OBJECTIVE: To probe into the development trend of outpatient pharmacy in primary hospitals, and to provide reference for the improvement of pharmaceutical care in outpatient pharmacy of primary hospitals. METHODS: The status quo of outpatient pharmacy in primary hospitals were investigated and analyzed based on practical work and professional requirement of outpatient pharmacy. RESULTS: The work of outpatient pharmacy was heavy and complex. Main function of it was drug dispensary. There was few training for pharmaceutical staff. CONCLUSION: Outpatient pharmacy should establish and improve quality management system, promote drug dispensary and service and enhance training of pharmaceutical staff to meet rising public medical service.

To explore the feasibility of the application of LD 1 laser dust monitor to determination of inhalable particulates(IP) in indoor air of public places, and provide basis for establishment of national standard method of detection of IP in indoor air of public places LD 1 laser dust monitor and weighing filter paper method were applied in monitoring the concentration of IP in indoor air of 4 kinds of public places in Changzhou in four seasons simultaneously Significant correlation was observed between mass concentration and relative concentration ( r =0 7526, P

OBJECTIVE To study the bacterial infections in ICU,pathogens distribution and their drug-resistance characteristics,so as to offer a reference to the prevention and control of hospital infection.METHODS Specimens from ICU from Jan 2003 to Dec 2004 were underwent a process of germ culture,identification and drug-sensitivity test.Germ culture-positive cases were confirmed by Diagnostic Standards of Hospital Infections.RESULTS Ninety three pathogens were identified from ICU in two years.Of all cases,63.44% were Gram-negative,30.1% were Gram-positive,and 9.68% were epiphyte.Among them,19.35% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it was the main one of Gram-negatives;9.68% were Staphylococcus aureus and it composed the most of Gram-positives;6.45% were epiphyte.Of all 93 pathogens,60 gained from respiratory tract,and 23 gained from urinary tract.CONCLUSIONS To emphasize on the strictly control of ICU,hospital infections and high risk disease,and to adopt certain preventive measures are the ways to control and decrease hospital infections.

Objective To evaluate the role of renal cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by sepsis in mice. Methods Forty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 15 each):sham operation group (group S), cecum ligation and puncture group (group CLP) and CLP + caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO group (group CI). Intra-abdominal infection was induced by CLP. Ac-DEVD-CHO 4 μg/g was infused subcutaneously 30 min before CLP in group CI. Five mice in each group were sacrificed after collection of blood samples at 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP. The levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr)were detected. The apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 protein and caspase-3 mRNA were determined.Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed with light microscope. Results The serum BUN and Cr concentratiors, apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 mRNA and caspase-3 protein were significantly higher in group CLP than in group S, but lower in group CI than in group CLP ( P ＜ 0.05). Light microscopic examination showed that the pathologic changes induced by Ac-DEVD-CHO were less severe in group CI than in group CLP.Conclusion The renal cell apoptosis is one of the mechanism of AKI induced by sepsis.

Objective To study the toxic effects of 5-amionlevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), and furthermore, to understand the possible causes of this response. Methods We used MTT assay to detect the survival rate of PBMCs, CBMCs and PBSCs after treated by ALA-PDT under the optimum experiment conditions with U937 as control;Annexin V-FITC/PI was used to detect the pattern of cell death induced by ALA-PDT. By using flow cytometry, we detected intracellular PpIX fluorescence intensity. Results After ALA-PDT treatment the survival rate of PBMCs had no significant change;however in PBSCs and CBMCs, the survival rate reduced to 70%, and the survival rate of leukemia cell U937 was the lowest, about 30%. After incubation with ALA,except for PBMCs, intraceUuiar PplX fluorescence intensity of the other two kinds of normal haemocytes and U937 increased obviously. These results combined with the flow cytometry suggested that the main pattern of cell death here was apoptosts. Conclusion Under the optimum experiment conditions, ALA-PDT has a slight effect on normal haemocytes but excellent depletions of leukemia cells. Therefore, it can effectively purify autologons bone marrow or stem cell grafts.

Objective:To explore the effects of different time of skin-to-skin contact on physical/mental status and breastfeeding in cesarean section parturient, so as to provide reference for promoting breastfeeding.Methods:A total of 87 cesarean section parturient and children were collected from Taihe Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2021 to February 2022 as research objects by convenient sampling method. They were divided into A group, B group and C group by random digits table method, each group were 29 cases. Skin-to-skin contact was carried out in the three groups while the parturient was awake, A group contact time were 30 min, B group were 60 min, C group were 90 min. The intervention effect was assessed by Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), Infant Brestfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) as well as breast feeding related indicators.Results:Finally, 81 parturient were included, with 27, 28, and 26 cases in A group, B group, and C group. The scores of visual analogous scale, pain grading index, presents pain intensity, VAS-A were (6.74 ± 1.48), (19.33 ± 2.02), (4.48 ± 1.16), (5.22 ± 1.05) points in A group and (6.93 ± 1.41), (20.11 ± 2.50), (4.93 ± 1.56), (5.46 ± 1.04) points in B group, lower than in C group (7.69 ± 1.19), (22.08 ± 2.31), (5.73 ± 1.08), (6.31 ± 1.57) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.05-4.36, all P<0.05). The successful rate of first breastfeeding and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 42 d after delivery were 55.6%(15/27), 59.3%(16/27) in A group, lower than in B group 82.1%(23/28), 85.7%(24/28) and in C group 88.5%(23/26), 88.5%(23/26), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 4.55-7.07, all P<0.05). The lactation start time, duration of first breastfeeding and IBFAT total scores were (17.04 ± 3.98) h, (10.44 ± 3.03) min, (4.74 ± 1.64) points in A group, lower than in B group and C group (19.22 ± 3.12) h, (12.36 ± 3.18) min, (7.07 ± 1.78) points and (16.69 ± 3.97) h, (13.62 ± 2.38) min, (7.58 ± 1.40) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.45-5.25, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Skin-to-skin contact for 60 min can promote breastfeeding and alleviate anxiety and pain degree of cesarean section parturient.

Objective:To explore the effect of MOOC in Tibetan medical physiology teaching.Methods:According to the different implementation of teaching mode, 65 clinical undergraduate students of Batch 2017 in Medical College of Tibet University were randomly divided into MOOC teaching group (22 students), MOOC PBL teaching group (21 students) and traditional teaching group (22 students). The test scores and teaching evaluation scores of the three groups were compared, and the teaching evaluation scores of MOOC team among the three teaching modes were compared. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis, and One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the three groups of data.Results:The scores of the main questions and the total scores of the classroom test from high to low were: MOOC PBL teaching group, MOOC teaching group and traditional teaching control group. Except for multiple-choice questions and fill-in-the-blank questions, the scores of other questions and total scores were all statistically significantly different ( P<0.05). The scores of students on interest in learning, learning initiative, knowledge memory, classroom situation, learning efficiency and the total score of teaching evaluation ranked from high to low were: MOOC PBL teaching group, MOOC teaching group and traditional teaching group ( P<0.05). In contrast, the scores of students on teaching interaction and classroom management in traditional teaching group were higher than those in MOOC PBL teaching group and MOOC teaching group ( P<0.05). The scores of MOOC teaching team on saving time, saving materials, teaching efficiency, learning goal achievement, students' acceptance, improving learning interest, learning initiative and total score of teaching effect from high to low were: MOOC PBL teaching group, MOOC teaching group and traditional teaching group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of MOOC can improve the teaching effect and quality of the physiology teaching for medical students in Tibet.

Objective To explore cognitive change in schizophrenic patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome,and to provide theory basis for early intervention and treatment.Methods According to inclusion standard,56 schizophrenic inpatients with metabolism syndrome and 56 schizophrenic inpatients without metabolism syndrome were included.The matrics consensus cognitive battery(MCCB),stroop test,digit span,UPSA-B were used to assess the cognitive function.Results There were significant differences for test scores of symbol coding subtest,verbal memory subtest,digit sequence subtest,Maze subtest,continue performance among MCCB between schizophrenic patients with and without metabolism syndrome(27.07±10.46 vs 32.18±12.12,16.04±5.07 vs18.71±6.02,13.39±5.18 vs 15.79±5.48,1.38±0.66 vs 1.7±0.68,all P＜0.05),as well as stroop test and digit span test(31.14±11.68 vs 36.57±13.32,13.77±3.64 vs 15.82±4.38,P＜0.05 for both).Conclusion The schizophrenic patients with metabolism syndrome have severer cognitive impairment than those without metabolism syndrome.

Objective: To identify the lifestyle pattern of adolescents in Guangzhou and to provide a scientific basis for targeted and individualized interventions for adolescents with different lifestyle pattern. Methods: A survey was conducted by questionnaire among 12 540 students from 27 middle schools in the urban area of Guangzhou using a convenient sampling method. The latent class model (LCM) was used to identify lifestyle patterns of adolescents, and further analyses were conducted to compare differences in dietary habits and willingness to exercise among the different classes. Results: Three lifestyle patterns were identified based on the latent class model: "high sweet snacks/excessive screen time, sleep and exercise deficiency group", 3 797 people, accounting for 30.3%; "low nutrition diet/severe sleep and exercise deficiency group", 2 745 people, accounting for 21.9%; "general diet/sleep and exercise deficiency group", 5 998 people, accounting for 47.8%. Adolescents of different classes had different perceptions of their eating habits and different degrees of willingness to participate in physical exercise, these differences were statistically significant(χ 2=671.54, Z=153.16, P<0.05). Conclusion The results of the latent class model showed that the three classes of adolescents had their own unique characteristics. It is necessary to inform them of their needs, provide guidance and implement targeted interventions according to the unique characteristics of the different lifestyle patterns in empirical work.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of Chinese patients with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy, and clarify the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients.Methods:Medical history of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy diagnosed from April 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021 in the department of neurology of 22 hospitals in China was collected, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), magnetic resonance severity scale were evaluated. Group comparison was performed between male and female patients.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, and the male-female ratio was 1∶1.95. The age of onset was (40.35±8.42) years. Cognitive impairment (82.3%, 51/62) and motor symptoms (77.4%,48/62) were the most common symptoms. The MMSE and MoCA scores were 18.79±7.16 and 13.96±7.23, respectively, and the scores of two scales in male patients (22.06±5.31 and 18.08±5.60) were significantly higher than those in females (15.53±7.41 , t=2.954, P=0.006; 10.15±6.26, t=3.328 , P=0.003). The most common radiographic feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%), and the magnetic resonance imaging severity scale score was 27.42±11.40, while the white matter lesion score of females (22.94±8.39) was significantly higher than that of males (17.62±8.74 , t=-2.221, P<0.05). A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, among which c.2381T>C/p.I794T was the hotspot mutation that carried by 17.9% (10/56) of the probands. Conclusions:The core phenotypic characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in China are progressive motor and cognitive impairment, with bilateral asymmetrical white matter changes. In addition, there exist gender differences clinically, with severer cognitive impairment and imaging changes in female patients. Thirty-six CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, and c.2381T>C/p. I794T was the hotspot mutation.