Objective　 To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on proliferating of rabbit lens epithelial cells(RLECs).Methods　The second and three generations of RLECs were exposed to different concentrations of bFGF, and the proliferation characteristics of the cells were measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The ultrastructure of cell were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM).The changs of cells cycles were observed with flow cytometer (FCM).Results　 After the treatment of bFGF, RLECs showed the marked proliferation , especially in 10μg*L-1 of bFGF . TEM result showed that the cells were more active with bFGF, FCM result showed that the S phase cell obviously increased.Conclusion　bFGF is an important factor that can promote proliferation of RLECs.

To translate the Kolcaba brief general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) to Chinese and measure the applicability under the Chinese culture background. Methods This study was composed by two phases, the first phase was to measure the content validity of brief GCQ by 5 nursing specialist after GCQ was translated into Chinese. The second phase was to testing the reliability of the brief GCQ by investigating patients when they had undergone chest surgery operation before 48 hours. Results The overall CVI of brief GCQ was 0.86, the Cronbach's a was 0.92, the subscale ? was from 0.53 to 0.85. The total GCQ score about patients with chest surgery was 91.27?8.63. The lowest mean score was physical subscale: 2. 50?0. 47, the highest mean score was psychological sub-scale: 3.26?0.35. Conclusion The Kolcaba brief GCQ fit to use in China, but its content validity and the internal consistency should be tested in future study.

Objective To investigate the effects of antidepressant therapy on whole regulating function of OPG/RANKL/RANK system in ovariectomized (OVX) rat model with depressive disorder.Methods Forty sexually mature female SD rats were used as subjects.The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups as following:sham group(Sn),depression group(Dn),the OVX group (On),the OVX with depression group(ODn),OVX with depression +sertraline group (ODs),and OVX with depression + citalopram (ODx),OVX with depression + reboxetine group(ODr),OVX with depression + venlafaxine group (ODw).Bilateral oophorectomy was applied to establish the ovariectomized rats model.Chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) was used to estalish depression model.Open-field test and sugar consumption experiment were applied before the experiment and the 28th day of the experiment.Immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to observe the expression of OPG,RANKL and RANK.Results After chronic unpredictable mild stress the scores of horizontal motion,vertical motion and percentage of sugar consumption experiment in Dn group were decreased contrast to the in control Sn group (P＜0.05)and the scores in ODn group were decreased in contrast to the On group (P＜0.05).The protein and gene expression of RANK in Dn group and On group were increased in contrast to the Sn group (P＜0.05).The protein and gene expression of RANKL in Dn group and On group were increased in contrast to the Sn group (P＜0.05).The gene expression of OPG in ODs group(5.94±0.79),ODw group(5.99± 1.08) and ODr group(6.59±0.69) was decreased in contrast to the ODn group (4.96±0.51) (P＜0.05).The gene expression of RANK in ODs group (2.82±0.23),ODx group(3.03±0.04) was increased in contrast to the ODn group(3.44±0.18) (P＜0.05).The gene expression of RANKL in ODs group(4.82±0.94),ODx group(5.00±0.82) and ODw group(5.23±0.88)was decreased in contrast to the ODn group (3.69± 0.69) (P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of RANK and RANKL in femoral neck is increased both in depressive disorder model rats and ovariectomized model rats.The antidepressant can up-regulate the expression of RANK,and down-regulate the expression of OPG and RANKL in the OVX with depression group.Of the effect,sertraline is the strongest,however reboxetine mesylate is the poorest.

Objective To explore the association between clusterin(CLU) gene rs11136000 poly-morphism and late-onset Alzheimer's disease ( LOAD) in Bai population from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefec-ture of Yunnan Province.Methods A case-control study including 109 LOAD patients and 120 normal con-trols matched for age,sex and level of education was taken in Dali Bai population.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site testing were used to detect genotype and allele fre-quency of CLU SNP rs11136000.SPSS 17.0 was applied to analyze the data.Result ①The different fre-quency ( C:65.60%,T:34.40%,CC:38.53%,CT:54.13%,TT:7.34%) of CLU SNP rs11136000 genotypes and alleles distribution in Bai between LOAD patients and healthy controls showed no statistical significance (χ2=1.529, P=0.216;χ2=2.805, P=0.246) .②The serum total cholesterol ( TC) of LOAD patients was significantly higher than that in that of control group( t=2.508, P=0.013) .Conclusion The results suggest that CLU rs11136000 polymorphism may not be the susceptible gene of LOAD,and high serum total choles-terol is more common in LOAD patients.

Objective: To investigate immune responses to influenza virus infections and the immunogenicity of trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine among elderly populations in Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, so as to provide the support for promoting influenza vaccination among elderly populations. Methods: The elderly populations at ages of 60 years and older were recruited in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City from September to November, 2020, and the participants were assigned to the vaccination group and the control group according to vaccination intention. The titers of haemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV were measured using the micro HI test prior to vaccination and 30 days post-vaccination, and the protective rate, geometric mean titer ( GMT ) and seroconversion rate of antibodies were analyzed before and after vaccination. Results: There were 290 participants in the vaccination group, including 132 men (45.52% ), and 290 controls, including 132 men ( 45.52% ). There were no significant differences between the vaccination group and the control group in terms of the protective rate or GMT of antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV prior to vaccination ( P>0.05 ). Following vaccination, the protective rates of antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV were 98.62%, 94.14% and 88.28%, and the GMT of antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV increased by 9.26, 6.19 and 10.09 folds, while the seroconversion rates of antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV were 78.62%, 68.28% and 71.38%, respectively. The protective rates, GMT and seroconversion rates of antibodies against influenza viruses A ( H1N1 and H3N2 ) and BV were all significantly greater in the vaccination group than in the control group post-vaccination ( P<0.05 ). A lower increase was seen in the GMT of antibodies against the influenza virus BV among residents at ages of 80 years and older (increase by 7.91 folds) than among residents at ages of 70 to 79 years ( increase by 12.53 folds ) and 60 to 69 years (increase by 13.32 folds) in the vaccination group post-vaccination ( P<0.05 ), and the seroconversion rate of antibodies against the influenza virus BV was significantly lower in residents at ages of 80 years and older ( 62.57% ) than in those at ages of 70 to 79 years ( 83.33% ) ( P<0.05 ), while the positive conversion rate of antibodies against the influenza virus A ( H3N2 ) was significantly lower in residents at ages of 80 years and older ( 62.57% ) than in those at ages of 60 to 69 years ( 91.30% ) ( P<0.05 ). Conclusions Low-level immune responses are detected to antibodies against influenza virus A ( H3N2 ) and BV among elderly populations in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City, and trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine shows a high immunogenicity among elder populations. An emphases on improvements in coverage of influenza vaccination among elderly populations at ages of 60 to 69 years, and development of influenza vaccines with a higher protective efficacy for residents at ages of 80 years and older are recommended.

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of sufentanil blunting responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation when combined with propofol given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods One hundred patients of both sexes with pulmonary tuberculosis,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 24-58 yr,with body mass index ＜30 kg/m2,with Mallampati grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing thoracic surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into Ⅰ-Ⅴ groups (n =20 each) using a random number table.Anesthesia was induced with iv sufentanil 0.35 μg/kg (group Ⅰ),0.40 μg/kg (group Ⅱ),0.45 μg/kg (group Ⅲ),0.50 μg/kg (group Ⅳ) and 0.55 μg/kg (group Ⅴ),and propofol TCI (target plasma concentration 3.5 μg/ml) and iv vecuronium 0.15 mg/kg.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.The response to double-lumen endotracheal intubation was defined as positive when mean arterial pressure increased by＞ 20％ of the baseline value and/or heart rate ＞ 90 bpm within 5 min after intubation.The median effective dose (ED50),ED95 and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation were calculated by Probit analysis.Results The ED50 (95％ CI) and ED95 (95％ CI) of sufentanil blunting the responses to intubation were 0.411 (0.370-0.441) μg/kg and 0.635 (0.556-0.888) μg/kg,respectively,when combined with propofol given by TCI.Conclusion When combined with propofol given by TCI (target plasma concentration 3.5 μg/ml),the ED50 and ED95 of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation are 0.411 and 0.635 μg/kg,respectively,in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of state anxiety and trait anxiety on attentional orienting of heroin addicts. Methods State anxiety and trait anxiety was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Forty heroin ad?dicts (36 males and 4 females) and 40 healthy controls (36 males and 4 females) participated in cue-target task. Atten?tional orienting and reorienting were measured in valid cue trials and invalid cue trails. Results Heroin addicts had sig?nificantly greater state anxiety [(42.65 ± 6.58) vs. (36.60 ± 8.91)] and trait anxiety [(44.43 ± 7.67) vs. (37.00 ± 8.63)] values than controls (P<0.05). The state anxiety was significantly correlated with orientation RT difference (r=-0.259, P=0.020) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.333, P=0.003) in heroin addicts. Trait anxiety was also significantly cor?related with orientation RT difference (r=-0.248, P=0.026) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.356, P=0.001) in heroin addicts. Conclusion Heroin addicts have significantly greater anxiety than healthy controls. Both their state anxiety and trait anxiety are associated with attentional orienting and disengaging/reorienting.

Objective To investigate the effect of heroin abuse on attention switching. Methods Thirty-six Heroin abusers (33 males, 3 females) and 36 controls (32 males, 4 females) were enrolled in the study. Their cognitive function was tested by using the Switching Task, including Sustained Attention trials and Switching Attention trials. The reaction time and accuracy were recorded separately by the computer. Results The accuracy or reaction times were not signifi-cantly different between Switching Attention trial and Sustained Attention trial in heroin abusers, suggesting a lower Switch Costs value compared to the healthy controls [(19.7 ± 66.8) ms vs. (85.1 ± 92.4) ms]. The healthy controls showed faster reaction speed [Sustained Attention trial (695.3 ± 95.9) ms vs. Switching Attention trial (780.3 ± 93.3) ms, P<0.05] and higher accuracy [Sustained Attention trial (98.0%±2.2%) vs. Switching Attention trial (93.8%±5.0%), P<0.05] under the Sustained Attention trial. Compared with the healthy controls, the heroin abusers showed slower reaction speed [(791.6 ± 74.3) ms vs. (695.3±95.9) ms, P<0.05] and lower accuracy [(92.5%±8.4%) vs. (98.0%±2.2%), P<0.05] in Sus-tained Attention trial, but not in Switching Attention trial. Conclusions The present study has revealed absence of Switch Costs in heroin abusers, which may be related to the damage of heroin abusers in their Sustained Attention function.

Objective To investigate the effects of permissive hypercapnia ventilation on cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients,aged 65-80 yr,undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=60 each): routine ventilation group (group R) and permissive hypercapnia ventilation group (group H).In group H,VT=6-8 ml/kg,RR=12-14 bpm,I: E=1: 2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 45-65 mm Hg and pH value ＞ 7.2,while in group R,VT=10-12 ml/kg,RR=14-16 bpm,I:E=1:2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analyses at 0,5,15 and 30 min after tracheal intubation (T0.3).Cerebral A-V O2 content differences (Da-jvO2)and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated at the same time.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 1 day before operation,and 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation.Results Compared with group R,PEr CO2 andPaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1.3,MMSE score was significantly increased after operation,and the incidence of post-operative cognitive dysfunction was significantly decreased after operation (P ＜ 0.05 or0.01).Compared with the baseline value at T0,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in both groups,PETCO2 and PaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group H,and MMSE score was significantly decreased at 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation in both groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Permissive hypercapnia ventilation can improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism during operation,and reduce post-operative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.

Objective To determinate the heavy metal cadmium content in rice to ensure food safety.Methods Several brands and batch numbers of rice were collected and divided into groups A and B.Group A contained 24 pieces of rice from the canteens,and group B involved in 22 pieces from the farm product markets.Cadmium content in rice was detected quantitatively with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,and then evaluated according to GB 2762-2012 which determined rice was not qualified in case cadmium content was more than 0.2 mg/kg.Results Group A had cadmium content between 0.00 and 0.477 mg/kg,the times of ultra standard being 2.385 and the disqualification rate being 29.2％ (7/24),and group B had cadmium content between 0.065 and 0.619 mg/kg,the times of ultra standard being 3.095 and the disqualification rate being 68.2％ (15/22).Excessive cadmium content in rice occurred in both canteens and markets,while the canteens was better than the markets.Conclusion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer detects cadmium content in rice rapidly and simply,and is worthy promoting in elementary facilities.