Objective To investigate the change of P2X7 receptor expression in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Twenty SD rats were randomized into 2 groups,control group and hypoxic-ischemic(HI) group.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of P2X7 receptor in cerebal cortex,subcortical white matter and hippocampus before and after hypoxia-ischemia.Results In comparison to the sham operation controls,a significant down-regulation of the P2X7 receptor protein was observed in ischemic cerebral cortex,subcortical white matter(P

Objective To develop new methods to cultivate, retrieve and purify oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Methods Primary OPCs were isolated from mixed glial cultures of newborn Sprague Dawley rat forebrains by using a selective detachment procedure, further purified by differential adhesion, and maintained in a chemical conditioned medium. The characteristic of OPCs was determined by both electrophysiological recording and immunostaining. Results Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that more than 90% of the isolated cells expressed the OPCs-specific marker NG2. OPCs exhibited a moderate input resistance, delayed rectifier K+ currents (IK) that could be antagonized partly by TEA-Cl and CsCl, small tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive Na+ currents that failed to generate typical action potentials. Conclusion Isolation and purification by selective detachment and differential adhesion procedure are effective to obtain highly purified OPCs. OPCs, distinct from neuron, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte or microglia, possess unique physiological properties.

Objective To observe the postnatal development and perinatal electrophysiological characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) in rats. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to determine the expression of NG2 OPC in cerebral cortex and hippocampus at various developmental stages of SD rats. Electrophysiological characteristics of OPC were also recorded in slices of 7-day rats. Results The majority of hippocampal and cerebral OPC exhibited stellate shape,a small cell body with a few processus. Total population of the NG2 immunopositive OPC was numerous at P7d in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. OPC expressed in adult rats with slightly more quantity. Moreover,OPC in hippocampus of P7d rats typically exhibited small inward sodium current and weak active responses,whereas only outward potassium current and inactive responses were recorded in white matter OPC of P7d rats. Conclusion Total population of OPC and relative optical density of NG2 are the highest in P7d rats at the postnatal developmental stages. OPC in cerebrum and hippocampus of P7d rats displays electrophysiological heterogeneity.

Objective To investigate the invasion ability and collagenolytic activity of human glioma cells in vitro.Methods Boyden chamber invasion assay was employed to evaluate the cell migration ability of human malignant glioma cell line U87MG in vitro and the effect of conditioned medium of U87MG cells on matrix collagenolytic activity was tested by agar-gelatin gel.Results The number of U87MG glioma cells migrating through the Matrigel-coated membrane was more than that of addition of EDTA or anti-MMP-2 antibody in U87MG glioma cells(P0.05).EDTA or anti-MMP-2 antibody markedly inhibited the number of the migrated cells,the inhibitory rates were 79.2% and 77.1%,respectively. The conditioned medium collected from the U87MG cells showed an increase in the transparent ring area on agar-gelatin gel.Inhibition of MMP-2 enzymatic activity by EDTA or anti-MMP-2 antibody reduced the transparent ring area on agar-gelatin gel.Conclusion Both invasion ability and collagenolytic activity of U87MG cells are depended on MMP-2,suggesting that MMP-2 plays an important role in glioma invasiveness.

The patient complained of recurrent sore throat for 2 years, who was diagnosed parapharyngeal abscess or tonsillitis for four times during June 16, 2012 to April 16, 2013. Special physical examination: left or right lateral pharyngeal wall is slightly elevated. Routine blood test showed increasing white blood cells and neutrophils. Oropharyngeal CT showed right lateral pharyngeal wall swelling and abscess formation? Repeated puncture showed no obvious purulent secretions. Symptoms were improved after anti-inflammatory treatment, but it recurrently happened later. Bilateral tonsillectomy was performed under general anesthesia on April 29, 2013. Pathological report (May 6, 2013) showed: (left) chronic tonsillitis with lymphoid hyperplasia; chronic inflammation in (right) tonsil tissue, and salivary gland tissue is also observed, considering as the hyperplasia of ectopic salivary gland tissue and interstitial lymphocytic oinfiltration.
Anesthesia, General ; Choristoma ; pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; pathology ; Pharyngitis ; etiology ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands ; Tonsillectomy ; Tonsillitis ; pathology

The acupoint selection was retrieved from the ancient and modern literature on the treatment of sub-healthy condition with acupuncture. The law of acupoint application was analyzed so as to provide a certain reference to the determination of acupoint prescription in clinical acupuncture. The ancient literature was retrieved from Chinese basic ancient literature database. The modern literature was retrieved from Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Ovid evidence-based medicine database, Chinese biomedical literature database, China journal full-text database, VIP journal full-text database and Wanfang database. The database mining software was adopted to explore the law of acupoint application in treatment of sub-healthy conditions with ancient and modern acupuncture. The acupoint use frequency, compatibility association rule, law for meridian use and the use regularity of specific points were analyzed. In the ancient treatment for sub-healthy condition, the top five commonly used acupoints are Shenmen (HT 7), Zhaohai (KI 6), Taibai (SP 3), Daling (PC 7) and Taixi (KI 3). The most commonly combined points are Zhangmen (LR 13), Taibai (SP 3) and Zhaohai (KI 6). The most commonly used meridians are the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin and liver meridian of foot-jueyin. The most commonly used specific points are the five-shu points. The most commonly used acupoints are located in the lower limbs. In the modern treatment, the top five commonly used acupoints are Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Baihui (GV 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Guanyuan (CV 4). The most commonly supplemented points are Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3). The most commonly used meridians are the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, the conception vessel and the governor vessel. The most commonly used specific points are the back-shu points. The most commonly used acupoints are located in the lower limbs. After the systematic comprehension of the relevant ancient and modern literature, the most commonly used acupoints are selected along the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, and the most commonly used specific points are the back-shu points, the five-shu points and the front-mu-points. the acupoints are mostly located in the lower limbs.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; Data Mining ; Databases, Bibliographic ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

Objective To make a clinical and mycological analysis of tinea capitis in Guangzhou region. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 241 cases of tinea capitis collected from Feb, 1997 to Aug, 2010 in the Department of Dermatology, Sun Yet-sen Memorial Hospital. Results Among the 241 cases, 179 (74.27%) were tinea alba, 34 (14.11%) tinea kerion, 28 (11.62%) black dot ringworm, and no favus was observed. The dominant pathogenic fungi in decreasing order were Microsporum canis (182,80.89%), Trichophyton violaceum (25, 11.11%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10, 4.44%), Trichophyton tonsurans (3, 1.33%), Trichophyton rubrum (2, 0.89%), Microsporum gypseum (2, 0.89%) and Trichophyton verrucosum (1, 0.44%). Children were the main population (39.00%) suffering from tinea capitis. Conclusions In Guangzhou region, tinea alba is the most common type of tinea capitis, Microsporum canis is the main causative pathogen, and children are the predominate population affected by tinea capitis.

Objective To observe the localization of NG2 positive cells and morphological character in the brain of adult rats. Methods Immunohistochemical method was applied to determine the expression of NG2 positive cells in the cerebrum cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, thalamencephalon and hypothalamus of adult rats. Image analysis program Image Pro Plus 5.0 was used to count the positive cells and for statistic analysis. Results NG2 positive cells were strongly expressed in multiple brain regions of adult rats, of which strongest signals were centralized in gray and white matter of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, thalamic subventricular zone and hypothalamic periventricular region. The NG2 positive cells were seen with abundant process arborization which bifurcated two or more times. The soma of NG2 positive cell displays a star-like morphology with different shapes in the gray and white matter of cerebrum cortex. Conclusion NG2 positive cells are numerous in adult rat brain and display the special glial with a stellate morphology.

Objective To investigate the effect of celastrol on space learning capability and expressions of beta-amyloid (Aβ) 40 and Aβ42 in hippocampus in APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mouse after partial hepatolobectomy.Methods The 3-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice (n =96) were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method.Surgery group (group S, partial hepatolobectomy;n =32), celastrol group (group C, injections of dimethyl sulphoxide/DMSO and celastrol for 3 days before undergoing partial hepatectomy, on the surgery day, and for a further 4 days after surgery;n =32), and DMSO group (group D, injections of DMSO for 3 days before undergoing partial hepatectomy, on the surgery day, and for a further 4 days after surgery;n =32).Eight mice were selected randomly in each group and were Morris-water maze trained for continuous 5 days.Theirs learning and memory abilities were evaluated at 1,3, 7 and 14 d after surgery, respectively.Hippocampus was collected and the changes of β40 and Aβ42 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time set in advance in each group.Results The average escape latency of group C was significantly shorter than groups S and D at 3, 7 and 14 d after partial hepatectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Times of passing through the platform groups S and D were significantly less than group C (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Aβ40/Aβ42 in group C were lower than group S and group D at 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after partial hepatectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Through decreasing the expressions of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in hippocampus,celastrol improves the space learning capability in APPswe/PS1dE9, the double transgenic mouse after partial hepatolobectomy.

Objective To investigate the adjuvant effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on patients with sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia. Methods A total of 229 patients with sepsis with platelet count less than 3 × 109/L, were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. The patients were divided into the intervening group and the control group. Conventional treatments were applied in the two both groups , while in the intervening group, intravenous immunoglobulin with a dose of 0.4 g/(kg·d) for 5 consecutive days was administered. The end-points were the platelet counts on day 1,day 3,day 5,and day 7 post-intravenous immunoglobulin, patients’ in-ICU time and the 28-day in-hospital mortality. Results Compared with the control group, the platelet count recovered dramatically after 5-day intravenous immunoglobulin in the intervening group. Moreover , the 28-day in-hospital mortality and in-ICU time were also dramatically improved in the intervening group. Conclusion Intravenous immunoglobulin can enhance the recovery of platelet counts , shorten the in-ICU time and reduce the hospital mortality in patients with sepsis- associated thrombocytopenia (PLT count < 30 × 109/L).