Objective To explore the effect of distributed parallel-computing on the time of resampling of digitized human with different amounts of client.Methods Computers were randomly divided into one group of serial-computing and five groups of parallel-computing,and the same data of digitized human was resampled by each group.The resampling time of clients and server in each group,speedup of parallel-computing were compared.Results Compared with the group of serial-computing,the time of resampling of the groups of parallel-computing decreased greatly(P

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses living in the community. Methods:One hundred schizophrenic patients spouses and 60 control subjects were adminstered the General Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI). Results: The schizophrenic patients spouses reported significantly lower score on the quality of life than the controls in the domains of physical health, mental health, social function and economic condition. The characteristics of disease played an important role in the quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses were poorer than that of control subjects.

Objective Calcified epithelioma is a rare benign tumor in head and face. It is seldomly seen canceration. But it has local invasion behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the methodology in the diagnosis and treatment of calcified epithelioma in head and face, and to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 26 patients with calcified epithelioma in head and face. Results 53. 8 % patients with calcified epithelioma were less than 13-year-old. The disease was easily misdiagnozed. In this group of patients the misdiagnosis rate reached to 42. 3 %. Btype ultrasonographic diagnosis possessed a high level of concordance with histological diagnosis. There were three major types of calcified epithelioma: type 1, a mass with internal echoic foci; type 2, a hyperechoic mass with high beam; type 3, no calcification in the parenchyma. Piomatricoma was described as a skin tumour histologically composed of shadowcells, basophillic cells, foreign body giant cells and intracellular and stromal calcification. The treatment was excision and no recurrences were found by followup. Conclusions It is important for clinicians to know the clinical features of calcified epithelioma. Imaging studies including ultrasonography would help establish the diagnosis. Surgical excision with clear margins is recommended for this tumor.

Objective To find out the best orientation and section for diagnosing rheumatic heart disease using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods The visible heart was compared with the images by multiplane TEE for the establishment of the best orientation and section for multiplane TEE for the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. Results The best orientation and section of mitral valve detected by multiplane TEE were the four chamber view at 0? orientation at the end part of esophagus. The best orientation and section of aorta valve were short axis section of the heart at 45? orientation and long axis section of the heart at 135? orientation at the middle part of the esophagus. The best orientation and section were the short axis section at 45? orientation and the oblique short axis section at 0? orientation of the aorta valve at the middle and the upper part of esophagus. Conclusion The best orientation and section of TEE based on the study of the visible heart are helpful to simplify the operation procedure of multiplane TEE and to shorten the examining time.

Objective To investigate the effects of stress on the methylation of brain derived neurotrophic factor gene in the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD),and to investigate the relationship between BDNF gene methylation and MDD.Methods 47 cases of MDD were divided into MDD stress group (n=24) and MDD non stress group(n=23) while 27 health subjects were collected as normal control group.The methylation status of CpG island in the promoter region of BDNF gene in peripheral blood was detected by the method of heavy hydrogen and hydrogen sulfate.SPSS17.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data.The differences of 19 CpG methylation rates and the overall level of methylation rates of three groups were analyzed.Results The CpG overall methylation rates (median,interquartile range) of MDD stress group,MDD non stress group and normal control group was 189.150 (7.575),188.500 (400)and 480.200(770) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the overall methylation rate of CpG in the MDD stress group compared with MDD non stress group (P＞0.05).The CpG methylation rates (mean± SD or median,interquartile range) of three groups were detected as follows:CpG-1:2.600(0.275),2.700 (0.400),6.500(0.800);CpG-2:3.350(0.650),3.300(0.800),14.600(1.500);CpG-3:1.596±0.363,1.543±0.400,4.581 ±0.437;CpG-4:1.779±0.516,1.522±0.329,4.033 ±0.529;CpG-5:0.900 (0.575),0.800 (0.600),5.700 (1.500);CpG-6:6.258 ± 0.805,6.213 ±0.944,14.589±0.819;CpG-7:10.667±0.894,10.283± 1.006,15.000±0.763;CpG-8:16.421 ±0.697,16.330±0.775,24.796±0.547;CpG-9:4.713±0.565,4.891 ±0.554,28.826±0.679;CpG-10:10.254±0.902,10.378±0.777,11.381±0.538;CpG-11:24.125±2.301,24.170±2.613,37.474± 1.579;CpG-12:5.442±0.641,5.596±1.117,12.141 ±0.940;CpG-13:4.150(1.150),4.200(1.000),61.700(4.800);CpG-14:5.500±0.544,5.717±0.568,6.378±0.397;CpG-15:3.700 (0.700),4.100(1.000),63.300(2.500);CpG-16:8.200 (1.775),8.100(1.500),75.200(3.300);CpG-17:3.250(0.550),3.300(0.800),34.600(5.000);CpG-18:1.988±0.279,1.939±0.259,2.330±0.207;CpG-19:35.338±2.421,35.187±2.259,65.941 ±2.692.16 CpG methylation rates of 19 CpG were higher in MDD stress group and MDD non stress group.Compared with the normal control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in CpG methylation rate between MDD stress group and MDD non stress group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The overall methylation rate of CpG in BDNF gene promoter region is closely related with MDD,which may affect the incidence of MDD.There was no correlation between CpG methylation in BDNF gene promoter region and MDD,and stressful life events may not be the direct cause of CpG methylation in BDNF gene promoter region in patients with MDD.

Objective:To analyse the anatomical change of the human temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in the position of mandibular lateral displacement and to provide the anatomical data for temporomandibular disorder.Methods:3 of the 8 samples of selected fresh cadavers were adjusted to mandibular lateral displacement position, and 5 to edge-to-edge occlusion position,then samples were fixed and sectioned according to coronal and sagittal planes by using plastination technique. The feature of the thin plastination sections of the TMJ in the mandibular lateral displacement position and were compared with that in edge-to-edge occlusion position.Results:On the working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved backwords,upwards and outside in the articular fossa. Articular discs of TMJ did not move following condylar movement,but posterior band of the articular disc was suppressed by the condylar and articular fossa. On the non-working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved ahead,downwards and inwards along posterior incline of articular tuberculum,then articular discs did not move,and middle band of articular discs was suppressed by the condyle and articular tuberculum.Conclusions:The TMJ disc does not shift as TMJ condylar process turns in articular fossa.When the condylar turns and slides at the same time,the articular discs shift.

Objective To provide anatomic proof for the localization in neck operation and clinical diagnosis of infection and tumor infiltration. Methods A total of 15 cadaver heads and necks were sectioned on transverse plan with cryosection. The layers and characteristics of the deep cervical fascia were observed. Results The deep cervical fascia was divided into four layers with the fasciae of the infrahyoid muscles being a single layer. The deep layer of the deep cervical fascia was subdivided into alar fascia and prevertebral fascia. The carotid sheath was composed of all the layers of the deep cervical fascia. Conclusion The model figure of the deep cervical fascia is obtained.

Objective To study on how to remove the background in the digital images of visible human body.Methods After removing most of the background with standardized thresholds segmentation,we did identification,connection and noise-removing work against the edge around the target verge,and then the results of these two methods were combined to get the final image.Results Complex segmentation technology based on edge and thresholds effectively removed the background in the image of human body.Conclusion Compared with other segmentation algorithm,the algorithm presented here has better practical effect.

Objective To provide morphological data for image diagnosis and mediastinal surgery planning.Methods Cross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the first Chinese visible female human data-set were reviewed and the main structures of the superior mediastinum were confirmed on a section-by-section basis.The positional rule of the main structures in various plane of superior mediastinum was found out,and a few key sectional images were selected and compared with the relative images of CT or MRI,and the relative data on the cross-sectional images were collected.Results The cross-sectional images of the first Chinese visible female human fairly displayed the aortic arch and its 3 large branches,superior vena cava,left and right brachiocephalic veins,azygos vein,pulmonary trunk,trachea,esophagus,thoracic duct and so on,as well as their relationship clearly.Conclusion The first Chinese visible female human dataset can almost provide complete and accurate data.

Objective To find out the best orientations and sections in diagnosing tetralogy of Fallot using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).Methods The visible heart was compared with the images of multiplane TEE to determine the best orientations and sections in the multiplane TEE for tetralogy of Fallot.Results The best orientation and section of pulmonary artery and its branches in multiplane TEE was the pulmonary artery viewed at 0? from the upper part of esophagus;that of ventricular septal defect and aortic overriding were five chambers viewed at 0? from the middle part of esophagus or the left ventricle long-axis view at 135? from the middle and end parts of the esophagus;that of the right ventricular outflow tract stenosis and the right ventricular hypertrophy was the right ventricular outflow tract long-axis viewed at 45? from the middle part of esophagus.Conclusion The best orientations and sections in TEE based on the visible heart are helpful to simplify the operation procedure of multiplane TEE and to shorten the examination time.