Objective To observe the effect of MG132 on the expression of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) induced by high glucose.Methods RPMCs were isolated,cultured and passaged by trypsin,then identified.The second generation of cultured RPMCs were used in the experiment.RPMCs were divided into normal control group,high glucose (1.5％,2.5％,4.25％) for 24 hours,high glucose (2.5％) for 0,12,24,48 hours,incubated with MG132 (0.5,1,2 μmol/L) for half an hour and then with high glucose (2.5％) for 24 hours.ERK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting,and CTGF protein in supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of p-ERK1/2 was significantly increased in the groups stimulated by high glucose (P ＜0.01),reached the peak at 24th hour (P ＜ 0.01),and then the expression decreased at 48th hour,but still was higher than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).CTGF protein expression of RPMCs induced by high glucose increased,in time-and dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).MG132 could significantly decrease the expression of ERK1/2 and CTGF induced by high glucose (P＜0.05).Conclusions MG132 can decrease the expression of p-ERK1/2 and CTGF in RPMCs induced by high glucose.The ubiquitin proteasome pathway participates in the development of peritoneal fibrosis,and blocking the way may contribute to the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis.

To translate the Kolcaba brief general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) to Chinese and measure the applicability under the Chinese culture background. Methods This study was composed by two phases, the first phase was to measure the content validity of brief GCQ by 5 nursing specialist after GCQ was translated into Chinese. The second phase was to testing the reliability of the brief GCQ by investigating patients when they had undergone chest surgery operation before 48 hours. Results The overall CVI of brief GCQ was 0.86, the Cronbach's a was 0.92, the subscale ? was from 0.53 to 0.85. The total GCQ score about patients with chest surgery was 91.27?8.63. The lowest mean score was physical subscale: 2. 50?0. 47, the highest mean score was psychological sub-scale: 3.26?0.35. Conclusion The Kolcaba brief GCQ fit to use in China, but its content validity and the internal consistency should be tested in future study.

Objective To study the functional connectivity (FC) pattern of anterior cingulated cortex in patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) after subcortical ischemic vascular disease,and to analyze the relationship between FC and cognitive function.Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 14 patients with VCIND and 16 healthy volunteers with normal cognition.The altered functional connectivity pattern in VCIND was valuated by comparing to normal control.Then a correlation analysis was performed between the strength of FC and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in patients with VCICD.Results (1) The visual space or executive function (3.14 ± 0.29),attention or computing power (3.79 ± 0.37),language (1.14 ± 0.21),directional power (4.14 ± 0.53) items,and the total points of MoCA (17.29 ± 1.53) in VCIND were significantly lower than that in the normal control group (4.93 ± 0.07,5.93 ± 0.07,2.93 ± 0.26,5.93 ± 0.07,27.57 ± 0.33 ; t =31.62,32.50,28.51,12.00,39.71,all P ＜ 0.05).While the abstract ability or memory (4.36 ± 0.74),the naming (2.79 ± 0.11) items in VCIND were not significantly different with that in the control group (4.79 ± 0.80,2.93 ± 0.07 ; t =1.76,1.00,both P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,the patients showed FC decrease between the anterior cingulated cortex and several brain regions,including the left middle temporal gyrus/left superior temporal gyrus,the left superior frontal gyrus/left middle frontal gyrus/left inferior frontal gyrus,the left posterior cingulated cortex/left precuneus,the left inferior parietal lobule/left angular gyrus,the right middle temporal gyrus/right superior temporal gyrus,the right orbit frontal cortex/right inferior frontal gyrus,the right inferior parietal lobule/right angular gyrums,and the right superior frontal gyrus/right middle frontal gyrus.There were also some regions that showed increased FC,which included the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum,the calcarine fissure,the left middle frontal gyrus,and the left precentral gyrus.(3) In the VCIND patients,the brain regions which positively correlated with the MoCA scores were the left inferior parietal lobule,the right middle temporal gyrus,the right superior frontal gyrus,and the left superior temporal gyrus.The negativerelated brain regions were the right posterior limb of internal capsule,the left middle temporal gyrus,the left precuneus,and the right anterior limb of internal capsule.Conclusions VCIND patients show abnormal FC pattern of anterior cingulated cortex,which could be the pathological basis of VCIND,and have certain predictive value for VCIND.

Objective To observe the effect of silibinin on the expression of integrin linked kinase (ILK),transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) induced by high glucose.Methods RPMCs were isolated,cultured and passaged by trypsin,then identified.The second generation of cultured RPMCs were used in the experiment.RPMCs were divided into normal control group,high glucose(1.5％,2.5％,4.25％)for 24 hours,high glucose (2.5％) for 12,24,48,72 hours,high glucose (2.5％) for 24 hours after silibinin (5,10,20 mg/L) preincubate for 2 hours.ILK and α-SMA mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.ILK protein was detected by Western blotting.TGF-β1 protein in supernatants was detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the expresssion of ILK,TGF-β1 and α-SAM was significantly increased in groups stimulated by high glucose (all P ＜ 0.05).Silibinin could significantly decrease the expression of ILK,TGF-β1 and α-SMA induced by high glucose (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions High glucose can up-regulate the expression of ILK,TGF-β1 and α-SMA.Silibinin can reverse these changes.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) on parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Eighty-three NPC patients received prima-ry IMRT between 2001 and 2003. Xerostomia before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, at 6-month, 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year after radiotherapy were investigated, respectively. The relation between xerostomia and parotid dose distribution was analyzed. Results Of all the patients,4,31,31 and 17 had stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣA disease, respectively. Sixteen patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The median followed-up time was 65 months. The 5-year local control and regional control rate were 96% and 95% ,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%. The mild xerostomia rate at the seven time points was 42%, 51%, 71%, 77%, 58%, 38% and 26%. The corresponding moderate xerostomia rate was 52%, 53%, 21%,8%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively. No serious xerostomia was observed. The mean dose of the bilateral parotid glands was 34.34 Gy. Xerostomia at 6-month after radiotherapy was positively correlated with the mean dose of the parotid glands, and D50 was the independent factor in predicting the xerostomia. Parotid function was well protected when the mean dose and D50 were no more than 33 Gy and 29 Gy,respectively. Conclusions IMRT can improve the local-regional control of NPC and protect the parotid glands from radiation-induced in-jury.

Objective To introduce improved program for traction wire production in endoscopic submucosal dis-section assisted by oral traction. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients who received en-doscopy intervention. Through the use of improved traction and normal traction, they were divided into experimental group and control group. Then analyze and compare their clinical data like gender, age, traction line installed perfect time, fixed lesions after hemostatic clip off times, one-time complete resection, enbloc resection rate, bleeding and perforation and other complications and other clinical conditions. Results The improvement time was (53.30 ±12.85) s in experimental group, it was significantly shorter than that in control group (105.00 ± 11.68) s ( = 3.42, <0.05). The experimental group fixed lesions after hemostatic clamp off times were significantly less than that in con-trol group (χ2=2.37, <0.05). Conclusions Using innovative methods, adequate preoperative preparation, the op-erator's tacit understanding of nursing cooperation, close attention to the disease after surgery is the key to achieve the desired results of endoscopic surgery.

Objective The aim of this study is to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF genes among different age groups of healthy Chinese Han individuals,and to analyze the correlation between the mRNA and protein expression levels andthe age of individuals in order to find new molecular markers for forensic age estimation.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 150 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals.The plasma was centrifuged from the whole blood by gradient centrifugation,and the totalRNA was extractedwithTrizol fromperipheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to quantitatively analyze the mRNA relative expression levels of ERCC1and XPF in PBMCs.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantitatively analyze the protein expression levels of ERCC1and XPF in plasma.Results There were no significant differences in the mRNA relative expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF in PBMCs between males and females(P＞0.05).Significant differences were found in the mRNA relative expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF between different age groups (P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed thatthe mRNA relative expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF were both negatively correlated with age.The correlation coefficients(r) were-0.578 and-0.844,respectively.When the age was used as independent variable(x) and the mRNA expression relative level as dependent variable (y),the fitting curveswere Y=3.3E-5X2-0.0261X+1.9175 (R2=0.3244,P＜0.01),Y=0.0003X2-0.0459X+2.0439 R2=0.729,P＜0.01),respectively.There were no significant differences inthe protein expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF in plasma between different age groups or genders (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mRNA relative expression levels of ERCC1 and XPF in PBMCsdeclined with the increase of age,however,the protein expression levels in plasma were unrelated to age.ERCC 1 and XPF genes can be used asnew molecular markers for forensic age estimation,so as to providetheoretical basis for establishing the mathematical model of ERCC1/XPF genesin concern ofindividual ages.

Objective To study the effect of electroencephalograph (EEG) bionic electrical stimulation at Wangu (GB12), Tianzhu (BL10), Neiguan (PC6) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in patients with persistent vegetative state (PVS). Methods 60 patients with PVS were divided into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=30) according to the random number table. The control group received routine treatment, including basic management, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, awaking medicine, sensory stimulation, and so on; while the observation group received EEG bionic electrical stimulation at bilateral Tianzhu, Wangu (cheif electrodes) and Neiguan (auxiliary electrodes) in addition. They were treated for 30 days. They were assessed with the PVS score, and observed with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) one day before and one day after treatment. Results The incidence of improvement was 86.67% in the observation group, more than 60.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The difference of blood flow velocity before and after treatment (ΔVm) of anterior-middle cerebral artery was more in the observation group than in the control group respectively (P< 0.001), as well as those of posterior cerebral-vertebral-basilar artery (P<0.01). The N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr) increased more in the observation group than in the control group respectively (P<0.01), and the choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) decreased more (P<0.01), after treatment. Conclusion EEG bionic electrical stimulation can improve the cerebral circulation and metabolism in patients with PVS, which may associate with the wake promoting.

OBJECTIVETo observe the microscopic characteristic of the bonding interface between resin cement and dentin before and after using Nd: YAG laser, and evaluate the effects of the Nd: YAG laser on the shear bond strength of 3 resin cements to dentin.

METHODS30 human premolars were cut into nearly equal halves, prepared to expose the dentin and randomly divided into two groups: Laser group and control group. The teeth in the laser group were processed with pulse Nd: YAG laser (0.8 W, 10 Hz) for 25 s, and then the teeth were bonded using 3 resin cements (RelyX ARC, Panavia F and RelyX Unicem) to dentin. All teeth in the control group were directly filled with 3 cements. The shear bond strength of specimens was measured. Each fractured specimen was examined under dental microscope. And 6 new human premolars were prepared into standard bonding specimens. After 3 teeth processed with pulse Nd: YAG laser, all teeth were bonded using 3 resin cements. To observe the microscopic characteristics of the bonding interface between resin cements and dentin.

RESULTSNd: YAG laser on dentin surface could increase bond strength of Panavia F and RelyX Unicem (P < 0.05). And the laser could decrease bond strength of RelyX ARC (P < 0.05). Most of the fractured adhesive dentin surfaces were adhesive failure modes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation on dentin surface could decrease the hybrid layer and resin tags between the resin cements (RelyX ARC and Panavia F) and dentin. The interface between RelyX Unicem and dentin showed no obvious change, and resin tags were not observed.

CONCLUSIONNd: YAG laser on dentin surface can increase bond strength of Panavia F and RelyX Unicem. Therefore, they can be used together in clinic.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Molar ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Resin Cements

Objective: To explore the value of serum microRNA-494 (miR-494) expression in predicting the prognosis of acute renal injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery in children. Methods: 116 children with AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart disease admitted to Sanya People's Hospital from January 2016 to March 2019 were enrolled. The expression of miR-494 in serum was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the levels of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of all the children. The children were divided into survival group and death group according to 28-day survival. Serum levels of miR-494, NGAL and KIM-1 were measured in two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of death in children with AKI after cardiac surgery. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of serum levels of miR-494, NGAL and KIM-1 in predicting prognosis of children with AKI after cardiac surgery was performed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum levels of miR-494 and NGAL, KIM-1. Results: After cardiopulmonary bypass in 116 children with AKI, 27 cases died and 89 cases survived during the 28-day observation. Compared with the survival group, the proportion of cyanosis in the death group was significantly increased, the proportion of blood perfusion was significantly decreased, the time of cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative mechanical ventilation were significantly prolonged, and the blood glucose level was significantly increased after operation. There was no significant difference in other general data. The serum levels of miR-494, NGAL and KIM-1 in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group [miR-494 (2^-ΔΔCt): 3.75±1.28 vs. 1.48±0.71, NGAL (mg/L): 583.60±52.72 vs. 320.52±31.84, KIM-1 (μg/L): 30.53±6.38 vs. 17.40±3.72, all P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed cyanosis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.716, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.184-2.982, P = 0.039], postoperative blood glucose (OR = 1.925, 95%CI was 1.262-3.387, P = 0.005), serum miR-494 (OR = 2.527, 95%CI was 1.706-5.148, P < 0.001), NGAL (OR = 2.473, 95%CI was 1.620-4.935, P < 0.001) and KIM-1 (OR = 1.805, 95%CI was 1.213-3.106, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for death in children with AKI after cardiac surgery. ROC curve analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) to predict the death of children with postoperative AKI was 0.868, 0.857 and 0.819 respectively, AUC of serum miR-494, NGAL and KIM-1 levels combination to predict the death of children with postoperative AKI was the largest (0.964, 95%CI was 0.908-0.997), with a high sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 91.8%. The correlation analysis showed the expression level of serum miR-494 was positively correlated with NGAL and KIM-1 in the death group (r₁ = 0.902, r₂ = 0.873, both P < 0.01). Conclusion Serum levels of miR-494 increased significantly in children with AKI after cardiac surgery, which is an independent risk factor for death in children with AKI after cardiac surgery, and the combination of NGAL and KIM-1 levels had a high value in predicting the prognosis of children with AKI after cardiac surgery.