Obiective To detect the carotid-femoral pulse wave veloeity(CF-PWV) and evaluate relation in pulse pressure (PP) and pulse wave velocity ('PWV), and prove the effect of dynamic error analysis system on pulse wave velocity measure. Methods 486 cases with essential hypertension were detected with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. The dynamic error was controlled in three kinds of condition: 15%>error>10%, 10%>error>5% and 5%>error, which PWV values were tested repeatedly with the effect of different errors observed. At the same time the blood pressure was measured and the pulse pressure was calculated. Results The pulse wave velocity which pulse pressure ≥60mm Hg (1mm Hg=0.133 kPa) was significantly higher than pulse pressure <60turn Hg [(14.2± 2.34)m/s and (8.5±1.81)m/s, P<0.001] . Pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure and age showed a significant positive correlation (pulse pressure r=0.529, P=0.000; age r= 0.331 P=0.003).When dynamic error is more than 10% and less than 15%, the diversity of PWV values showed the significance of statistics. Conclusion The effect of dynamic error analysis system on pulse wave velocity measure, less error test pattern is advantageous to enhance accuracy. The pulse pressure is closely related to pulse wave velocity. Arterial pulse wave velocity is a new evaluation of the indicators of arterial stiffness, and it's more scientific, accurate and eonvenient.

The morphology of the extraglandular and intraglandular portions of the adrenal veins and other veins concerned with the catheterization in adrenal venography was observed on 53 adult cadavers.The extraglandnlar portion of both adrenal veins is of single trunk type on all the specimens. The left adrenal vein consistently ends into the left renal vein while the right adrenal vein ends into the inferior vena cava in 83.02% of cases and into the right accessory hepatic vein in 9.43%.The length and diameter of the extraglandular portion of the left adrenal vein are 23.05?5.96 mm and 4.99?0.82 mm and those of the right adrenal vein are 8.73?5.13 mm and 2.93 ? 0.87 mm. The angle formed by the left adrenal and left renal veins is 117.35?11.95? and that formed by right adrenal vein and inferior vena cava is 47.5?14.58?.The distances from the femoral vein(lower margin of inguinal ligment)through the external and common iliac veins and inferior vena cava to the hila of both adrenal glands were measured. They may be used as references in performing adrenal venography.The intraglandular portion of the adrenal veins is of three types: single, double and triple trunk types. The single trunk type is the most common occurring in 86% of the left adrenal veins and 50% of the right veins. The triple trunk type exists only on the right side.In addition, the feasibilities and difficulties of the catheterization of the both adrenal veins were discussed according to the anatomy studied.

Objective: To assess trends of β-blocker use within 24h of admission in ideal candidates with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in eastern urban China from 2001 to 2011. Method: A 2-stage random sampling design was performed. In the first stage, a simple random-sampling was used to identify participating hospitals. In the second stage, a systematic sampling was conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2011 to select cases from the participating hospitals. Data was obtained by central medical record abstraction. 10-year trend and predictors of early β-blocker application were assessed with weighted calculation for each year to represent the overall situation of eastern urban China. Results: 35 hospitals were sampled and 32 of them were finally participated. With necessary exclusion, 1399 ideal candidates were included in this analysis. The early weighted β-blocker application rates in 2001, 2006 and 2011 were 64.7%, 69.7%, and 60.9% respectively, P=0.0447 for trend. Patients with chest pain at admission (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.19-4.13), higher systolic blood pressure (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.11-1.77) or faster heart rate (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.58-2.55) were more likely to use β-blocker; in contrast, compared with NSTEMI patients, STEMI patients seemed less likely to receive such treatment (OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.81). Conclusion: The early β-blocker therapy in eastern urban China is suboptimal for ideal AMI patients who could benefit from it. The application pattern has not been changed from 2001 to 2011 which might be related to physicians' misunderstanding of relevant evidence or guidelines. Our study may help to create an important target to improve the quality of AMI care.

Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and resistance in orthopedic patients with wound infections in the hospital in 2014 .Methods The bacteria identification and the antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted by VITEK‐2 compact automatic system .Results A total of 864 pathogenic strains were collected ,with Gram‐positive bacteria 451 strains (52 .2% ) , Gram‐negative bacteria 398 strains(46 .1% ) .The first major pathogens of Gram‐positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(n=233 ,27% );The top three pathogens of Gram‐negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=94 ,10 .9% ) ,Enterobacter cloacae (n=63 ,7 .3% ) ,Acinetobacter baumannii(n=58 ,6 .7% ) .All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin , tigecycline ,nitrofuratoin ,quinupristin/dalfopristin ,linezolid .The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii were higher than 50%to multiple antibiotics .Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus were predominant pathogens in orthopedic patients with wound infec‐tions in our hospital .Meantime ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae were the prime pathogens in the Gram‐negative bacteria .The drug‐resistance situation is still severe ,and more effective measures should be taken to control the dissemination and growth of resistant strains .

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To study the expression of adhesion molecule glycoprotein(CD_(44)) in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(NS) and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of CD_(44) in peripheral blood was detected in 28 children with NS by flow cytometry,controlled by 20 cases of healthy children.Results The CD_(44) expression level of NS in active stage was significantly higher than that of the control(P

Objective To observe the curative effect, safety and patient's satisfaction degree of combining compound betamethasone with anisodamine injection in the blocking treatment of eyebrow alopecia areata.Methods A total of 66 cases were randomly divined into two groups: patients were treated by compound betamethasone ( group A) and combining compound betamethasone with anisodamine ( group B). The drugs were injected from the middle of eyebrow alopecia areata to two sides by the standard of 0. 2 ml/cm2 in both groups one time a month. The curative effect of the all cases were observed at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment. The safety of them were evaluated based on incidence rate of the side effect and their satisfactory degree were evaluated based on subjective reception 3 months after treatment. Results The effective rates in the group B were 58.82 %, 73.53 % and 88.23 % by turns at 1,2 and 3 months after treatment, and those in the group A were 31.25 %, 53.13 % and 71.88 %, respectively. The curative effect in the group B was better than that in the group A (P ＜ 0. 05), and the incidence rate of side effect in the group B was similar to that in the group A (P＞0.05) and the patient's satisfaction degree in group B was better than that in group A (P ＜0. 05) 3months after treatment. Conclusion The compound betamethasone combined with anisodamine injection in the treatment of eyebrow alopecia areata has superior curative efficacy, more safety and higher satisfactory degree in the patients.

Objective: To explore the application and affecting factors of clopidogrel loading therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in china in 2006 and 2011. Methods: Based on “China patient-centered evaluative assessment of cardiac events retrospective study of acute myocardial infarction”, we collected clinical information of STEMI patients with PCI in 2006, 2011 and analyzed clopidogrel loading therapy status in different years and different hospitals. According to clopidogrel doses, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Clopidogrel 300mg group, the patients received a single dose of clopidogrel ≥300mg while <450mg and Clopidogrel 600mg group, the patients received a single dose of clopidogrel ≥450mg while ≤600mg. The relevant factors affecting clopidogrel loading therapy status were identiifed by binary Logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 2481 eligible patients were enrolled and their mean age was (60.9 ± 12.0) years including 21.4%female. From 2006 to 2011, the overall application of clopidogrel loading was (51.0% vs 47.4%), the ratio for patients in Clopidogrel 300mg group was (43.1% vs 39.2%), in Clopidogrel 600mg group was (7.8% vs 8.2%), allP>0.05. In 2006, the hospital median rate of clopidogerl application was 44.4% (IQR 21.8% to 69.0%) and in 2011, it was 48.1% (IQR 25.0% to 70.8%),P=0.940. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the patients were admitted within 12 hours of onset, with primary PCI and treated in central region had the higher rates of clopidogrel loading therapy. Conclusion: Clopidogrel loading therapy was seriously inadequate in STEMI patients with PCI, variation was across hospitals and the status was similar between 2006 and 2011. Clopidogrel loading therapy should be improved.

Objective: To assess the trends in clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for hospitalized patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in central-western urban hospitals of China in 2001, 2006 and 2011. Methods: We used a 2-stage, random sampling strategy to create a Chinese central-western urban hospital representative sample of 2152 patients undergoing PCI at 26 hospitals in China PEACE- retrospective CathPCI study and calculated the weighted data of clinical information in each year. Results: Between 2001 and 2011, the admission rate for PCI increased by 46 folds. Compared with 2001, the patients undergoing PCI were more likely to be female, older than 80 years, and to have history of diabetes, dyslipidemia and PCI in 2011. The proportion of trans-radial PCIs increased from 3.5% in 2001 to 87.6% in 2011 (Ptrend < 0.0001); the proportion of drug eluting stents (DES) among all the implanted stents increased from 16.4% in 2001 to 95.7% in 2011 (Ptrend < 0.0001), largely due to increased use of domestic DES. Less than 5% of medical record of admission for PCI documented door time and balloon time. The median length of stay decreased from 13 days in 2001 to 10 days in 2011 (Ptrend < 0.0001). In-hospital mortality did not change signiifcantly, but both any bleeding and access bleeding events were decreased signiifcantly over time (Ptrend < 0.05). Conclusion: There has been a rapid increase in the volume and significant change in treatment patterns of PCI over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011 in Chinese central-western urban hospitals. We identiifed quality gaps that represent opportunities to improve medical care.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inherent characteristics of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) and other vibrios and their relationship.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequence analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and average linkage cluster analysis were used to study 3 isolates of V. cholerae strains O139, three isolates O1 biotype El Tor, four isolates O1 biotype classical and 3 other vibrios.

RESULTSV. cholerae O139 contained the genomic sequences of ctx A2-B as well as V. cholerae O1. V. cholerae and others vibrios were divided into 4 groups by fingerprint patterns of RAPD, that is (1) V. cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O1 El Tor; (2) V. cholerae O1 classical; (3) V. paraheamolyticus and V. vulnificus and (4) V. flluvialis. V. cholerae O139 DNA fingerprint of RAPD was consistent with the El Tor biotype: average linkage cluster distance was 0, and slightly different from the classical biotype, with a distance of 2.07. It was much more different from vibrio paraheamolyticus and others, with a distance of 6.76 - 8.54.

CONCLUSIONV. cholerae and other vibrios are polymorphic in inherent characteristics. The inherent characteristics of V. cholerae O139 are the same as El Tor biotype. O139 may have evolved from the El Tor biotype. The inherent characteristics of vibrio paraheamolyticus are the same as vibrio vulnificus.

DNA, Bacterial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Vibrio ; genetics ; Vibrio cholerae ; genetics