AIM To observe the effects of the combination of heparinoid, aspirin and losartan on the experimental vascular intima hyperplasia induced by squeezing carotid artery in rats. METHODS Rats except the normal control group were under operation after two days oral administration once a day. At the second hour after injury, blood coagulation time(CT), time of arterial thrombus formation by electrical stimulus(ATFTES) and the level of TXB_2 in plasma were measured. At the fourteenth day after the surgery, the following indexes were examined: intima/media ratio, intima area ratio, PDGF-B and PCNA immunohistochemistry in carotid artery. RESULTS CT, TATFES increased and the level of TXB_2 decreased in the groups of Hep, Asp and Hep+Asp. The PDGF-B content, the positive ratio of PCNA and the inti- ma/media ratio also decreased in the groups of Hep, Asp, Los, Hep+Asp, Hep+Los and Asp+Los. Compared with single drug or two drugs combination, PDGF-B, positive ratio of PCNA, intima/media ratio and intima area ratio decreased significantly in the group of three drugs combination( P

Objective To evaluate the veracity and consistency of the results obtained from three automated hematology an-alyzers. Methods The reproducibility tests were used to assess the precision,the verification tests were exerted to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of test parameters(WBC,RBC,Hb,Hct and Plt) of the three hematology analyzers. According to the 1/2 standard of American Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA,88),the relative bias of the reference analyzer and other assessed analyzers were determined. Results The results obtained from the three analyzers showed ex-cellent precision and stability,the coefficients of variation (CV) were all less than 5%; compared with the results of LH750,the results of Gens 5diff and ACT-5diff showed excellent correlation,all coefficients of correlation(?) exceeded 0.975. The results of both RBC and Hct obtained from Gens 5diff and ACT-5diff exceeded allowable error; the results of WBC,Hb and Plt were in the allowable error range. Conclusion In the condition of the excellent precision and stability,system errors existed in the analyzer can be found by verification on time. Through being adjusted and calibrated,the hematology ana-lyzers can meet the requirements and these results are consistent.

Objective: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal biomechanics parameters measured by Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) and explore the factors that influence the repeatability. Methods: A diagnostic test study was performed.A total of 190 eyes in 95 myopia patients (34 males and 61 females) were enrolled from September to October 2017 in Henan Eye Hospital.All the subjects underwent 5 repeated examinations with the Corvis ST.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach α coefficients and repeatability coefficient (RC) were computed to evaluate repeatability of Corvis ST parameters.The multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the factors that affect the magnitude of the test-retest variability (within subject SD) of new Corvis ST parameters.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (HNEECKY-2019[5]), and written informed consent was obtained from each subject. Results: Among the 39 biomechanics parameters, The ICC and Cronbach α were greater than 0.75 for 26 parameters, within 0.60-0.75 for 4 parameters, and lower than 0.60 for deflection amplitude max time (DLAMT). The ICC and Cronbach α of DA ratio max[1 mm], DA ratio max [2 mm], max inverse radius, Ambrósio's relational thickness horizontal (ARTh), biomechanical intraocular pressure (bIOP), integrated radius, stiffness parameter applanation 1 (SPA1) and Corvis biomechanical index (CBI)were all above 0.920.The multivariate regression results indicated that the within subject SD of bIOP increased with the increase of IOP (β=0.210, P=0.010). The within subjects SD of DA Ratio Max [1 mm]decreased with the increase of central corneal thickness (CCT) (β=-0.218, P=0.008). The within subjects SD of DA Ratio Max [2 mm]decreased with the increase of CCT(β=-0.295, P<0.001). The within subject SD of CBI decreased with the increase of astigmatism, axial lengths and CCT (β=-0.190、-0.148、-0.428, all P<0.05). Conclusion The Corvis ST parameters showed favorable measurement repeatability in myopia patients, especially for the new parameters.Astigmatism, axial lengths and CCT significantly affected the repeatability of CBI.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with keratoconus, and to explore the factors influencing keratoconus severity.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 908 patients (1 476 eyes) with primary keratoconus were enrolled in Henan Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021.The medical history data of patients were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey.Refractive parameters were measured by subjective optometry.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by a non-contact tonometer, and corrected IOP was calculated by Dresden formula.Corneal topography parameters was obtained using Pentacam HR.The subgroup analysis of clinical characteristics of all patients was performed by age (<21 years, 21~<31 years, ≥31 years) and gender.Disease severity was graded based on steep keratometry (Ks), namely mild (Ks<48 D), moderate (48 D≤Ks<55 D) and severe (Ks≥55 D). The influencing factors of disease severity in keratoconus were analyzed by ordered Logistic regression.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2019[5]). All subjects or guardians were informed of the purpose and significance of the study and written informed consent was obtained.Results:Of the 908 patients, 622 were with bilateral keratoconus and 286 were with unilateral keratoconus.The median age of onset was 20(17, 26) years, and the median age of diagnosis was 21(18, 27) years.The ratio of males to females was 3.05∶1.There were 9.80%(89/908) of the patients having a history of allergy, 25.55%(232/908) having a history of other systemic diseases, and 1.98%(18/908) having a family history of keratoconus.Of the 1 476 affected eyes, 27.57%(407/1 476) were diagnosed as severe keratoconus, and 61.94%(568/917) had a history of eye rubbing.The medians of sphericity, cylindricity, IOP, corrected IOP, Ks, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior corneal surface elevation (AE) and posterior corneal surface elevation (PE) were -4.00(-7.00, -1.75)D, -3.50(-6.00, -1.50)D, 12.00(10.30, 13.80)mmHg, 15.40(13.60, 17.00)mmHg, 49.85(46.40, 54.90)D, 460.00(425.00, 490.00)μm, 21.00(13.00, 34.75)μm, 51.00(33.00, 75.00)μm, respectively.The spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP were lower and the cylindrical refraction was higher in patients at age <21 years than in patients at age 21~<31 years, and the TCT of patients at age <21 years was higher than that at age ≥31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Compared with female patients, male patients had younger onset age, lower spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP, as well as higher cylindrical refraction, AE and PE, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). The spherical refraction and IOP of male patients were lower than those of female patients at age <21 years, and the cylindrical refraction was higher in males than in females among the patients at age 21~<31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Among the patients with onset age <21 years and diagnosis age <21 years, the ratio of males to females in patients with severe keratoconus was higher than those with mild and moderate disease, and the difference was statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Older age of onset was a protective factor for disease severity in keratoconus (odds ratio=0.981, 95% confidence interval: 0.963~0.999). Conclusions:The younger the onset age of keratoconus patients, the more severe the disease.Among the patients with severe keratoconus, there were more male patients, and males have a younger onset age and severer conditions.It is suggested that early screening of keratoconus in children and adolescents should be strengthened in clinical work, and more active prevention and treatment measures should be taken for younger patients, especially males.

Objective:To understand the cognition and related factors on the use of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:The snowballing method was applied to recruit research subjects who were ≥18 years old, had sex with men in the past three months, and were aware of nPEP in MSM groups in Beijing, Shenzhen, and Kunming from March 15 to April 14, 2019. Data on social demographics, behavioral characteristics, basic knowledge of nPEP, consultation, and using nPEP were collected through "i guardian Platform". The logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the use of nPEP.Results:Among 1 809 investigated, 39.8% (720 persons) were aware of the basic knowledge of nPEP, 33.4% (605 persons) had consulted nPEP, and 15.0% (271 persons) had used nPEP. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors as whether to have sex with men infected with HIV in the last three months ( OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.64-4.07), the frequency of HIV testing in the past year ( OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.28-5.11), nPEP knowledge awareness ( OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.49-0.99), whether to consult nPEP ( OR=70.98, 95% CI: 40.51-136.83) were related to the use of nPEP. Conclusions:MSM still have poor cognition of nPEP. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of nPEP in MSM and promote the use of nPEP after HIV exposure as soon as possible.

(E)-Methyl-4-aryl-4-oxabut-2-enoate (YH-8) is a novel PKnB protein kinase inhibitor with good anti-tuberculosis activity. To evaluate its pharmacokinetics in rats, a sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC--MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of YH-8 in rat plasma for the first time. Samples were pre-treated using a liquid--liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and the chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column by gradient elution with methanol--water as the mobile phase. YH-8 was detected using a tandem mass spectrometer in positive selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Method validation revealed good linearity over the range of 1-500 ng/mL for YH-8 with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision of YH-8 assay in rat plasma samples were 2.0%-6.8%, with accuracy of the method being 100.69%-106.18%. Stability test showed that when spiked into rat plasma, YH-8 was stable for 12 h at room temperature, for up to 15 days at -70 °C, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. Extracted samples were found to be stable over 12 h in an auto-sampler. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of YH-8 in rats after oral administration at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg.