Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.

Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.

Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.

Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlations between the medicinal parts， habitats， tissue， components， and medicinal properties （natures， tastes， and effects） of 100 aquatic Chinese medicinal plants， thus providing evidence for the relationship between image and analogy and laying a theoretical foundation for the clinical use and development of aquatic Chinese medicinal plant resources. MethodThe Aquatic Plants of China， Flora of China， and related literature were searched， and a total of 100 aquatic Chinese medicinal plants included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）， Chinese Materia Medica， National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines， Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica， and local standards were screened out. The medicine-taxonomic status-life habit associations and nature-component-traditional Chinese medicine classification-pharmacological effect associations were analyzed respectively. ResultThe aquatic Chinese medicinal plants mostly had a cold nature， bitter， pungent， and sweet tastes， and tropism to the liver meridian. The whole plant or aerial part was mainly used for medicinal purposes， and these plants generally had well developed aerenchyma. These plants mainly contained flavonoids， alkaloids， and volatile oils and had the effects of clearing heat， detoxifying， and promoting urination. ConclusionThere are correlations between the medicinal parts， habitats， tissue， components， medicinal properties， and effects of aquatic Chinese medicinal plants， which provide reference for the development and utilization of aquatic Chinese medicinal plant resources.

ObjectiveTo make statistics on the biological characteristics， medicinal parts， chemical components， and other aspects of thorny medicinal plants and systematically analyze the correlations between their natures， tastes， and meridian tropism， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application and resource development of these plants. MethodThe Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition） and the processing standards of various provinces and cities and other related documents were reviewed， on the basis of which 46 species of thorny medicinal plants were selected. The natures， tastes， meridian tropism， medicinal parts， chemical components， pharmacological activities， and geographical distribution of these plants were summarized and analyzed in Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 26.0. ResultThe 46 species of thorny medicinal plants belonged to 25 families， 1 class， 1 phylum of 1 kingdom. In terms of the location of thorns， the frequency of these medicinal plants followed the trend of leaf thorns>peel thorns>branch thorns>fruit thorns. In terms of the nature， taste， and meridian tropism， the frequency of these plants was in the orders of warm>plain>cold>cool>hot， bitter>sweet>pungent>sour>salty， and liver>lung>spleen=large intestine>heart>kidney， respectively. In terms of the medicinal parts， the frequency followed the trend of roots and rhizomes>fruits>whole plants>flowers>leaves. The thorny medicinal plants were mainly distributed in north and southwest China. The thorny medicinal plants mainly contained flavonoids， alkaloids， and saponins and had the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying， resolving stasis and eliminating carbuncle， moving Qi and relieving pain， and alleviating edema and expelling pus. Moreover， 24 of them had anti-tumor activity. ConclusionMost of the thorny medicinal plants belong to Compositae， Leguminosae， and Rosaceae， have leaf thorns， a warm nature， a bitter taste， tropism to the liver meridian， and roots as the medicinal part. These plants are mainly distributed in north China， with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying， resolving stasis and eliminating carbuncle. In summary， the thorn location， distribution， and medicinal parts of thorny medicinal plants are correlated with the natures， tastes， and meridian tropism. The findings provide clues for the development and utilization of these plants.

Objective: To investigate the current status of milk tea consumption and its association with psychological distress among college students, so as to provide theoretial support for promoting the mental health of college students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 15 440 college students aged 17-24 from seven universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Shanxi. A self designed questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to assess milk tea consumption and psychological distress, respectively. The Mantel-Haenszel test was employed to analyze the trend of psychological distress at different levels of milk tea consumption. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between milk tea consumption and psychological distress, and the restricted cubic spline method was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between milk tea consumption and symptoms of psychological distress. Results: The detection rate of psychological distress among college students was 59.6%. Univariate analysis indicated a significant trend association between milk tea consumption frequency ( χ 2 trend =42.33) and milk tea intake level ( χ 2 trend = 5.17 ) with psychological distress ( P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression models showed a positive association between different levels of milk tea consumption frequency and psychological distress [1-3 times (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.20,1.41), 4-5 times (mild to severe distress, OR =2.80,5.44,4.12), and ≥6 times (severe distress, OR =8.04); and milk tea intake level: 1-1 500 mL (severe distress, OR =1.35), >1 500- <3 000 mL (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.21, 1.35), ≥3 000 mL (mild to severe distress, OR =1.33,1.71,1.29)] ( P <0.05 ). The restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear association between milk tea intake and the risk of psychological distress ( F = 107.34 , P non linear <0.01, P overall <0.01). Conclusions High frequency and high volume milk tea consumption are associated with an increased risk of psychological distress among college students. Reducing the consumption behavior of college students milk tea is helpful to improve mental health.

Objective To investigate the physiological characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti) with double mutations of cwlE and sigK genes and to assess the activity of Bti against larvae of Culex pipiens pallens under different external factors, so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the use of engineered bacteria of Bti for effective mosquito control. Methods B. thuringiensis wild-type strain Bt-59 and Bt-59 strain with cwlE mutation [Bt-59 (ΔcwlE)] were cultured in nutrient broth media for 24 hours, and Bt-59 strains with sigK mutation [Bt-59 (ΔsigK)] and double mutations of cwlE and sigK [Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK)] were cultured in nutrient broth media for 48 hours. Then, 5 μL of culture media were transferred to glass sides, and cell morphology and mother cell lysis were observed under an optical microscope. The optical densities of Bti strain culture media were measured at different time points of culture, and the growth curves of Bt-59, Bt-59 (ΔcwlE), Bt-59 (ΔsigK), and Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strains were plotted. The differences in carbon source metabolism of four Bti strains were analyzed using the Biolog microplate culture method, and the metabolic activity of these strains was estimated with average well color development (AWCD). The fermentation media of these four Bti strains were diluted into final concentrations of 2.000, 1.000, 0.500, 0.250, and 0.125 μL/L, and the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ values) of these four strains against the third instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens were determined. In addition, the fermentation media of Bti strains were processed as follows: pH adjusted to 5, 7 and 9; treated at 30, 40 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 12 hours; and exposed to irradiation with ultraviolet lights for 0 hour and 6 hours. Then, 20 third instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens were exposed to the above processed fermentation media at a final concentration of 1 μL/L in 200 mL of water at 26 ℃ for 24 hours, and the mosquito mortality was estimated to evaluate the effects of pH, temperature and ultraviolet irradiation on the larvicidal activity of four Bti strains. Results The growth curves of the Bt-59 strain and its mutants shared a similar changing trend, and both experienced a stable phase 6 hours post-culture. Both spores and crystal proteins were found in Bt-59 and Bt-59 (ΔcwlE) cells, and only crystal proteins were found in Bt-59 (ΔsigK) and Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) cells. No lysis was found in the cell wall of the Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strain, and the crystal protein was embedded in the mother cell. Biolog microplate culture assay showed that the AWCD values of four Bti strains showed a similar changing trend over time, and 33 carbon sources were found to be metabolized by all of the four strains, including dextrin, D-maltose and D-trehalose. The LC50 values of the fermentation media of Bt-59, Bt-59 (ΔcwlE), Bt-59 (ΔsigK), and Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strains were 0.60, 0.51, 0.70 μL/L and 0.72 μL/L against Cx. pipiens pallens, respectively. The adjusted mortality of larval Cx. pipiens pallens reduced by 76.60%, 76.00%, 66.67%, and 0 following exposure to the fermentation media of Bt-59, Bt-59 (ΔcwlE), Bt-59 (ΔsigK), and Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strains at a pH of 5 relative to at a pH of 7, and the adjusted mortality reduced by 49.02%, 51.06%, 36.36%, and 4.44% following 6-hour exposure to ultraviolet irradiation relative to 0-hour exposure, while the adjusted mortality was 68.33% to 83.33% following treatment with the fermentation media of four Bti strains at different temperatures. Conclusions Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strains do not generate spores, and the absence of cwlE and sigK does not affect the growth, carbon source metabolism, and larvicidal activity of Bti strains against larval Cx. pipiens pallens. Cell wall embedding of Bt-59 (ΔcwlE-sigK) strains may protect larvicidal crystal proteins of Bti strains from external environmental factors, including ultraviolet irradiation, and pH alteration.

AIM:The paper is to explore a rapid and simple method for the culture of mouse primary thyroid cells.METHODS:Mouse thyroid cells were isolated by enzyme digestion and cultured with improved medium,and their morphology,characteristics and secretory function were observed within 14 d.RESULTS:In the cultures,the active pri-mary cells were obtained from the thyroid tissue after digestion for 25 min;adherent growth was observed on the 2nd day.And secondary follicles appeared from the 5th to 7th day.Over 95%cells were detected with thyroglobulin.The secretion of total triiodothyronine and total thyroxine maintains over 60%in 7 d.The expression levels of specific genes can still maintain more than 50%in 10 d.CONCLUSION:Mouse thyroid primary cells can be rapidly cultured by this method,and the cells can be used for studying thyroid endocrine secretion within 7 d and studying thyroid genes within 10 d.