Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses living in the community. Methods:One hundred schizophrenic patients spouses and 60 control subjects were adminstered the General Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI). Results: The schizophrenic patients spouses reported significantly lower score on the quality of life than the controls in the domains of physical health, mental health, social function and economic condition. The characteristics of disease played an important role in the quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses were poorer than that of control subjects.

Objective To explore the effect of distributed parallel-computing on the time of resampling of digitized human with different amounts of client.Methods Computers were randomly divided into one group of serial-computing and five groups of parallel-computing,and the same data of digitized human was resampled by each group.The resampling time of clients and server in each group,speedup of parallel-computing were compared.Results Compared with the group of serial-computing,the time of resampling of the groups of parallel-computing decreased greatly(P

Objective Calcified epithelioma is a rare benign tumor in head and face. It is seldomly seen canceration. But it has local invasion behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the methodology in the diagnosis and treatment of calcified epithelioma in head and face, and to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 26 patients with calcified epithelioma in head and face. Results 53. 8 % patients with calcified epithelioma were less than 13-year-old. The disease was easily misdiagnozed. In this group of patients the misdiagnosis rate reached to 42. 3 %. Btype ultrasonographic diagnosis possessed a high level of concordance with histological diagnosis. There were three major types of calcified epithelioma: type 1, a mass with internal echoic foci; type 2, a hyperechoic mass with high beam; type 3, no calcification in the parenchyma. Piomatricoma was described as a skin tumour histologically composed of shadowcells, basophillic cells, foreign body giant cells and intracellular and stromal calcification. The treatment was excision and no recurrences were found by followup. Conclusions It is important for clinicians to know the clinical features of calcified epithelioma. Imaging studies including ultrasonography would help establish the diagnosis. Surgical excision with clear margins is recommended for this tumor.

Objective To investigate the action of interlukin-2(IL-2),interlukin-6(IL-6) and its soluble receptors (sIL-2R,sIL-6R) in the first episode of depression in the patients of Uyghur nationality and the differences in IL-2,IL-6 and sIL-2R,sIL-6R levels between the responsive depressed patients and the refractory depressed patients treated with venlafaxine.Methods A case-control study design was conducted.57 first-episode patients with depression (patient group) and 55 healthy people matched with gender and age (control group) were recruited in the study.An intervention with sustained-releasing venlafaxine tablets at fixed dose of 150 mg/d was performed in the patient group.The severity of the illness was evaluated by using the Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD-17) before and after the therapy.And by calculating the reduction rate of HAMD-17 (≥ 50％ or ＜50％),the patients were divided into the responsive or refractory groups.The serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,sIL-2R and sIL-6R in patients and controls were tested by ELISA,and a re-test was done with the patients after treatment.Results There were statistical significant differences of the levels of serum IL-2,IL-6 and sIL-2R,sIL-6R between the patients and the control group (P ＜ 0.01).After treatment,the levels of serum IL-2,IL-6,sIL-2R and sIL-6R in responsive patients were significantly decreased when compared with those before the treatment(P＜ 0.01).The four indexes of refractory patients didn' t alter after venlafaxine treatment (P ＞ 0.05).There were positive correlations between HAMD,serum IL-2 (r =0.677 ; P =0.000) and IL-6 (r =0.197 ; P =0.033) before treatment in all patients.Conclusion Serum IL-2 and IL-6 may play a role in the onset of the depression.The efficacy of venlafaxine is negatively correlated with the levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6.Regulating the imbalanced inflammatory cytokines and the immune system may be one of the mechanisms of drug therapy of depression.

Objective To explore the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) promoter methylation for the morbidity of depression patients,and to investigate the relevance between BDNF promoter methylation and the suicidal ideation in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder.Methods The peripheral blood samples from 23 cases of depression patients with suicide ideation ,24 cases of depression patients without suicide ideation,and 27 healthy controls were grouped using simple randomization method, and the methylation status of CpG island of BDNF promoter were subsequently evaluated using bisulphite sequencing.Results The methylation rates(median,quartile interval) of depression patients with suicidal ideation, depression patients without suicidal attempt, and the healthy control were detected as follows, CPG-1 : 2.60 (0.28), 2.70 (0.60), 6.40 (1.00);CPG-2:3.35 (1.15),3.20 (1.00),14.50 (2.60);CPG-3:1.50 (0.40),1.50 (0.60),4.60 (0.90);CPG-4:1.75 (0.90) ,1.50 (0.50),3.90 (0.90);CPG-5:0.80 (0.58),0.90 (1.00),5.70 (2.10);CPG-6:6.05 (1.03),6.20 (1.70), 14.50 (1.70);CPG-7:10.55 (1.68), 10.10 (1.50), 14.70 (1.70);CPG-8:16.35 (0.90), 16.40 (1.00),4.80 (1.20);CPG-9:4.20 (4.80),4.70 (1.30),28.50 (19.30);CPG-10:10.25 (1.08),10.30 (1.20) ,4.30 (0.90);CPG-11:62.80 (4.05) ,62.30 (4.00) ,37.20 (2.60);CPG-12:5.60 (1.05) ,5.60 (1.30) ,12.30 (1.80);CPG-13:4.15 (1.10) ,4.10 (1.10) ,59.70 (4.90);CPG-14:5.45 (0.78) ,5.70 (0.90),6.30 (0.60);CPG-15:3.70 (0.70) ,3.90 (1.00) ,62.40 (6.50);CPG-16:8.05 (1.75) ,8.10 (1.60) ,74.30 (50.90);CPG-17:3.20 (0.78),3.20 (0.80),32.40 (13.20);CPG-18:1.90 (0.48),1.80 (0.40),2.30 (0.30);CPG-19 : 35.00 (6.27), 35.20 (3.00), 64.20 (44.70).There was an obvious difference in methylation rate among three groups,which was statistically significant (P＜0.01).However, no statistical significance for the methylation rates was observed between the depression patients with suicidal ideation and without suicidal ideation.Interestingly, statistical significance for the methylation rates were observed when compared the depression patients with suicidal ideation with healthy control (P＜ 0.05), and the depression patients without suicidal ideation with healthy control (P＜0.05).Conclusion The results show that the association is observed between BDNF promoter methylation and the morbidity of depressive disorder,but not between BDNF promoter methylation and the suicidal ideation of depression patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of stress on the methylation of brain derived neurotrophic factor gene in the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD),and to investigate the relationship between BDNF gene methylation and MDD.Methods 47 cases of MDD were divided into MDD stress group (n=24) and MDD non stress group(n=23) while 27 health subjects were collected as normal control group.The methylation status of CpG island in the promoter region of BDNF gene in peripheral blood was detected by the method of heavy hydrogen and hydrogen sulfate.SPSS17.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data.The differences of 19 CpG methylation rates and the overall level of methylation rates of three groups were analyzed.Results The CpG overall methylation rates (median,interquartile range) of MDD stress group,MDD non stress group and normal control group was 189.150 (7.575),188.500 (400)and 480.200(770) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the overall methylation rate of CpG in the MDD stress group compared with MDD non stress group (P＞0.05).The CpG methylation rates (mean± SD or median,interquartile range) of three groups were detected as follows:CpG-1:2.600(0.275),2.700 (0.400),6.500(0.800);CpG-2:3.350(0.650),3.300(0.800),14.600(1.500);CpG-3:1.596±0.363,1.543±0.400,4.581 ±0.437;CpG-4:1.779±0.516,1.522±0.329,4.033 ±0.529;CpG-5:0.900 (0.575),0.800 (0.600),5.700 (1.500);CpG-6:6.258 ± 0.805,6.213 ±0.944,14.589±0.819;CpG-7:10.667±0.894,10.283± 1.006,15.000±0.763;CpG-8:16.421 ±0.697,16.330±0.775,24.796±0.547;CpG-9:4.713±0.565,4.891 ±0.554,28.826±0.679;CpG-10:10.254±0.902,10.378±0.777,11.381±0.538;CpG-11:24.125±2.301,24.170±2.613,37.474± 1.579;CpG-12:5.442±0.641,5.596±1.117,12.141 ±0.940;CpG-13:4.150(1.150),4.200(1.000),61.700(4.800);CpG-14:5.500±0.544,5.717±0.568,6.378±0.397;CpG-15:3.700 (0.700),4.100(1.000),63.300(2.500);CpG-16:8.200 (1.775),8.100(1.500),75.200(3.300);CpG-17:3.250(0.550),3.300(0.800),34.600(5.000);CpG-18:1.988±0.279,1.939±0.259,2.330±0.207;CpG-19:35.338±2.421,35.187±2.259,65.941 ±2.692.16 CpG methylation rates of 19 CpG were higher in MDD stress group and MDD non stress group.Compared with the normal control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in CpG methylation rate between MDD stress group and MDD non stress group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The overall methylation rate of CpG in BDNF gene promoter region is closely related with MDD,which may affect the incidence of MDD.There was no correlation between CpG methylation in BDNF gene promoter region and MDD,and stressful life events may not be the direct cause of CpG methylation in BDNF gene promoter region in patients with MDD.

Objective:To analyse the anatomical change of the human temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in the position of mandibular lateral displacement and to provide the anatomical data for temporomandibular disorder.Methods:3 of the 8 samples of selected fresh cadavers were adjusted to mandibular lateral displacement position, and 5 to edge-to-edge occlusion position,then samples were fixed and sectioned according to coronal and sagittal planes by using plastination technique. The feature of the thin plastination sections of the TMJ in the mandibular lateral displacement position and were compared with that in edge-to-edge occlusion position.Results:On the working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved backwords,upwards and outside in the articular fossa. Articular discs of TMJ did not move following condylar movement,but posterior band of the articular disc was suppressed by the condylar and articular fossa. On the non-working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved ahead,downwards and inwards along posterior incline of articular tuberculum,then articular discs did not move,and middle band of articular discs was suppressed by the condyle and articular tuberculum.Conclusions:The TMJ disc does not shift as TMJ condylar process turns in articular fossa.When the condylar turns and slides at the same time,the articular discs shift.

Objective To provide anatomic proof for the localization in neck operation and clinical diagnosis of infection and tumor infiltration. Methods A total of 15 cadaver heads and necks were sectioned on transverse plan with cryosection. The layers and characteristics of the deep cervical fascia were observed. Results The deep cervical fascia was divided into four layers with the fasciae of the infrahyoid muscles being a single layer. The deep layer of the deep cervical fascia was subdivided into alar fascia and prevertebral fascia. The carotid sheath was composed of all the layers of the deep cervical fascia. Conclusion The model figure of the deep cervical fascia is obtained.

Objective To study the sectional anatomy of the heart with esophagus to provide the sectional anatomic data for transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods Hearts with esophaguses were sectioned at the angles of 0?, 45?, 90? and 135? relative to the human cross section by frozen section technique. The sectional anatomic structures were observed and analyzed. Results A total of 140, 130, 44 and 130 slices were obtained at the angles of 0?, 45?, 90? and 135?, respectively. The anatomic structures of the key slices were described. Conclusion The thin sections of the heart can clearly display the anatomical details of the inner structures of the heart, which may play an important role in the clinical application of TEE.

Objective To find out the best orientation and section for diagnosing rheumatic heart disease using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods The visible heart was compared with the images by multiplane TEE for the establishment of the best orientation and section for multiplane TEE for the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. Results The best orientation and section of mitral valve detected by multiplane TEE were the four chamber view at 0? orientation at the end part of esophagus. The best orientation and section of aorta valve were short axis section of the heart at 45? orientation and long axis section of the heart at 135? orientation at the middle part of the esophagus. The best orientation and section were the short axis section at 45? orientation and the oblique short axis section at 0? orientation of the aorta valve at the middle and the upper part of esophagus. Conclusion The best orientation and section of TEE based on the study of the visible heart are helpful to simplify the operation procedure of multiplane TEE and to shorten the examining time.