Objective To understand the status quo of low vision and the potential influential factors among primary and second-ary school students in Kunming .Methods The visual activity test and the questionnaire survey were performed among 1 366 prima-ry and secondary school students in a community of Kunming ,χ2 and the multivariate Logistic regression were adopted to perform the single factor and multifactor analysis .Results The detection rate of low vision in this community was 57 .5% ,which of the sec-ondary school students was higher than that of primary school students (70 .7% vs .46 .4% ,χ2 =81 .966 ,P=0 .000) .The multifac-tor Logistic regression analysis showed the bad habit of using eyes (OR=3 .176) ,poor posture(OR=2 .844) ,continuous learning time ≥2 h per day(OR=1 .743) ,break bad behavior(OR=1 .952) ,the screen contact time ≥2 h per day(OR=1 .660) and continu-ous doing homework time ≥ 2 h per day(OR=1 .535) were the risk factors leading to the low vision ;while the outdoor activities time ≥ 2 h per day(OR=0 .059) were the protective factors .Conclusion The detection rate of low vision among primary and mid-dle school students in Kunming is higher .Cultivating the good habits using eyes ,alleviating the study load ,reducing the screen con-tact time ,and ensuring the time of outdoor activities and sleep time will conduce to protect the eyesight of primary and secondary school students .

Objective:To observe the sedation effects of midazolam on maxillofacial postoperative patients with nasotracheal intubation. Methods:40 cases were equally and randomly divided into two groups: sufentanil group (group S) and sufentanil-midazolam group(group S-M).The continuous dose was 2 ml/h. If the patients feel uncomfortable, patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used. To observe the changes of circulation and respiration,the changes of visual analogue scale(VAS) and Ramsay score, the patients' bucking times within 24 h and the PCIA times, patients' total satisfactory degree and the complications during postoperative analgesia were recorded. Results:There were significant decreases in VAS of two groups after postoperative analgesia 1, 4, 12, 24, 48 hours(P

The changes in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood of mice infected with Mycoplasma suis were investigated in the present study, in which BALB/c mice were infected with Mycoplasma suis and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood of mice were determined by means of ELISA assay 3, 5 and 7 days after infection. The results showed that the lower level of IFN-γ and higher level of IL-4 could be demonstrated 3 and 5 days after infection in comparison with those of the control groups respectively(P<0.05, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 after 7 days of infection (P>0.05) . It is evident from this result that determination of the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood of mice may constitute an additional sero-diagnostic index to infection with M.suis and provide the experimental data for the studies in the serology and immunology of this infection.

Objective To investigate the intelligence development status of the low birth weight infants and its influence factors. Methods The intelligence developments of 135 low birth weight infants aged 6-30 months were investigated using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and the self-development influential factors were analyzed with questionnaire.Results The average of MDI was 86.76±18.95 in 135 infants,of which the detection rate of MDI<80 points accounted for 17.8%and the detection rate of PDI<80 points accounted for 29.6%;birth weight of infant,age,the degree of parents,culture and feeding way had significant effects on MDI in infants;age and birth weight had significant effects on PDI in infants. Conclusion The development level of infants is influenced by multi-factors. More attention should be paid to reduce premature and low birth weight infants,improve the degree of parents' culture, advocate breastfeeding and conduct early intervention in order to assure the intelligence development of infants.

Objective To explore the modified mesh in female pelvic floor reconstruction for pelvic organ prolapse and clinical effects of the application.Methods 78 patients with pelvic organ prolapse,line modified mesh pelvic floor reconstruction surgery(study group)and vaginal hysterectomy and vaginal repair of anterior and posterior wall(control group)treatment,clinical efficacy was compared.Results The mean operating time,blood loss,average body temperature,catheter indwelling time,residual urine volume,and postoperative hospital stay showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).No postoperative infection,vaginal hematoma,mesh erosion occurred.Two groups of patients before discharge degree of POP-Q points are 0°or Ⅰ degree,to cure the standard.Vaginal length of the control group was significantly shorter than after treatment(P＜0.05),while no significant change in the observation group(P＞ 0.05).Control group,the recurrence rate was significantly higher than the observation group(P＜0.05),while the observation group of sexual satisfaction was better than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The modified mesh treatment of female pelvic floor reconstruction is an effective method of pelvic organ prolapse,the surgical curative effect is better,the recurrence rate is lower,worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To compare the difference of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) biofilms formation in different conditions including incubated time,temperature,attaching materials,and flowing speed.METHODS PAE biofilms were established in a chemostat-coupled MRD and detected with the method of viable bacteria counting.The number of CFU/disc was measured in different culture time(8h,24h or 72h),different temperature(23℃ or 37℃),different adherent materials(glass or silicone),different flow velocities(30ml/h or 90ml/h) and different culture media(M63 medium,M-H croth or LB broth).RESULTS Keeping the other conditions invariable,the log10CFU/disc of viable bacteria in 8h,24h or 72h biofilms were 4.01?0.26,4.59?0.49 or 5.20?0.47,respectively(P

Objective To observe the effect of Ceftazidime on the early and mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria. Method The early and mature PA biofilm were formed through the chemostat combined Robbins device. Then 64 ?g/ml Ceftazidime was applied to the early and mature PA biofilm bacteria for 24 hours respectively. Scanning electronic microscope(SEM) was used to observe the effect of Ceftazidime on early and mature biofilm. The difference between the viable bacteria in early and mature biofilm was analyzed by statistical method. Result 24 hours after Ceftazidime was added, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in early biofilm was killed on the whole while there were still numbers of bacteria in mature biofilm. Statistical analysis demonstrates a great variance in viable counts. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mature biofilm is more tolerant to antibiotics than that in early biofilm.

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered skin, bone, cartilage, blood vessel, and muscle flap have achieved remarkable development in tissue repair and regeneration; meanwhile, the difficulty in tissue-engineered vascularization has attracted much attention.OBJECTIVE: To summarize studies concerning the mechanism of angiogenesis (vasculogenesis and revascularization),vascularization strategies (seed cells, scaffolds, growth factors) and models of vascularization in tissue engineering (in vivo and in vitro), and to provide theoretical foundation for basic research of vascularization in tissue engineering.METHODS: A computer-based research was performed for relevant literatures in PubMed, Springerlink, Web of Science,ScienceDirect, CNKI, CqVip and WanFang databases published between January 20002 and April 2016 using the keywords of issue engineering, vascularization, scaffolds, cell growth factor, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis in English and Chinese, respectively. Fifty-five eligible articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro microvascular construction is commonly used. The angioid scaffold is prepared,and then cells are seeded onto the scaffold, which will proliferate, migrate and form microvessels induced by growth factors. The cell-scaffold composites that have good vascularization in vitro have been introduced via transplantation in in vivo experiments. However, there are some problems, such as the inevitable inflammatory reaction that makes a direct effect on the composite function and survival, and vascularization is still a difficulty in tissue regeneration and repair in the tissue engineering research.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(hVISA) and the sensitivity of hVISA to novel antibiotics,and to explore the risk factors and infection attributable mortality associated with hVISA infection.Methods A total of 456 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were isolated in Zhongshan Hospital from January,2008 to November,2010.All MRSA isolates were investigated for hVISA by two agar screening methods BHIA5T (brain-heart infusion containing teicoplanin 5 mg/L)or BHIA6V (brain-heart infusion containing vancomycin 6 mg/L),as well as macroEtest method(MET).Possible hVISA isolates were tested by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC).The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid were determined by microbroth dilution as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).The contribution difference between hVISA and vancomycin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) in different MIC range was compared.A retrospective case-control study of the patients with hVISA infection or VSSA infection was carried out and statistical analysis was performed using t test,Mann-Whitney test,x2 test and Fisher exact test.Results A total of 105 isolates of hVISA were screened by BHIA5T and BHIA6V (23.0％) with other 23 isolates by MET(5.0％) and 21 by PAP-AUC(4.6％).All isolates were 100％ sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.The vancomycin MIC [(1.76 ±-0.16) mg/L] in hVISA group was significantly higher than that in VSSA group[(1.09 ± 0.07)mg/L,P ＜ 0.01],which was a potential risk factor for hVISA infection.The retrospective study showed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was also a risk factor for hVISA infection of the lower respiratory tract.No significant difference in infection attributable mortality was showed between the hVISA group and the VSSA group.Conclusions The overall prevalence of hVISA in Zhongshan Hospital is estimated as 4.6％,while the prevalence of hVISA isolated from blood is as high as 12.5％.All isolates are 100％ sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.COPD is a risk factor for hVISA infection of the lower respiratory tract.

Objective studyring the proven and probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) eases of some hospitals in Shanghai to provide evidence fur the improvement of IPA clinical diagnosis and therapy.Methotis Fortv-nine IPA cases were retrospectively analyzed for demography data,host tactors,underlying conditions.chest CT,microorganism and histopathology examination,as well as therapy and clinical outcome.ResultsOf 49 subjects including 19(38.8%)proven and 30(61.2%)probable IPA,3 pailents(6.1%)had no host factors,25 patients(51.0%)had IPA associated host factors and underlying conditions.while 21 patients(42.9%)had uncertained fundamental diseases.Chest CT evaluation demonstrated that radiological lesions include nodules in 29 patients,patching in 15,mass in 12,consolidation in 10.cavitation in 34,Halo sign in 19,air bronchogram in 18,crescentic sign in 6,bilateral in 33 and multifocal lesions in 38.The yielding rate of fungus culture in sputum was 26.5%(13/49),and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 66.7%(10/15).Eleven of thirty-six patients(30.6%)had positive results of serum galactomannan antigen tests.Nineteen of twenty-one patients(90.5%)were proven as IPA by lung histologic examinations.Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common pathogen 81.0%(17/21).The responding rate to initial anti-fugus therapy wag 50%(21/42).Conclusion Our study suggests that in IPA patients,bilateral,muhifocal and nodular lesion could be the most common radiological characteristic,while Halo and crescentic sign occar occasionally.Invasive technologies are more valuable to IPA diagnosis.