Objective To compare the performance of 2009 and 2010 reference standards of the United States Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in antimicrobial susceptibility for Enterobacteriaceae.Methods The breakpoints of susceptibility for ceftriaxone,ceftazidime and aztreonam in CLSI M100-S19(2009)were used to analyze results of antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli (308 isolates)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(194 isolates),as well as those revised in M100-S20(2010).Results With both the breakpoints in CLSI M100-S19(2009)and CLSI M100-S20(2010),proportions of antimicmbial resistance of ceftriaxone,ceftazidime and aztreonam for isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing E. coli were 84.2 percent vs.98.0 percent and 84.9 percent vs.98.0percent,respectively:those for isolates of ESBLs negative E. coli were 4.2 percent vs.7.7 percent and 5.6percent vs.8.4 percent,respectively;those for isolates of ESBLs positive Klebsiella spp.were 67.2 percent vs.90.2 percent and 67.2 percent vs.90.2 percent,respectively:and those for isolates of ESBLs negative Klebsiella spp.were 9.8 percent vs.10.6 percent and 10.6 percent vs.10.6 percent,respectively.Conclusions Proportions of antimicrobial resistance for ceftriaxone,ceftazidime and aztreonam with the rcference breakpeints of CLSI M100-S20(2010)increase to various extent,8.8 compared to those with the old ones in 2009.Compared with ESBLs negative isolates,ESBLs positive isolates are affected much more by the breakpeints of CLSI M100-S20(2010).Proportion of affected Klebsiella spp.by the revised breakpoints of CLSI M100-S20(2010)for ceftazidime and aztreonam is higher than that of E. coli with ESBLs positive.

Objective To investigate the incidence of six virulence determinants and two phenotypes in clinical strains of Enterococci.Methods PCR and dot blot were used to detect the six virulence determinants in 145 clinical isolates. The two phenotypes , including ?-hemolysis and gelatin hydrolyze ,were performed on agar plate containing 7% rabbit blood and Todd-Hewitt agar plate supplemented with 3% gelatin, respectively.Results In E. faecalis and E. faecium ,the rates of detection of the six virulence determinants were gelE72.9% vs 30.6%,efaA79.2% vs 36.7%,cylA54.2% vs 34.7%,esp34.4% vs 36.7%,agg 18.8% vs 0, ace28.1% vs 0, respectively; the ? hemolysis was 45.8% vs 20.4%,the gelatin hydrolyze was 35.4% vs 16.3%.Conclusions E. faecalis possess more virulence determinants and phenotypes than E. faecium do. The virulence determinants are more common among the strains isolated from urine sample than those from among sputum . Most of the E. faecalis carry virulence determinants of gelE,efaA and cylA .

It was shown that in the stricture on abdominal aorta (SAA) rat myocardiac hypertrophy model,the caudal blood pressure was increased,the wall of left ventricle was thichened, the proliferation of T cell in thymus and spleen was decreased and the content of IL-2 was less than normal. Acanthopanax giroldii polysaccharide (AGPS10mg/kg.d, sc) could harmonize the heightened blood pressure and increase the level of immunity in the body. It was suggested by the result, that AGPS could be used to strengthen the heart function as well as immunity.

Test on coagulation time,prothrombin time and platelet aggregation of mice and rats showed that all four species of Puhuang had effects on blood coagulation, in which Typha angustata Bory et Chaub. was the strongest followed by T. davidiana Hand. -Mazz., T. latifolia L,and T. angustifolia L. Their mechanism of coagulation were not the same,in which T. angustata Bory et Chaub. mainly acted on thrombogen,while T.davidiana Hand. -Mazz. mainly acted on platelet aggregation.

Objective To study the relationship of ampicillin resistance and?lactamase production, and gene mutation on pbp5 gene fragment in Enterococcus faecium. Methods?lactamase production was tested with nitrocefin, the pbp5 gene fragment of 57 isolates of ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (ARE. faecium) was amplified by PCR, the mutation of amplified pbp5 gene was detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP), the specific mutation types were confirmed by sequencing. Results?lactamase was negative in 57 isolates of ARE. faeciums; there were 3-6 gene mutation sites on pbp5 gene fragment, and the frequent mutation sites were the position 485 ,499 and 466'. Conclusion The gene mutation of pbp5 gene fragment may play an important role in the ARE. faecium.

Objective:To explore the relationship of life events and internet use in junior high school students.Methods:123 7th grade students were asked to complete the Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist,Internet Service Preference Questionnaire for Adolescence and Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale.Results:Students' life events scores were lower than the norm significantly;Junior high school students' life events positively correlate with pathological internet use,as well as with salience,tolerance,compulsion symptoms,social comfort,and negative outcomes subscales;Internet service preference closely correlates with pathological internet use;Subjective stress,social preference of internet can predict pathological internet use significantly.Conclusion:Pathological internet use is closely related to life events and social service.

Objective To investigate the significanceof both the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)and deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC)gene methylation in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods 245 patients with lung cancer and 150 patients with non-malignant lung disease patients and 40 healthy volunteers were drawn for the experiment.A methylation specific PCR (MSP)was used to detect the methylation status of APC and DCC in the peripheral blood.Results The posi-tive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer were 26.53% (65/245)and 36.33% (89/245),respectively.The positive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of patients with benign lung diseases were 2.67% (4/150),8.00%(12/150),respectively.The positive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were 0.There was a significant difference between patients with the lung cancer,those with the benign lung diseases and Healthy volunteers (P <0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer was respectively 52.65% and 89.33% by the combination of APC and DCC genes methylation. Comparing with the separate APC detection,sensitivity and specificity statistical differences were significant in joint meas-urement (P <0.01).Comparing with the separate DCC detection,sensitivity statistical differences were significant,but spe-cificity statistical differences was not obvious (P >0.05).There was no correlation between methylation test results and pa-tient gender,age,pathological type,pathological grade,TNM stage and so on (P >0.05).Conclusion APC and DCC gene methylation were closely related to the development of non-small cell lung cancer.They can be used as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.

Objective To observe the effect of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 on expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), so as to provide some evidence for clinical use of 1,25 (OH)_2D_3 on peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal inflammation. Methods RPMCs were isolated, cultured and passaged by enzymaticdisaggregation, then identified by phase contrast inverted microscope, transmission electron microscope with immunocytochemistry method. RPMCs were incubated with LPS (1,10,100 mg/L) and LPS (10 mg/L) for 2,6,12 hours, or stimulated by 1,25(OH)_2D_3 (10~(-8) mol/L, 10~(-7) mol/L, 10~(-6) mol/L) after incubated with LPS (10 mg/L) for 2 hours. RPMCs in the control group were justincubated with medium. Expression of VDR mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, ELISA was performed to investigate the changes of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in culture medium. Results Compared with control group, the expression of VDR mRNA and protein was decreased in LPS group (P<0.05). LPS could significantly induce the expression of TNF-a and TGF-β1 in RPMC (P <0.01), which could be partially reversed by different concentrations of 1,25 (OH)_2D_3 (P<0.01). Conclusions 1,25 (OH)_2D_3 can reverse the decrease of VDR mRNA and protein induced by LPS as well as the induction of TNF-a and TGF-β1 up-regulated by LPS in RPMC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Our research provides experimental evidence of VDR ameliorating peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal inflammation and peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To explore job satisfaction of nurses in the pediatric department and the influential factors.Methods Four hundred and fifty four nurses from children’s hospital in Guangzhou involved the study.The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form(MSQ20)was used to measure their satisfaction.Results The score on job satisfaction was 70.41±9.28,with the inner satisfaction(3.62±0.45),the extrinsic satisfaction(3.30±0.60)and general satisfaction(3.52±0.46).Salary was one of the important factors affecting job satisfaction.Conclusions The job satisfaction of the nurses of pediatric departments or hospitals can be improved by raising their salary level and benefits and improving their educational level.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of baicalin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after iv administration in rats.MethodsThe cerebral I/R rats were induced by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries of normal rats for 2 h,followed by reperfusion.The resultant animals were immediately iv administrated with baicalin (90 mg/kg),whilst the same dose of baicalin was injected to the normal rats.Plasma samples were collected at different time to construct pharmacokinetic profiles by plotting drug concentration vs time.Quantification of baicalin in rat plasma was achieved using a simple and rapid HPLC method.ResultsIn normal rats,the major parameters of distribution half-life,elimination half-life,area under the plasma concentration-time (AUC),apparent volume of distribution (Vd),and clearance (CL),estimated by an open two-compartmental model,were 0.8868 min,26.0968 min,149.6204 mg/min·L,4.765 L/kg,and 0.5776 L/kg·min),respectively.However,in I/R rats,the corresponding parameters were 2.084 min,34.4998 min,260.0188 μg.min/L,5.9376 L/kg,and 0.334 L/(kg·min),respectively.ConclusionThe cerebral I/R could significantly increase AUC and Vd values,decrease CL values,and prolong the terminal half-life of baicalin.These findings suggest that the injuries of I/R could play an important role in pharmacokinetic process ofbaicalin.