FU Shan, the famous doctor of Qing dynasty, had features in diagnosing and treating vomiting. His therapeutic experiences were recorded in his book Fuqingzhu Nvke. From his book we can see that he is treating vomiting basically from kidney and heart, associated by regulating the functions of spleen and stomach, calming the liver and harmonizing somach, and supplementing qi and blood.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are incretin-based drugs for type 2diabetes.In recent years,it has been proven in clinical practices that GLP-1 receptor agonists have protection effect beyond anti-hyperglycemic effects,such as improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).The cogent evaluation,understanding,and exploration of therapeutic effect and mechanism of GLP-1 receptor agonists in NAFLD are important.Besides,it would be of great significance to identify pathogenesis of diabetes,its correlation with NAFLD,and the development of new drugs.This article briefly reviews the therapeutic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the postoperative complications of pregnant women with two cesarean section.Methods Clinical data of 543 cases of pregnant women with two cesarean section (group A) were retrospective analyzed,and at the same period two spontaneous vaginal delivery in 963 cases(group B),225 cases of pregnant women with the first cesarean delivery add second vaginal delivery(group C) were analyed in contrast.The postoperative close,long-term complications of three different delivery way were censused.Results (1) Postoperative complications:141 cases(26％) in group A,29 cases(3％) ingroup B,27 cases (12％)in group C,and three complications occurrence rate had significant difference (x2 =182.711,29.712,43.040,all P ＜ 0.05).(2) The complications of postpartum bleeding,pelvic adhesions in group A were significantly higher than those of C group(all P ＜0.05) ;And the close complications of postpartum hemorrhage,infection of incision,postpartum fever and the long-term complications of chronic pelvic inflammation,pelvic adhesion in group A,C were significantly higher than those in group B (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The cesarean section is traumatic,which can significantly increase maternal intraoperative,postoperative complications.Clinicians should avoid no indications of cesarean section,reduce the cesarean section rate;For secondary pregnancy after cesarean section,vaginal delivery can be given under the strict observation.

[Summary] The characteristic feature of glucose profiles is high postprandial plasma glucose in Chinese T2DM patients. IDF Guideline recommends that T2DM patients whose postprandial plasma glucose cannot beadequately controlled by oral antidiabetic drugs ,should combine premixed insulin for treatment. Containing 50% insulin formulation for rapid action and 50% that for intermediate action ,mid‐ratio premix insulin analogues show exceptional characteristic of pharmacokinetics ,are able to efficiently improve high postprandial plasma glucose ,and ,with the route of administration flexible and convenience , can enhance patient compliance. Mid‐ratio premix insulin analogues can be one of the optimal option for T2DM treatment.

Objective: To rationally reduce the fees and improve the development of large public hospitals. Methods: Analyze the relationship among the fees, hospital economic activity and medical treatment price mechanism in large public hospitals based on resource dependence theory. Results: Price control can not effectively control the costs. Conclusion: Medical price mechanism reform should in the direction of medical system reform, avoid the “quantity success” in large public hospitals, strive for patients with basic medical health institutions; then it should adequately embodies the value of technical work value of medical project and stimulates the initiative of the doctor.

Cadmium is one of the toxic heavy metals prevalent in the environment.Long-term,even the lowest dose,exposures to this element can damage various organs including the kidney,liver,lung,skeleton,and might elevate the risk of cancer and deformity.The kidney,skeleton and lung are the tissues most affected by chronic cadmium toxicity.The early sign of renal dysfunction,as a main target for chronic cadmium exposure,is tubular dysfunction,and renal failure can be observed in the terminal stage.In recent years,studies about the burden of cadmium in childhood and health damage are gradually increased.Urinary β2-microglobulin,e1-microglobulin and N-acetyl 3-D-glucosamidase have been employed as markers monitoring for the early phase of cadmium exposure and nephrotoxicity.A biomarker named kidney injury molecule-1 aslo has been used for predicting cadmium-induced tubular impairment.It is reported that kidney injury molecule-1 may be more sensitive than traditional biomarkers.

Accreditation of professional titles is a work with which all professionals are prevailingly concerned. In review of the accreditation work since the professional title reform, it has been thought that the Central Professional Title Reform Offices regulations on service seniority and the widely used accreditation methods at present have some drawbacks. Further reform of professional title accreditation is imperative.

Objective To establish an in vitro vascular calcification model of bovine aortic smooth muscle cell(BASMC) induced by ?-glycerophosphate.Methods: Primary BASMCs were obtained by the explant method.The cells after 4～8 passages were incubated in the medium containing(10 mmol/L) ?-glycerophosphate for 10 days to induce calcification.Calcification were observed in cultures by Alizarin Red S and Von Kossa stain and transmission electron microscopy.Meanwhile,calcium deposition,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of cell layer and osteocalcin(OC) in culture supernatant were measured.Results After 10 days,extensive calcium deposition was detected by Von Kossa and alizarin red S stain and transmission electron microscopy.?-glycerophosphate increased calcium deposition in a time-dependent manner,ALP activity and OC concentration were higher than that of uncalcified controls at various time points(P

Objective To explore the curative effect of oral rehydration salts treating orthostatic hypotension in children. Methods 80 children with orthostatic hypotension collected in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were given oral rehydration salts, the heart rate, blood pressure, and record dizziness were observed after two weeks treatment. Results 36 children in 80 were markedly improved after treatment, accounted for 45.0%, 37 children were valid, accounted for 46.2%, 7 children were invalid, accounted for 8.8%. The total effective rate was 91.2%. The number of dizziness, dizziness, nausea vomiting, blurred vision, palpitate discomfort after treatment were less than before treatment. Tilt table test began in 3 minutes, 7 minutes,heart rates, systolic blood pressures were decreased signiifcantly before and after treatment(P<0.05). Tilt table test began in 3 minutes, 7 minutes,diastolic blood pressure were decreased signiifcantly before treatment(P<0.05), not after treatment. Conclusion Oral rehydration salts can obviously increase diastolic blood pressure and improve the upright intolerance symptoms in orthostatic hypotension children.

Many clinical trails demonstrated that statin drugs is very effective in the management of atherosclerotic vascular disease,statin drugs can reduce the incidence of the major adverse outcomes of death,heart attack,and stroke.The benefit of statins was due to the lowering of low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol levels,but there is still much uncertainty in many patient subsets.Nowadays the question is what level of LDL-C is the best for the patients who have a high risk of cardiovascular disease,and how can we do about intensive statin therapy.More evidence is necessary to clarify if current treatment guidelines and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals are optimal for all patients within different risk category.