Objective To investigate and analyze the perioperative nursing of patients with breast cancer, and explore the effectiveness of the application of mind map in perioperative nursing care of patients with breast cancer. Methods The cluster sampling method was employed, and 265 patients with breast cancer receiving radical mastectomy treatment from department of general surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University were gathered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 137 cases were assigned to test group (May 2014 to April 2015), and 128 cases were assigned to control group (May 2013 to April 2014 ). Nursing work was improved by establishing research group, discussing the design of perioperative nursing mind map and applying mind maps. Effect was evaluated by evaluating the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with breast cancer, the quality of patient′s life and the patient′s satisfaction. Results The incidence of bleeding, seroma, flap necrosis, upper extremity swelling and other postoperative complications of patients with breast cancer in test group was 26.28%(36/128),and that in control group was 73.44%(94/137). The differences between the two groups were of statistical significance (χ2=58.891, P<0.01). The perioperative survival quality scores of physiology, society/family, emotions, function, additions and total in the test group were (2.43 ± 1.09), (2.64±0.97), (2.85±0.97), (2.43±1.09), (2.22±1.12),(2.34±1.13), and that in the control group were (1.89± 1.09), (1.89 ± 1.06), (1.78 ± 0.92), (1.89 ± 1.09), (1.76 ± 1.05), (2.00 ± 1.09)respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=4.664-10.829,P<0.01). The proportion of patient satisfaction in test group was 94.89%(130/137),and that in control group was 82.03%(105/128), respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2=10.900, P < 0.01). Conclusions Application of mind map in nursing intervention is able to help nurses to grasp the key content and direction of perioperative nursing on patients with breast cancer. More importantly, not only can it improved patients′quality of life and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, but also increases patients′satisfaction.

Aim To study the effects of Shenfu soup onthe ISO -induced myocardial ischemia injury model ofrats and the influence of apelin level changes on myocardial ischemia.Methods The myocardial ischemiainjury model of rats was established by the subcutaneous injection of ISO.For 1 5 days,rats in Shenfugroups were given by gavage 3,6 and 1 2 g · kg -1Shenfu soup and rats in SF injection group were given6.67 g·kg -1 Shenfu injection,rats in sham group andmodel group were given the same volume of distilledwater.Rats were subcutaneously multipoint injectedISO for 5 days on the eleventh administrating day.Theeffects of Shenfu soup on myocardial morphology,serum myocardial enzyme levels,apelin mRNA level inserum and apelin protein level in myocardial tissue,and relationship between myocardial enzyme and apelinexpression were evaluated. Results Shenfu soupcould reduce the degree of myocardial tissue necrosisand compared with model group,CK values and LDHvalues of rats in middleand highdose groups were significantly lower (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).However,the apelin mRNA level in myocardial tissue and apelinprotein level in serum of the rats in middleand highdose groups compared with model group had increased(P <0.05,P <0.01 ).Meanwhile,serum levels ofapelin and the expression of myocardial enzyme CK andLDH were negatively correlated.Conclusion Shenfusoup has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia injury in rats induced by ISO and the mechanism is involved with the promotion of apelin mRNA and proteinexpression,the inhibition of myocardial enzyme production and the improvement of myocardial ischemia.

Objective To synthesize novel gold nanoparticles of GAL-PEG-GNPs,study its radiation effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 cells in vitro,and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods GAL-PEG-GNPs were synthesized and characterized successfully.HepG2 cells were divided into three groups of control,GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs.The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested by the CCK-8 assay and their IC50 values of HepG2 cells were calculated.Cell uptake of nanoparticles was detected by TEM and ICP-MS.The radiosensitization effect of nanoparticles was tested by the colony formation assay.Cell cycle distribution was detected by FCM.The expressions of CAT,SOD,and total GSH were detected with a microplate reader,and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were tested by Western blot.Results The GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs had absorption peaks at 520 and 530 nm,respectively,and their diameters were (22.6-±2.12) and (32.0 ± 1.41) nm detected by ICP-MS.The GAL-PEG-GNPs and GNPs had similar cytotoxicity profiles (P ＞ 0.05),while GAL-PEG-GNPs could be more effectively uptaken by HepG2 cells than GNPs.The sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs to HepG2 cells were 1.46 和 1.95,respectively.The percentage of cells at phase of G2/M in HepG2 population treated with GNP was higher than that of untreated cells (t =14.20,P ＜0.05).The protein expressions of Cytochrome C,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 were upregulated while Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in the cells treated with GNPs/radiation or GAL-PEGGNPs/radiation.The expressions of CAT,SOD and total GSH in the GNP treated groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group(t =12.34,29.39,12.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GALPEG-GNPs has obvious radiosensitization effect on HepG2 cells,which is related to the induction of cell apoptosis and the generation of free radicals.

Objective To evaluate the value of left ventricular energy loss (EL) in the systolic left ventricular hemodynamic changes in hypertensive patients by ultrasonic flow vector imaging (VFM). Methods Ninty-eight hypertensive patients were divided into non left ventricular hypertrophy group (NLVH group) and left ventricular hypertrophy group (LVH group) according to the left ventricular mass index(LVMI).Thirty-one healthy adults were erolled as control group.The average total energy loss (EL-T),basal energy loss (EL-B),middle energy loss (EL-M) and apical energy loss (EL-A) of each isovolumic contraction phase,fast ejection phase and slow ejection phase were obtained by VFM,the difference among the three groups were compared.Results ①EL-T and EL-B in isovolumic phase,rapid ejection phase and slow ejection phase in NLVH group were higher than those in control group ( P <0.05 or P <0.01);EL-T,EL-B,EL-M and EL-A in isovolumic phase,rapid ejection phase and slow ejection phase in LVH group were all higher than those in control group ( P <0.05 or P <0.01);EL-M in isovolumic phase and rapid ejection phase,EL-T,EL-B,EL-M and EL-A in slow ejection phase in LVH group were higher than those in the NLVH group ( P <0.05 or P <0.01).② There was a positive correlation between EL-T and LVMI (r=0.311, P < 0.01),EL-B and LVMI ( r = 0.219, P < 0.05),EL-M and LVMI( r = 0.207, P <0.05),EL-T and LVEF( r = 0.340, P < 0.05),EL-B and LVEF( r = 0.367, P < 0.01) in isovolumic contraction phase.There was a positive correlation between EL-B and LVEF( r = 0.359, P < 0.01) in rapid ejection phase.There was a positive relation between EL-B and LVEF( r =0.352,P <0.05) in slow ejection phase.Conclusions The EL of systolic peroid in hypertensive patients increased,which suggests that the left ventricular hemodynamic changes abnormally,VFM can accurately evaluate the changes of hemodynamic during systole.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of protein and anthraquinone glucosides from cassia seed on serum lipid of hyperlipidemia rats.

METHODThe rat hyperlipidemia model was set up by ig lipid emulsion. The effects of the protein 0.25 and 1 mg.kg-1. d-1, the anthraquinone glucosides 5 and 20 mg.kg-1.d-1, and the protein 0.25 mg.kg-1.d-1 plus the anthracene glucosides 5 mg.kg-1.d-1 on total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in serum of the rats were determined.

RESULTThe protein 1 mg.kg-1.d-1, the anthraquinone glucosides 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 reduced the raised TC, TG, LDL-C of hyperlipidemia rats (P < 0.05). The above indexes could also be reduced by the protein 0.25 mg.kg-1.d-1 plus the anthraquinone glucosides 5 mg.kg-1.d-1(P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONProtein and anthraquinone glucosides from cassia seed can lower TC, TG, LDL-C of hyperlipidemia rats.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Hyperglycemia ; blood ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Plant Proteins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To establish a LC-MS-MS method for determining febuxostate in human plasma .Methods Febuxostate added into blank plasma was sedimented by acetonitrile , and the supernatant was determined by LC-MS-MS.Analytical column was Thermo Biobasic-8,5 μm,50 mm ×2.1 mm(ID).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.05%acid=70:30 at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min.Mass spectrum conditions:ESI-was performed in the SRM mode using target ions m/z 315→271 (10 eV)(febuxostate), m/z 360→274 (18 eV)(bezafibrate), SP 3 500 kV, SGP 10 Arb, AGP45 Arb, TEM 270℃.Results The calibration curve was linear over the range of 10-8 000 μg/L.The LLOQ of Febuxostate in plasma was 10 μg/L.The extracted recovery was >85%.The intra-and inter-day RSD were <15%.Conclusion The method was sensitive , simple and accurate to deter-minate febuxostate plasma concentration and to study pharmacokinetics of febuxostate .

OBJECTIVETo analysie the anthraquinones absorbed into serum by different animals (or human beings) after oral administration of Semen Cassiae.

METHODAnthraquinones in serum and urine of rats and urine of healthy men after taking Semen Cassiae orally were detected with HPLC.

RESULTOnly some of the anthraquinones were absorbed into serum. There were differences in absorption and metabolism of anthraquinones between rats and men and some new anthraquinones were produced in the process.

CONCLUSIONAnthraquinones absorbed into serum by the experimental animals or men should become target for researching into active compounds of anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; blood ; urine ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Species Specificity

The real-time and wireless mobile has become the trend of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system for atrial fibrillation (AF). At present, the ECG with multi-leads (12 leads) is needed by most of AF signal extraction algorithms in order to extract effective AF waves. However, it is not very convenient for patients' movements in a multi-lead ECG monitoring system. Although the traditional template matching method is for single-lead ECG extraction, it is less robust than blind source extraction algorithm, and is affected severely by noise. In view of this,we put forth a new real-time algorithm for extracting AF from the singlelead ECG, using non-stationary heartbeat series during AF to extend dimension (segmentation), and then applying a blind source extraction algorithm to extract the effective AF signal. Experiment results showed that this method could be used to extract AF signal effectively from a single-lead ECG data. Therefore, it is suitable to apply this method to Wireless Monitoring System using single-lead ECG.
Algorithms ; Atrial Fibrillation ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To evaluate the transmural myocardial strain in three specific layers of the left ventricle at the papillary muscle level in short-axis view in SD rats before and after doxorubicin administration usmg myocardial layer-specific strain imaging based on two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI),and to demonstrate the myocardial mechanical characteristics of doxorubicininduced early-stage acute cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods Thirty-two SD male rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into a doxorubicin group (DOX group,n=16) and a control group (n=16).In the doxorubicin group,doxorubicin hydrochloride (concentration,2 mg/ml) was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 12 mg/kg,while the control group was given equal volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.LVEDD,LVESD,IVSd,LVPWd,FS,and LVEF were measured and derived using two-dimensional gray-scale echocardiography at the left ventricular papillary muscle level in short-axis view at three time points (before administration and 24 and 48 hours after administration).The circumferential strain in the subendocardium,medium,and subepicardium at the left ventricular papillary muscle level in short-axis view were obtained using ultrasonic 2D-STI.The values of FS,LVEF,and the global myocardial circumferential strain in different layers of the left ventricular wall at the papillary muscle level in short axis view at three time points were compared between the two groups.After echocardiographic examinations at 48 h and 72 h,the hearts of three rats in each group were randomly selected,sliced,and HE-stained for myocardial pathological observation.Results In both groups,there was a circumferential strain gradient of the left ventricular wall at the papillary muscle level in the short-axis view:subendocardium ＞ medium ＞ epicardial myocardium.In the DOX group,the circumferential strain in the subendocardial myocardium decreased at 48 hours after DOX administration;the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (-25.13± 10.6 vs -17.04± 2.89,t=2.3,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in myocardial circumference strain in the three layers,as well as LVEDD,LVESD,IVS,LVPW,FS,or LVEF at three time points between the control group and DOX group (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes were mainly myocardial cell edema,vascular degeneration,myocardial nucleus atrophy,dissolution,interstitial edema,and capillary dilatation in the doxorubicin group,which were especially obvious in subendocardial cardiomyocytes.Conclusion 2D-STI technology based layer-specific strain imaging could be used to detect and quantitatively evaluate the deformation damage of the transmural left ventricular wall in SD rats.

Objective To evaluate the changes of left ventricular structure and cardiac function in patients after video-assisted thoracic pneumonectomy by ultrasonic vector flow mapping (VFM) and quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic value of left ventricular flow energy loss(EL) for pneumonectomy patients with impaired cardiac function.Methods Thirty-six pneumonectomy patients were selected as case group and 30 health cases as control group.The echocardiographic parameters were acquired and left ventricular volume,left atrial volume and parameters of left diastolic founction were routinely measured.The EL of the left ventricularat early diastole and late diastole under the VFM mode were acquired.Results ①Left ventricular volume and left atrial volume comparsion:there was no significant difference in left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejective fraction(LVEF),and left atrial end diastolic volume(LAVd) between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05);left atrial end systolic volume(LAVs) and left atrial emptying volume(LAVe) in case group were mild lower than control group(P ＜0.05).②Comparsion of diastolic function parameters:E,A,E/e and HR of case group were significant higher than those in control group (all P ＜0.05),EDT and E/A ratio in case group were significant lower than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05),there was no significant difference of IVRT between two groups (P ＞0.05).③Comparison of EL at early diastole:only ELTB and ELAM had mild difference between case group and control group (all P ＜0.05).④Comparison of EL at late diastolic:EL of entirety and each segment of left ventricle of case group increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions VFM can quantitatively evaluate the left ventricular flow characteristics after video assisted thoracic pneumonectomy,and the increase in EL may reflect the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients after pneumonectomy.