Objective To assess the effect of pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions on Chinese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods In this 3 year prospective study, 321 subjects aged above 25 years with IGT were included. IGT was defined by 1985 WHO criteria utilizing a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The subjects were divided into control (C), diet plus exercise (D+E), Acarbose (Glucobay, A) and Metformin (M) groups. The subjects in the group D+E underwent an individually designed diet and exercise program, the importance of which was reiterated annually. The group C only received conventional education on diabetes prevention. The two pharmacological groups were orally given Acarbose (50 mg, t.i.d) and Metformin (0.25 g, t.i.d) respectively. OGTT, weight, height, blood pressure, lipids were measured yearly during the follow up. The t test, Chi square test and proportional hazard regression analysis were used to analyze the risk reduction in diabetes conversion from each group. Results The baseline data of 4 groups had no statistical differences. By the end of study, both the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the 2h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) in group C elevated (FPG from 6.02 mmol/L to 6.59 mmol/L, 2hPG from 8.83 mmol/L to 9.13 mmol/L), and the annual diabetes incidence was 11.6%. The corresponding changes in group D+E were FPG from 6.11 mmol/L to 6.21 mmol/L, PG2h from 9.28 mmol/L to 8.98 mmol/L, and 8.2% of annual diabetes incidence. In contrast, both the FPGandthe2hPG significantly decreased in group A (FPG from 6.03 mmol/L to 5.47 mmol/L, 2hPG from 8.34 mmol/L to 7.21 mmol/L)andingroup M (FPG from 6.01 mmol/L to 5.85 mmol/L, 2hPG from 9.05 mmol/L to 7.92 mmol/L). Theannualdiabetesincidencedecreasedto2.0% in group A, and 4.1% in group M. Proportional hazard regression analysis showd that the annual diabetes incidence was positively correlated with the baseline 2hPG and body mass index (OR=1.33, P=0.006 and OR=1.11, P=0.008, respectively), and negatively correlated with group C and group M (OR=0.12, P=0.0001 and OR=0.23, P=0.0002, respectively). Conclusion Thenaturaldiabetesincidenceis 11.6% in IGT population, and 8.2% in population with conventional diet and exercise interventions, between them there is no significant difference. The pharmacological interventions with Acarbose or Metformin significantly decrease diabetes incidence of IGT population.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of anisodamine on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in swine ventricular myocardium after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.Methods The experiment was conducted on healthy pigs, and they were randomly divided into three groups, namely sham group, epinephrine group (control group) and anisodamine group (experimental group, animals were resuscitated combined with injection of 0.4 mg/kg of anisodamine), with 5 pigs in each group. Model of ventricular fibrillation was reproduced by alternating current challenge, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed 8 minutes after cardiac arrest. Left ventricular myocardium was harvested at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The expression and distribution of Cx43 were observed by immunofluorescence, Cx43 mRNA expression was assessed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein expressions of Cx43 and phosphorylation of Cx43 (p-Cx43) were analyzed by Western Blot.Results The positive expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle was distributed uniformly, mostly at the end-to-end linkage of myocardial cells, with a few side-to-side linkage in sham group. The positive expression of Cx43 in control group was significantly weaker than that in the sham group, and the signal intensity was significantly declined (4.35±2.10 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.01). The positive expression of Cx43 at the end-to-end linkage and side-to-side linkage was irregular in experimental group, and the signal intensity was obviously higher than that in the control group (7.91±2.54 vs. 4.35±2.10,P< 0.05), but it was significantly weaker than that in the sham group (7.91±2.54 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.05). For control group and experimental group, the Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower than those of the sham group [Cx43 mRNA (A value): 0.32±0.05, 0.32±0.03 vs. 0.48±0.07; Cx43 protein (A value): 0.43±0.03, 0.50±0.07 vs. 0.65±0.04, allP< 0.01], and there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group (allP> 0.05). The p-Cx43 protein expression of control group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (A value: 0.22±0.03 vs. 0.37±0.06,P< 0.01), and it was significantly higher in the experiment group than that in the control group (A value: 0.29±0.07 vs. 0.22±0.03, P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference with the sham group (P> 0.05). No significant difference in p-Cx43/Cx43 was found among sham, control, and experiment groups (0.57±0.09, 0.51±0.05, 0.58±0.06, all P> 0.05).ConclusionAnisodamine can improve the abnormal expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle of pigs with cardiac arrest, which may be related to the protection effect of anisodamine on cardiac conduction.

Objective To observe the effect of silencing Snail gene on the invasion and proliferation ability of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1.Methods Lentiviral vectors that can express small hairpin RNA(shRNA) targeting human Snail gene(shRNA-Snail) or shRNA sequence that did not match any known mRNA(shRNA-NC) were constructed,and transfected into PANC1 cells.Untransfected cells served as control.mRNA and protein expression of Snail,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin was determined by real time quantitative PCR and Western blotting,respectively.In vitro invasion ability was tested by Transwell model.Proliferation ability was measured by CCK-8 assay.Results Compared with those in shRNA-NC group,Snail mRNA (0.27 ± 0.02 vs 0.92 ± 0.03) and protein level (0.26 ± 0.02 vs 0.80 ± 0.02),and α-SMA mRNA (0.33 ±0.04 vs 0.97 ±0.07) and protein level (0.31 ±0.04 vs 0.74 ±0.06) in shRNA-Snail group were obviously decreased,but E-cadherin mRNA (1.57 ± 0.45 vs 0.95 ± 0.08) and protein level (0.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.03) were greatly increased.The number of cells permeating the septum of transwell [(6.80 ± 0.73)/400 magnification vs (26.80 ± 2.52)/400 magnification,P ＜0.01] was significantly decreased,and cell proliferation was inhibited (0.74 ± 0.05 vs 1.47 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).All the differences above were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).No significant differences were observed between shRNA-NC and normal control group.Conclusions Silencing Snail gene may restrain the invasion and proliferation ability of PANC1 cells to a certain degree.

Objective To observe the expressions of OPN, COX-2 and CyclinD1 in breast infiltrating carcinoma and evaluate their relationships with clinic pathological features. Methods Expression of the above three indexes were detected from 70 breast cancinoma patients by immunohistochemistry. The relationships among them and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of OPN were 78.8% in cases (≤45 years old) and 73.0% in cases (> 45 years old); the positive expression rates were 79.3%(tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm) and 73.2% (tumor diameter > 3 cm); the positive expression rates were 77.8%, 73.8% and 78.9% in cases ofⅠgrade, Ⅱgrade and Ⅲ respectively, the positive rates had no statistical significances(P > 0.05). The expression rates of OPN in cases of breast infiltrating carcinoma without and with axillary node metastasis were 62.5% and 93.3%, in cases at stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ and Ⅲ ~Ⅳ were, 68.0% and 95.0% respectively, the positive rates had statistical significances(P < 0.05). The expression of OPN was negatively correlated with ER and PR while positively correlated with CerbB2, COX-2 and CyclinD1. Conclusions OPN plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma coordinated with COX-2 and CyclinD1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and medical cost of different revascularization strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. From January 2009 to June 2012, patients with AMI and MVD undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to group A [staged PCI for non-infarction related artery (non-IRA) within 7-10 days after AMI] and group B (subsequent PCI for non-IRA recommended only for those with evidence of ischemia). All of patients were given optimized medical therapy according to clinical guideline, and they were followed up for 24 months at regular intervals. Major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) including recurrence of myocardial infarction and death due to cardiac ailments were recorded. Meanwhile, re-hospitalization from cardiac causes, recurrence of angina, heart failure, and re-PCI, number of stents, total hospital stay days, and total medical expenditure were recorded.Results A total of 428 patients accomplished the 24-month follow up. All the patients underwgennt PCI for non-IRA in group A (215 patients), while 62 patients in group B (213 patients) undergone PCI for myocardial ischemia, and 51 patients received non-IRA treatment. There was no significant difference in MACE incidence between group A and group B [8.4% (18/215) vs. 10.8% (23/213),χ2= 0.727,P = 0.394]. The difference of death rate due to cardiac causes (5.1% vs. 6.6%), recurrence of myocardial infarction (4.2% vs. 6.6%), and heart failure (4.2% vs. 7.0%) were not significantly different between groups A and B (allP> 0.05). The rate of recurrence of angina (14.4 % vs. 32.9%), re-hospitalization from cardiac causes (14.4% vs. 33.8%), and re-treatment of implanting stents (12.6% vs. 29.1%) were significantly lower in group A than group B (allP< 0.01), and the rate of revascularization was significantly higher in group A than group B (10.7% vs. 5.2%,P< 0.05). The total number of stents (610 vs. 366), mean number of stents per patient (2.83±0.91 vs. 1.72±0.91,t = 12.725,P = 0.000), and total cost per patient (kRMB: 63.7±12.6 vs. 51.5±12.3,t = 10.107,P = 0.000) in group A were significantly higher than those in group B. Total hospital stay days in group A was significantly less than group B (days: 8.21±2.45 vs. 9.89±3.23, t = 6.071,P = 0.000). Because non-IRA-vascular reconstruction rate was low in group B, the rate of usingβ-blocker and anti-anginal agents during the 24-month follow up in group B was significantly higher than group A [59.2% (126/213) vs. 47.0% (101/215),χ2= 6.371,P = 0.012; 56.3% (112/213) vs. 17.6% (36/215),χ2 = 64.704,P = 0.000]. Conclusions In patients with AMI and MVD undergone emergency PCI, staged PCI within 7-10 days for non-IRA cannot decrease the incidence of myocardial infarction and death due to cardiac causes, recurrence of angina and rehospitalization for cardiac causes was diminished, and it may increase the number of stents and medical cost significantly.

Objective To establish a BALB/c mouse model of total hysterectomy and to investigate and analyze its characteristics and formation mechanism. Methods The control group was fed conventionally without any treatment. The mice in the model group were anesthetized and performed hysterectomy. The animals in the sham-operated group had abdominal cavity opened and only exposing the uterus. The changes of body weight were observed dynamically,and at the end of the fourth weeks. The concentration of serum estradiol was determined and histological structure of the ovaries was examined. Results The general status of all the mice after operation was good without obvious inflammation, and the incision healed completely. There was no significant difference in the body weight before operation among the mice, whereas the weight of model group mice was higher than the control group and sham-operation group at the end of the second,third and forth weeks(P< 0.05). The estradiol contents of the model group was significantly lower than that in control group and sham operation group(P< 0.01). The histological structure of ovaries in the control group and sham-operation group was normal,however the model group showed differences,such as irregular shape of the ovaries,changed number of mature follicles, loosely distributed granulosa cells, and apoptosis. Conclusions The mouse model of total hysterectomy established in our study can well simulate the clinical manifestations of ovarian dysfunction after operation, and is an ideal model for the study of complications after ovariectomy and screening of drugs.

In recent years, infectious pathogens have received sustained attention because of their serious impact on the world′s health and socio-economic infrastructure. The existing common detection methods lack a certain sensitivity and specificity, the process is tedious, and they rely on more expensive auxiliary instruments and equipment. On the other hand, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) has been widely used in the monitoring of infectious diseases due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid programmable characteristics, and has shown important potential significance in the research of new biosensors in nucleic acid detection. This paper describes the functional mechanism of Cas protein commonly used in CRISPR/Cas system, summarizes the latest research progress of new biosensor technology based on CRISPR/Cas system in the field of infectious disease detection, and looks forward to the technical problems to be solved and the future development direction. With more research advancement, more types of biosensing platforms based on CRISPR/Cas system are expected to be developed, paving the way for the application of POCT in the field of rapid pathogen detection.

Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA, Beijing Version) was chosen as cognition assessment implement. 63 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were chosen to form a research group, and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal cognitive function served as a control group. It was found that atherosclerosis played an important role in the pathogenesis of MCI in type 2diabetes, therefore, early prevention and management of atherosclerosis may help to improve the cognitive function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of maslinic acid preconditioning against injuries of rat cortical neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).

METHODSThe cortical neurons were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat embryos at 15-17 days of gestation for primary culture. The cortical neurons were incubated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 micro;mol/L) of maslinic acid prior to OGD. The cell damage and viability were evaluated for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and using MTT assay, respectively, and the expression of Bax protein was detected using Western blotting.

RESULTSOGD significantly increased LDH release rate and decreased the viability of the cells. After preconditioning with maslinic acid (1 and 10 micro;mol/L), LDH leakage rate was decreased and cell the viability increased in cells exposed to OGD. Western blotting showed that Bax expression in the cells decreased as maslinic acid concentrations increased.

CONCLUSIONPretreatment with maslinic acid can protect cultured embryonic rat cortical neurons against OGD-induced injury possibly in relation to decreased expression of Bax.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Glucose ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of Castleman's disease (CD) of the abdomen and pelvis.Methods The clinical data of 51 cases of abdomen and pelvis CD were analyzed retrospectively from Jan 2007 to Oct 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Patients were divided into two groups according to the different clinical classifications:Localized CD (n =42) and Multicentric CD (n =9).Results 32 cases of LCD were asymptomatic (76％),others accompanied by abdominal or waist pain,abdominal distention.The main pathological type was hyaline vascular (93％),which can be cured by surgical treatment (41/42).MCD always accompanied by multiple superficial and deep lymph node enlargement in the whole body.Most of them suffered from anemia,fever,weight loss and dyspnea.CRP increased,hypoproteinemia,globulin increased,neutropenia were found.The main pathological type was plasma cell type (56％).There were no progress in 3 cases,and 6 cases were on remission after operation.Conclusion The diagnosis of abdomen and pelvis CD depends on pathological examination.LCD clinical symptoms are mild and good prognosis after surgery.However,MCD clinical manifestations are complex,and relatively poor prognosis after comprehensive treatment.