OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contents about drug use for children in the package inserts.METHODS: 351 package inserts were randomly sampled for the analysis of the contents and limitations about drug use for children.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the incomplete medication items,management of which should be strengthened.

Objective To study the diagnosis and management of renal artery stenosis in kidney transplants. Methods 8 cases of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) were reviewed and studied . Results Color-flow Doppler has been helpful in the diagnoses for 5 of the 8 cases with a specificity of 78% and a positive predictive value of 62.5%. 7 patients underwent PTRA and have been cured of the renal stenosis in a short term. On follow up for 3～12 months, the creatinine was 186.2～121.3 ?mol/L; 1 patient underwent nephrectomy. Conclusions TRAS should be considered when ever there is hypertension of unknown cause, a sudden reduce of urine volume and on increase of creatinine after kidney transplantation. Color-flow Doppler is indicated for the screening of TRAS whereas PTRA is the procedure of first choice for the management.

0.05). In group B,the serum creatinine levels of cases treated with ulinastatin at 1,3,7,10 and 14 days after renal transplantation were (372.6? 128.1 ),(278.4?38.9),(145.9? 47.2 ),(133.2?39.8),(128.0?30.6)?mol/L,respectively;the values of controls were (496.3?125.6),(364.7?60.2),(196.2?36.8),(161.4?41.5),(149.8? 33.5 )?mol/L,respectively ( P

Objective To summarize the modified clinical technique and experience of simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplantation (SKPT) with enteric drainage(ED). Methods Two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease underwent SKPT with enteric drainage of exocrine secretions.The patients were treated with quadruple therapy including antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction therapy,prednisone,FK506,and Mycophenolate-Mofetil(MMF), as maintenance immunosuppression. Results The two patients became insulin-independent after treated by small dose insulin for 5～10 days and Scr,BUN became normal 3～5 days after the operation.Until now all the grafts of the patients functioned well. Conclusions ED-SKPT is more effective than simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplantation with bladder drainage (BD-SKPT).ED-SKPT is an effective method for treating type Ⅰdiabetes mellitus with uremia.Finer allograft and nicer HLA-typing can decrease complications.

Objective To explore the preliminary experience of combined liver-kidney transplantation.Methods Twelve patients were subjected to combined liver-kidney transplantation. The orthotopic liver transplantation was preceded with the classic fashion in 8 patients and the piggyback fashion in 4 patients. The pump-driven veuovenoas bypass technique was not used. And then the kidney transplantation was performed under stable homodynamic circumstance. The renal graft was implanted to the right iliac fossa routinely. The renal vein was anastomosed to the external iliac rein end-to-side, and the renal artery to the external iliac artery end-to-side or the hypogastric artery end-to-end. After operation, anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody or antithymocyte globulin (ATG), tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone were used to prevent the allograft rejection.Results The survival rate of the 12 cases receiving combined liver-kidney transplantation was 100 %, and the graft function was restored well postoperation. An acute rejection episode of liver occurred in one patient. The FK506 toxicity occurred in one patient. The hemorrhage of digestive tract occurred in one recipient and the hemorrhage of peritoneal cavity in one patient. The pneumonia occurred in one case and the peritoneal infection in one patient. No patient experienced any episode of acute rejection of renal allograft.Conclusions The combined liver-kidney transplantation is the ideal option of patients with end-stage liver disease with chronic renal failure.

This study is aiming to establish an efficient metabolite extraction method for exploration of molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica using a metabolomics approach. The extracts of metabolite in B. hygrometrica using methanol solution (method A) and methanol-chloroform-water solution (method B) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total numbers of chromatographic peaks, extraction efficiency, retention time and the peak stability were compared. The results showed that for fresh materials, the total chromatographic peak number of method B is more than that of method A; the extraction efficiency of nine representative metabolites by method B is higher than that by method A; the comparison of 10 random chromatographic peaks revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the retention time are less than 1% for both methods, whereas the RSD values of the extraction efficiency is different. The percentage of peaks that owned RSD values of the extraction efficiency higher than 10% is 50% for method A and 100% for method B. In addition, method B was also efficient for dry materials from B. hygrometrica. The number of chromatographic peaks, RSD value of retention time and extraction efficiency of dry materials was similar to that of fresh materials using method B, but decreased sharply using method A. Putting together, our study provided evidence that method B is an efficient extraction method for further analysis of metabolites from this resurrection species.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chloroform ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Methanol ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solvents

Objective To study corrective method for displacement in the procedure of electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy dose valuation by studying the relative mechanical displacement of different vendor EPID (aS1000,Varian; aS500,Varian; iViewGT,Elekta).Methods A 5 cm × 5 cm field was set up to acquire portal images for three kinds of EPID,then a in house software was used to analysis the portal images.The relative displacement was acquired via analyzing a series of comparation between center positions of gantry angle ranging from 0° to 360° and gantry angle at 0°.Results In the lateral direction,the maximum relative displacement of EPID with aS1000,S500 and iViewGT were (-0.23 ±0.17) mm,(2.94±0.17) mm and (0.35 ±0.09) mm,respectively.In the longitude direction,the displacements were (-4.16 ± 0.20) mm,(-4.15 ± 0.25) mm and (-1.66 ±0.11) mm,respectively.As to longitude direction,the displacements could be well fitted with the usage of quadruplicate empiric function.Conclusions There is a significant difference at the aspect of relative displacement between different vendors EPID at different gantry angles.And the displacement in the longitude direction is obviously larger than in the lateral direction.The relative displacement should be corrected when applying EPID to the intensity-modulated radiotherapy dose verification at different gantry angles.

Objective To optimize preparation of freeze-dried 16-dehydropregnenolone (16-DHP) liposome and evalu-ate the quality. Methods The freeze-dried liposome was prepared by rotary-evaporated film-ultrasonication with lyophilization. Single factor experiments and orthogonal design were used to optimize the prescription and preparation,and the quality was evalua-ted. Results The optimum preparation technics were as follows: the concentration of PC-98T was 6. 5% (W/ V), the quantity ratio of PC-98T to cholesteryl sodium sulfate salt was 4∶1,hydration temperature was 60 ℃ , ultrasonic time was 2 min,and the cryoprotectant was 7. 5% glucose. The average particle size, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were (121. 3±48. 7) nm,-41. 9 mV and (98. 7±0. 1)% , respectively. Conclusion The formulation of freeze-dried 16-DHP liposome is reasonable, the technology is practicable and stable.

Objective To study the performance verification of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the Johnson Vitros 5 .1 FS bio‐chemical analyzer .Methods According to CLSI instrumentation evaluation standard and referring to the validation scheme provided by the Johnson company ,the precision ,accuracy ,linear range of LDH ,maximum dilution degree ,biological reference range were verified .Results The LDH intra‐batch and inter‐batch precision experiments were≤3 .30% ;the accuracy experiment≤4 .00% ;the determination coefficient of the linear experiment was 0 .997 2 ;the LDH maximum dilution degree was 8 times with saline solution dilution;the biological reference range experiment verified that the reference range 313-618 U/L provided by the VITROS Meth‐odology Manual could be quote .Conclusion The performance verification of LDH detected by the Johnson Vitros 5 .1 FS biochemi‐cal analyzer basically conforms to the requirements of the quality objectives and manufacturer′s instructions ,and meets the needs of clinical test .

Objective In order to explore the ways of reflecting the dose distribution in the implementation of the of IMRT (intensity modulated radiation therapy),a 2D diode array (2D-DA) was used in verifying the composite dose distribution of IMRT plans in the way of multi-gantry-angle composite (MGAC).Methods IMRT quality assure (QA) plans of 27 patients,based on the 2D-DA and solid water phantom,were designed and verified in two ways of single-gantry-angle composite (SGAC) and MGAC verifications.The comparison and analyzation of the dose distributions of the TPS calculation and the measurement of the 2D-DA were done.Results (1) When the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of SGAC and MGAC planar dose distribution of 27 patients'IMRT plan were 94.56%±4.28% and 94.81%±3.80% (the criteria:rvalue,3 ram/3%),respectively.There was no statistical difference between the results of two sets (t =-0.213,P＞0.05).(2) When one of the beam central axes was superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of MGAC planar dose distribution were 79.72%±12.77%.Conclusions Using the 2D-DA with a proper phantom,there was no statistical difference in the SGAC and MGAC verifications of IMRT plans when the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane.However,the MGAC dose distribution can provide more about the clinical dosimetry,and the errors in the implementation of the of IMRT were easier located.