor factors, particularly depressive symptoms, sleep disorders and fatigue. When the CES-D, FSS, and PSQI score were included in the model, the R2 increased from 0. 189 to 0.617, indicating that 61.7% of the variance in HR-QOL could be explained if additional CES-D, FSS and PSQI scores were known. Depressive symptoms, as measured by CES-D, had an overwhelming impact on HR-QOL. When CES-D score was included, the R2 change was 0.433, which indicated that additional 43.3% of the variability in HR-QOL could be explained by adding depressive symptoms. Conclusions PD has a substantial impact on HR-QOL, even if in its early stage. Depressive symptoms, sleep disorders and fatigue correlated strongly with lower quality of life. Depressive symptoms appeared to be the strongest determinant of HR-QOL in early PD patients. Every effort should be made to recognize and treat these conditions, thus improving all aspects of PD and giving these patients as good a quality of life as possible.

Objective To evaluate the performance of nested PCR in the detection of different fungi in paraffin wax embedded tissues. Methods Forty-four tissue samples were resected from rats infected with Fonsecaea monophora, patients with chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis or penicilliposis marneffei followed by preparation of paraffin wax embedded tissue sections for pathological examination and DNA extraction. Nested PCR was performed by using specific primers targeting the ribosomal DNA of Fonsecaea, Sporothrix and Penicillium marneffei, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR were analyzed and compared with those of pathological examination. Results The nested PCR showed positive results in 8 of 20 samples from rats with chromoblastomycosis, 7 of 10 samples from patients with sporotrichosis and all of the 10 samples from patients with penicilliposis marneffei, but not in the control samples. In the detection of Fonsecaea,Sporothrix schenki and Penicillium marneffei, the sensitivity was 40% ,70% and 100%, respectively, and the specificity was consistently 100%, for the nested PCR. Pathological examination revealed fungal elements in 95%, 70% and 80% of the corresponding samples, respectively. Conclusion Detection of fungal DNA in paraffin wax embedded tissue by nested PCR can be applied to the diagnosis of deep mycosis, especially to the diagnosis of penicilliposis marneffei.

Objective To investigate the prevalence,characteristics and risk factors of fatigue in a large cohort of subjects with early Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A total of 391 individuals with PD,recruited in Linzhi trial,were re-screened.Early,non-depressed subjects [Center for epidcmiological survey depression scale (CES-D)＜16]underwent further fatigue assessment.Subjects who scored＞4 on fatigue severity scale (FSS) were classified as fatigue.Motor symptoms and PD severity were assessed using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr scale.Other clinical measures,including sleep disorder by Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQ-Ⅰ),mental function by Alzheimer's Disease assessment scale-cognitive sections (ADAS-Cog) and quality of life by medical outcomes study short form 36 (SF- 36) were also evaluated.Results Among 204 subjects who completed fatigue measures,82 (40.2％) were classified as fatigue.The fatigue group had significantly more neurological impairment by higher scores on each subsets of UPDRS including mentation (P＜0.05),activities of daily living (P＜0.01) and motor (P＜0.01),while the subjects with fatigue had worse scores on SF-36 (P＜0.01).Multiple regression analyses showed that motor subset of UPDRS was the variable that had the predictive value for FSS score.The full model explained 6.4％ of the variance of the FSSscore (β=0.039,95％CI:0.019-0.059).However,other factors,including levodopa dosage,PSQ-Ⅰ,and ADAS-Cog score did not significantly contribute to the model.Conclusions Fatigue is a frequent symptom in carly,non-depressed patients with PD,affecting over 40％ of the patients in this cohort.The small correlation between fatigue and motor score,and the lack of association with dosage of dopaminergic treatment suggest that dopaminergic pathways might be only moderately involved in pathogenesis of fatigue.