Accreditation of professional titles is a work with which all professionals are prevailingly concerned. In review of the accreditation work since the professional title reform, it has been thought that the Central Professional Title Reform Offices regulations on service seniority and the widely used accreditation methods at present have some drawbacks. Further reform of professional title accreditation is imperative.

Objective To investigate the postoperative complications of pregnant women with two cesarean section.Methods Clinical data of 543 cases of pregnant women with two cesarean section (group A) were retrospective analyzed,and at the same period two spontaneous vaginal delivery in 963 cases(group B),225 cases of pregnant women with the first cesarean delivery add second vaginal delivery(group C) were analyed in contrast.The postoperative close,long-term complications of three different delivery way were censused.Results (1) Postoperative complications:141 cases(26％) in group A,29 cases(3％) ingroup B,27 cases (12％)in group C,and three complications occurrence rate had significant difference (x2 =182.711,29.712,43.040,all P ＜ 0.05).(2) The complications of postpartum bleeding,pelvic adhesions in group A were significantly higher than those of C group(all P ＜0.05) ;And the close complications of postpartum hemorrhage,infection of incision,postpartum fever and the long-term complications of chronic pelvic inflammation,pelvic adhesion in group A,C were significantly higher than those in group B (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The cesarean section is traumatic,which can significantly increase maternal intraoperative,postoperative complications.Clinicians should avoid no indications of cesarean section,reduce the cesarean section rate;For secondary pregnancy after cesarean section,vaginal delivery can be given under the strict observation.

Separating the appraisement and engagement of professional titles,an important task in the reform of the personnel system,renders the appraisement of professional titles more objective and fair,thus avoiding the influence of man-made factors in the appraisement of professional titles within an institution.However,there have appeared such problems as high passing rates and great pressure with regard to engagement.Thus the appraisement of professional titles is in need of reform.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of intravenous fentanyl combined with scalp nerve block with ropivacaine on the hemodynamic response to skin incision during craniotomy.Methods43 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients scheduled for selective frontotemporal craniotomy were randomly assigned into 3 groups: the isoflurane group(group I,n=14), the fentanyl group (group F, n=15) and the fentanyl-ropivacaine group (group B, n=14 ).Anesthetic induction was performed with IV remifentanil 2 μg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1mg/kg. Group F received fentanyl 3 μg/kg 5 min before skin incision .Group B received the same doses of fentanyl prior to skin incision as well as scalp nerve block with 1% ropivacaine before induction. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The "up and down" method was used to determine MAC-BAR in each group.ResultsThe end-tidal isoflurane concentration blocking sympathetic response to incision in group I, F and B were 2.0%,1.8%,1.0% respectively.The MAC-BAR of group I, F and B were 1.7 MAC,1.55 MAC,0.8 MAC respectively. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration blocking sympathetic response to incision and MAC-BAR of group B decreased obviously compared with that of group I and F(P<0.05).ConclusionIntravenous fentanyl combined with scalp nerve block with ropivacaine can successfully reduce the hemodynamic response to skin incision.

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of scalp nerve block for attenuating intraoperative hemodynamic stress, decreasing anesthetics and postoperative pain in neurosurgical patients.Methods60 adult patients undergoing frontotemporal craniotomies were randomly divided into three groups to receive scalp nerve block with normal saline as control in group A, 0.8% lidocaine combined with 0.13 % menthol in group B, and 1% ropivacaine in group C after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was controlled within-20%～+10% of the baseline with isoflurane (maximum limitation of isoflurane was 2 times of minimal alveolar air concentration) and intravenous nicardipine (0.5 mg bolus iv). Heart rate was controlled below 100 bpm with esmolol (50 mg bolus iv). Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with tramadol was used for the postoperative analgesia. MAP, heart rate (HR) and end tidal isoflurane concentration were monitored during craniotomy. Visual analogous score (VAS) was observed after craniotomy.ResultsThe concentrations of end-tidal isoflurane in group A were significantly higher than that in group B and group C. MAP and HR in group A increased significantly than baseline values during operation, especially in skin incision, opening bone,while MAP and HR in group C did not increased significantly than baseline. VAS within 2 h postoperative in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05).ConclusionThe scalp nerve block can effectively decrease intraoperative isoflurane concentration, attenuate hemodynamic responses and reduce postoperative pain.

Objective:To evaluate the value of DSA in diagnosis of intestinal vascular malformation.Methods:The clinical and DSA characters in 8 patients with small intestinal malformation were analyzed.There were 6 males and 2 females.All patients were underwent selective and supper selective superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric or colic artery angiographies.Results:The clinical fectures:1)the main sympton is acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding;(2)the results of conventional examination were generally negative;(3)the hemoglobin was dropped down to 4～6 g/ml in a short period.DSA feactures included:(1)artery-vein fistula;(2)markedly stainning in local small intestinal walls;(3)abnormal hyperplasia and distubance of small vessels.Conclusion:DSA is the most valuable method in diognosis of atute intestinal bleeding.

Ectopic human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is an autocrine hormone expressed by most malignant tumor cells. Increasing data recently showed that the expression pattern and biological properties of ectopic hCG was significantly different from that of the normal hCG secreted by trophoblastic cells. Evidence from different research groups strongly indicated that there was a direct relationship between the expression of ectopic hCG and the development of malignant tumor. Ectopic hCG may play a key role in regulation of tumor growth,metastasis and immune tolerance versus malignant tumor. The advances in the research of the molecular biologic characteristics and functions of ectopic hCG are reviewed and evaluated. [

Objective:To study the effect of phillyrin on immune function in mice treated with cyclophosphamide.Methods: Mice model of immunosuppression was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide,the mice in the experimental group received phillyrin with 50,100 and 150 mg/kg doses by gavage.While model group and control group received normal salin,all treatments continued 7 d.The thymus and spleen organ coefficients was measured by conventional methods.The phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages was measured by FITC microspheres.The levels of IL-2,IL-4 and cAMP in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA.The effects of different doses of phillyrin on the above indexes were analyzed in immunosuppressed mice.Results: A mice model of immunosuppression was established after 7 d,the results showed that the immune organ index,phagocytic capacity of macrophages and the level of immune factors in serum could be improved,and the content of cAMP in peripheral blood lymphocytes was decreased in different degree by phillyrin.Conclusion: Phillyrin has the function of immune regulation,which can resist the immunosuppression of cyclophosphamide.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between osmolarity, cell volume and cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT method was applied to detect the proliferation ability of the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) under various osmolarity conditions. The flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Cell volume was obtained by the image analysis of living cells and cell viability was determined by the trypan blue assay. RESULTS: Cultivation of cells under the hypertonic conditions of 370 and 440 mOsmol/L increased cell volume by 8.7% and 27.8% and facilitated cell proliferation by 22.2% and 33.9%, respectively. However, hypotonic incubation of cells with osmolarity of 160 and 230 mOsmol/L decreased cell volume by 12.8% and 4.1% and inhibited cell proliferation by 34.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Cell volume was positively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Long-term cultivation of cells under anisotonic conditions did not significantly alter cell cycle distribution, but hypotonic cultivation decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION: Proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was closely correlated with the osmolarity of culture medium and cell volume. Hypotonic cultivation may inhibit cell proliferation by decreasing cell volume to facilitate cell death mechanisms.

AIM: To study the relationship between multidrug-resistance (MDR1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the volume-activated chloride current. METHODS:The volume-activated chloride current in bovine non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells was recorded using a whole cell recording technique. An antisense technique was used to inhibit the expression of MDR1 gene. The immunofluorescence of P-gp was monitored with a real-time laser confocal microscope.RESULTS:P-gp immunofluorescence correlated negatively with the concentration of the human MDR1 antisense oligonucleotide. The antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the volume-activated chloride current specifically and partially. The latency of activation of the current increased and the peak current decreased. The percentage of inhibition of peak current correlated positively to the concentration of the antisense oligonucleotide( r =0.99, P