Objective To determine the causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia (CAP and HAP) in type 2 diabetes in Fujian Provincial Hospital. Methods The data of becteria spectrum and their drug susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by pulmonary infection were retrospectively analyzed in January 1995 to October 2006. Results The isolated bacteria of sputum culture of 494 cases included 73 gram-positive cocci(16.7%),139 gram negative bacilli(31.9%)and 224 fungus(51.4%).G+ cocci mainly included staphylococci,G-bacilli mainly included Klebsiella pneumoniae,Bowman immovability bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In both CAP and HAP,fungus and G- bacilli were the dominant pathogens.The pathogenic bacteria were resistant to multi-antibiotics,and the resistant rates from HAP patients was higher than those from CAP. Of the bacterial strains isolated from blood culture,G-bacilli constituted 87.5%. Conclusions Fungus and G-bacilli were the dominant pathogens.Phlegm culture and drug sensitive test are helpful for reasonable use of antibiotics for patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by pulmonary infection in clinical practice.

Objective To discuss the effect of the application of anti-reflux venous indwelling needle after gastrointestinal polyps endoscopic resection.Methods 400 cases of patients after gastrointestinal polyps endoscopic resection were selected in our department.200 cases of patients using ordinary venous indwelling needle were set as the control group.In addition,200 cases of patients chose anti-reflux indwelling needles which were produced by a certain medical instrument Co.,Ltd were set as the experimental group.The incidence rate of phlebitis,tube blocking,blood return and indwelling time in the process of using anti-reflux indwelling needle were observed in two groups.Results During the indwelling time of two kinds of indwelling needles,the incidence rates of phlebitis,tube blocking and blood return of anti-reflux indwelling needle in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The average indwelling time of the experimental group was 1.2 days,longer than that of the control group.Conclusions Anti-reflux indwelling needle can effectively protect the blood vessels,ensure the patients to use drugs in time,improve the work efficiency of nurses,reduce the damage to patients and effectively reduce the burden of patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 6 C161→T of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ(PPART)gene and osteoporosis in elderly male. Methods Polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)was used to analyze the gene frequency distribution in the groups of nonosteoporosis and osteoporosis in elderly male.Bone mineral density of lumbar and hip(neck of femur,greater trochanter,Ward's triangle)were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Serum osteocalcin level was measured by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The exon 6 of PPARγ had 3 genotypes(CC,CT and TT).The frequency of T allele in osteoporosis was higher than that in non-osteoporosis.Compared with the control group,serum bone glaprotein level and bone mineral density was lower in osteoporosis group.The bone mineral density in the genotype of CT and TT groups were lower than that in the genotype of CC group. Conclusions The study shows that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of 6th exons of PPARγ may relate to osteoporosis in elderly male.T allele of PPARγ may be a predisposing factor of osteoporosis in elderly male.PPARγmay be a candidate gene of osteoporosis in elderly males.

Objective To observe the effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) using the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)-targeting RNAi recombinant adenovirus vector. Methods Homologous recombination and cloning techniques were used to construct RNAi recombinant adenoviral expressive vectors specific to GSK-3β. Then, the adenovirus plasmids was transfected into HEK 293A cells to produce adenovirus and amplify the adenoviral stock. Plaque forming assay was used to titer the adenoviral stock. The GSK-3β and β-catenin protein expressions were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of HUVEC was detected with MTr assay. Results The RNAi adenovirus vectors specific to GSK-3β were successfully produced with high titer. The expression of GSK-3β protein in HUVEC could be down-regulated efficiently by the RNAi adenovirus, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. The proliferation of HUVEC was significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) after infected with GSK-3β RNAi recombinant adenovirus for 3, 5, 7 days. Conclusion RNAi adenovirus is an important tool that can inhibit the expression of GSK-3β efficiently, along with increased β-catenin protein expression. Up-regulating of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might play an important role in the proliferation of HUVEC.

Objective By comparing the detection rates of subclinical thyroid diseases in women(pregnant,lactating and child-bearing age)between iodine deficient regions (supplied iodized salt)and water-borne iodine excess regions (consumed non-iodized salt),and to find the different prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease between two regions under their different iodine source and iodine levels, and to provide reference for screening susceptible population with iodine-related thyroid diseases.Methods The iodine deficiency but salt iodine surpplying regions were selected from six provinces in our country,the local people who were pregnant women,lactating women and 18 to 45 years old women of child-bearing age,a total of 991 cases were investigated.The iodine nutrition levels of the pregnant women were grouped by <150,150-249,and ≥500μg·L-1;the iodine nutrition levels of the lactating women were grouped by <100 and ≥100μg·L-1 .The high water-iodine regions in Shanxi Province were selected,and according to the water-iodine levels 50-99,100-149,149-299,and more than 300μg·L-1 four regions were selected;20 cases of three kinds of people mentioned above were selected in each region,a total of 241 cases.The blood and urine samples were collected, and the serological thyroid function indexes were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay method or radioimmunity method, and the urine-iodine was detected with cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method. Results In iodine deficient regions and water-borne iodine excess regions, the concurrence rates of subclinical hypothyroidism(hypothyroidism for short)and thyroid antibody positive of women were 2.32% and 4.98%,respectively;accounting to about 1/3 to 1/2 of those subclinical hypothyroidism population.The prevalence rates of subclinical thyroid diseases in the women population between the two regions were 27.55% and 34.85%,respectively;nearly accounting for 1/3 of the women population.The subclinical hypothyroidism detection rates of the three populations in high water iodine regions were significantly higher than those in iodine deficient regions(P<0.05).The lactating women’s detection rates of thyroid antibody positive and subclinical hypothyroidism with antibody positive in high water iodine regions were significantly higher than those in iodine deficient regions(P<0.05).With different iodine sources,when took appropriate iodine,there was no statistical difference of the detection rates of subclinical thyroid diseases among three kinds of women(P>0.05). With the increase of iodine exposure levels,the prevalence of women who suffered from subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid antibody positive was increased,the coincidence rate was also increased.The detection rates of low T4 concentration and total subclinical thyroid disease of pregnant women in iodine nutrition<100μg·L-1 group were significantly higher than those in iodine nutrition 250-499μg·L-1 group (P<0.05).The detection rates of low T4 concentration and total subclinical thyroid disease of lactating women in iodine nutrition <100μg· L-1 group were significantly higher than those in iodine nutrition >100μg·L-1 group (P<0.05).Conclusion When the iodine intake is appropriate, iodine intakes from salt or from water have no effect on subclinical thyroid diseases. When the iodine intake increases,the prevalence of subclinical thyroid diseases will increase too.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of anisodamine on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in swine ventricular myocardium after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.Methods The experiment was conducted on healthy pigs, and they were randomly divided into three groups, namely sham group, epinephrine group (control group) and anisodamine group (experimental group, animals were resuscitated combined with injection of 0.4 mg/kg of anisodamine), with 5 pigs in each group. Model of ventricular fibrillation was reproduced by alternating current challenge, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed 8 minutes after cardiac arrest. Left ventricular myocardium was harvested at 24 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The expression and distribution of Cx43 were observed by immunofluorescence, Cx43 mRNA expression was assessed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein expressions of Cx43 and phosphorylation of Cx43 (p-Cx43) were analyzed by Western Blot.Results The positive expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle was distributed uniformly, mostly at the end-to-end linkage of myocardial cells, with a few side-to-side linkage in sham group. The positive expression of Cx43 in control group was significantly weaker than that in the sham group, and the signal intensity was significantly declined (4.35±2.10 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.01). The positive expression of Cx43 at the end-to-end linkage and side-to-side linkage was irregular in experimental group, and the signal intensity was obviously higher than that in the control group (7.91±2.54 vs. 4.35±2.10,P< 0.05), but it was significantly weaker than that in the sham group (7.91±2.54 vs. 10.02±3.66,P< 0.05). For control group and experimental group, the Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower than those of the sham group [Cx43 mRNA (A value): 0.32±0.05, 0.32±0.03 vs. 0.48±0.07; Cx43 protein (A value): 0.43±0.03, 0.50±0.07 vs. 0.65±0.04, allP< 0.01], and there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group (allP> 0.05). The p-Cx43 protein expression of control group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (A value: 0.22±0.03 vs. 0.37±0.06,P< 0.01), and it was significantly higher in the experiment group than that in the control group (A value: 0.29±0.07 vs. 0.22±0.03, P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference with the sham group (P> 0.05). No significant difference in p-Cx43/Cx43 was found among sham, control, and experiment groups (0.57±0.09, 0.51±0.05, 0.58±0.06, all P> 0.05).ConclusionAnisodamine can improve the abnormal expression of Cx43 in ventricular muscle of pigs with cardiac arrest, which may be related to the protection effect of anisodamine on cardiac conduction.

The imaging findings of pelvic lipomatosis as confirmed by operation and pathology were examined in 1 case and two follow-up asymptomatic cases retrospectively analyzed.The imaging findings included a compressed and deformed bladder with a superior displacement.Its shape was like an inverted tear and pear in coronal view and a banana in sagittal view.Bilateral ureters were both compressed with a medial deviation.And bilateral ureters were dilated with hydronephrosis in 1 case.Rectum and sigmoid were both compressed and became narrowed.The clinical manifestations included frequent urination , urgent urination , urination pain, dysuria, constipation, nausea, vomit and fever in 1 case while another 2 cases stayed asymptomatic.

Objective To observe the expressions of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) protein and mRNA in thyroid gland of lactating rats.Methods Eighty adult Wistar rats (60 females and 20 males),weighting 210-250 g were selected.The 60 female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups according to their body weight by means of random number table:normal non-pregnant group,lactating for 5,10,15 and 20 days groups and weaning for 5 days group,10 rats in each group.All rats were fed with conventional fodder and tap water freely,and the rats of lactating groups except the normal non-pregnant group cohabited with male rats (3 ∶ 1).Then all rats were killed on the 5th,10th,15th and 20th day after lactation and on the 5th day after weaning to get thyroid tissues.The expressions of TSHR protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining and realtime quantitative PCR.Results TSHR protein was expressed in cytoplasm and membrane of rat thyroid follicular cells.The expression of TSHR protein in thyroid gland was significant different statistically between groups (x2 =11.227,P ＜ 0.05); the staining intensity of rat thyroid tissues in the normal non-pregnant gruop (weak,n =2; moderate,n =5; strong,n =3) was stronger than that of rats lactating for 5 days (weak,n =7; moderate,n =3; x2 =5.895,P ＜ 0.05).But the expression of TSHR protein in thyroid tissues in the normal non-pregnant group was not significantly different statistically compared with the expression of TSHR protein in other groups (lactating for 10,15and 20 days) and weaning for 5 days group (all P ＞ 0.05).The expression of TSHR mRNA in thyroid gland was significantly different statistically between groups (F =2.970,P ＜ 0.05); the expression of TSHR mRNA in lactating for 5 days group (0.74 ± 0.13) was lower than that of the non-pregnant group (1.02 ± 0.24,P ＜ 0.05); and the expression of TSHR mRNA in the normal non-pregnant group was not significantly different statistically compared with those of other groups (lactating for 10,15 and 20 days) and weaning for 5 days group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion TSHR is widely expressed in thyroid gland of lactating rats,but relatively lower in early lactation period.

Objective To study the current prevention and control status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and learn the current situation of iodized salt consumption at household level in non-high iodine areas in 2015,this surveillance was conducted.Methods In 2015,according to National Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders,the surveillance was conducted at county level in 31 provinces,municipalities,autonomous regions (provinces) and Xinjiang Production and Construction corps (Xinjiang Corps).In each county city,district,banner (county),5 townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;15 households were randomly selected in each chosen village.Edible salt sample was collected from each household.The iodine level in salt was determined by direct titration;the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were detected by arbitration.Results There were totally 2 840 counties that reported the surveillance data.In total,849 193 salt samples were examined,including 845 906 salts determined by direct titration and 3 287 samples determined only by semi-quantitative detection.Weighted by population,the national coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.37％.At provincial level,the coverage rate of iodized salt was higher than 95％ except Tianjin,Shanghai and Shandong.At county level,2 669 counties had a coverage rate of iodized salt higher than or equal to 95％,171 counties were lower than 95％,and 31 counties were less than 80％.The national consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.57％ (except 11 counties in Tibet).At provincial level,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was higher than 90％ except Shanghai (66.84％),Tianjin (79.14％),Tibet (82.09％) and Qinghai (89.22％).At county level,totally 2 633 counties had a rate of qualified iodized salt higher than 90％,and 196 counties were lower than 90％.The mean of iodine content in iodized salt was (25.37 ± 4.57) mg/kg.At provincial level,the means of iodine content in iodized salt were in the range of 23.51-28.95 mg/kg and the variable coefficient (CV) was in the range of 12.17％-27.37％,the CV was higher than 15％ in 24 provinces and Xinjiang Corps.Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt at national level are in a good condition.However,the problem of non-iodized salt is still serious in some provinces.

Objective To elucidate the function of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway underlying the regulation of Na+-I-symporter (NIS) and the influence of different levels of iodine on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in lactating breast cells.Methods The primary cultured mammary gland cells were divided into three groups:①control group [0 μmol/L LY294002 + 0 μg/L insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)];②stimulation group (50 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ);③inhibition group (40 μmo]/L LY294002 + 50 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ).In addition,the cells were treated with different iodine contents (0,5,50,1 000,3 000 μg/L) for low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine groups 1 and 2,and IGF-Ⅰ (50 μg/L) was used to stimulate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.The expressions of AKT and NIS mRNA and protein were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results The expression of AKT mRNA (1.497 ± 0.550) in stimulation group was higher than that in inhibition group (0.777 ± 0.108,P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of NIS mRNA and protein in stimulation group (0.783 ± 0.187,0.618 ± 0.103) was lower than those in inhibition group (2.430 ± 1.423,1.417 ± 0.250,all P ＜ 0.05).With the iodine concentration increasing,except high iodine group 1 (1.090 ± 0.356),the expression of AKT mRNA in low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine group 2 (1.758 ± 0.893,1.320 ± 0.538,1.003 ± 0.006,0.745 ± 0.307) tended to decline;total AKT protein (0.640 ± 0.106,0.601 ± 0.081,0.583 ± 0.089,0.555 ± 0.097,0.532 ± 0.023) and NIS mRNA (2.259 ± 0.682,1.823 ± 0.332,1.409 ± 0.366,1.321 ± 0.405,1.150 ± 0.454) tended to decline in low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine groups 1 and 2;except low iodine group 2 (0.484 ± 0.179),NIS protein expression tended to decline (0.556 ± 0.199,0.502 ± 0.179,0.455 ± 0.126,0.435 ± 0.138);however,except low iodine group 2 (0.076 ± 0.045),the p-AKT protein expressions (0.078 ± 0.049,0.079 ± 0.040,0.085 ± 0.055,0.095 ± 0.051) were on the rise.Conclusion PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play an inhibition role in the expression of NIS in lactating breast cells.