Objective: To determine the association between exposure to entertainment screen content on mobile phones and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students,so as to provide evidence for mental health interventions. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. A total of 1 135 college students were selected from one university each in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province and Hefei City, Anhui Province using cluster random sampling method. A follow up study was conducted in November 2019, resulting in 1 110 matched valid responses. Self rating questionnaires were used to assess the exposure of entertainment screen content. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students. A multivariate binary Logistic regression model was constructed following initial intergroup comparisons with Chi-square test to determine the association between baseline exposure to mobile entertainment screen content and the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity at baseline and the 6 month follow up. Results: The prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students were 25.4% and 20.6% at baseline and follow up, respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, self rated family economic status and self rated health status, the results of multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the appropriate exposure level group, the exposure of entertainment screen content on mobile phones at baseline, including frequent exposure to reading( OR =1.65,95% CI =1.14-2.39), occasional exposure to other entertainment screen content ( OR =1.46,95% CI =1.01-2.10)and frequent exposure to other entertainment screen content( OR =1.76,95% CI =1.20-2.60), increased the co-occurrence risk of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students during the follow up period (all P <0.05). Conclusion Occasional or frequert exposure to mobile entertainment screen content can increase the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity among college students.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides(DOP)on intestinal mucosal barrier damage,and to elucidate the possible mechanism.Methods:Ten female C57BL/6 mice,aged 5 months,were selected as young group;twenty femal C57BL/6 mice,aged 15 months,were randomly divided into aged group and DOP treatment group(200 mg·kg-1,DOP group),with 10 mice in each group.The mice in DOP group were administrated with DOP by gavage.The body mass,food intakes and hanging time of the mice in various groups were detected.HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of intestinal and spleen tissues of the mice in various groups.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of intestinal atresin 1(ZO-1)and Mucin 2(MUC2)in intestinal tissue of the mice in various groups.The intestinal baterial metabolite medium(IBMM)were prepared to intervene the Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans),and the C.elegans were randomly divided into Young-IBMM group,Aged-IBMM group,and DOP-IBMM group.Immuno-fluorescence method was used to analyze the intestinal lipofuscin accumulation levels on the 1st day and the 12th day of the C.elegans in various groups.Brilliant blue staining was used to assess the intestinal leakage on the 1st day and the 12th day of C.elegans in various groups.The Caco-2 cells were randomly divided into Young-IBMM,Aged-IBMM and DOP-IBMM groups,and Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),phosphorylated myosin light chain(p-MLC),myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)proteins in the Caco-2 cells in various groups.Results:Compared with young group,the body mass of the mice in aged group was increased(P＜0.05),the amount of food intake was decreased(P＜0.05),and the hanging time was decreased(P＜0.05);compared with aged group,the body mass of the mice in DOP group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the amount of food intake was increased(P＜0.05),and the hanging time was significantly extended(P＜0.01).The HE staining results showed that compared with young group,the thickness of intestinal mucosa of the mice in aged group became thinner,the goblet cells were reduced,the intestinal villi were disordered with different lengths,a large amount of hemosiderin was found on the surface of the spleen,the cell components in the red medullary were reduced,and the lymphatic sheath and lymphatic nodes around the intra-white pulp artery remained or almost disappeared;compared with aged group,the thickness of the intestinal mucosa of the mice in DOP group was increased,the goblet cells were increased,the length of the intestinal villi was consistent and neatly arranged,the overall function of the red pulp of the spleen was improved,and the components of the white pulp were increased.The immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with young group,the expression levels of ZO-1 and MUC2 proteins in intestinal tissue of the mice in aged group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001);compared with aged group,the expression levels of ZO-1 and MUC2 proteins in the intestinal tissue of the mice in DOP group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).The immuno-fluorescence analysis showed that compared with Young-IBMM group,the intestinal lipofuscin accumulation level of C.elegans in Aged-IBMM group was significantly increased(P＜0.001);compared with Aged-IBMM group,the intestinal lipofuscin accumulation level of C.elegans in DOP-IBMM group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The brilliant blue staining showed that compared with Young-IBMM group,the bright blue dye leaked into the whole body of C.elegans from intestinal tissue in Aged-IBMM group,and the intestinal structure became blurred and was difficulted to be observed;compared with Aged-IBMM group,the leakage of bright blue dye of C.elegans in DOP-IBMM was reduced.The Western blotting results showed that compared with Young-IBMM group,the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,p-MLC,and MLCK proteins in the Caco-2 cells in Aged-IBMM group were significantly increased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.001),and the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);compared with Aged-IBMM,the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,p-MLC and MLCK proteins in the Caco-2 cells in DOP-IBMM group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:DOP has an ameliorating effect on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in the aged mice,and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of intestinal barrier damage by regulating intestinal bacterial metabolites,inhibiting the p-MLC/MLCK signal pathway,restoring the expression of tight junction complexes,and reducing the level of intestinal inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the impact of ginseng alcohol extract(GEE)on improving sleep quality in the aged Drosophila model by regulating the redox balance,and to elucidate its associated mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two male drosophila melanogaster(7-days-old)were randomly selected as young group,while 64 male Drosophila melanogaster flies(35-days-old)were randomly assigned to aged model group(n=32)and GEE group(n=32).The sleep parameters,including total sleep duration,daytime sleep duration,night sleep duration,0-4 h of sleep duration after lights off(ZT0-4 sleep duration),deep sleep duration,sleep episodetimes,sleep fragmentation,and the activity parameters such as the total number of locomotor activity daytime locomotor activity amount and nighttime locomotor activity amount were analyzed using the DAM2 Drosophila behavioral analysis system 7 d after administration.The grouping of the drosophila was as above,and there were 100 drosophila ineach group.The differentially expressed proteins in drosophila brain tissue were screened,identified,and functionally analyzed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)proteomic methods.The grouping of the drosophila was as above,and there were 100 drosophila in each group.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the levels of lipid peroxidation product(MDA)in brain tissue of the drosophila were determined using assay kits.Results:Compared with young group,the total sleep duration daytime sleep duration and night sleep cluration of the drosophila in agaed group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);and the sleep rhythm amplitude was shortened.Compared with aged group,the total sleep duration and daytime and nighttime sleep durations of the drosphila in GEE group were lengthened(P<0.01).Compared with young group,the ZT0-4 sleep duration deep sleep duration and sleep fragment of the drosophila in aged group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the sleep rhythm amplitude was shortened.Compared with young group,the ZT0-4 sleep duration,deep sleep duration,and single sleep fragment of the drosphila in GEE group were significantly prolonged(P<0.01),and the sleep amplitude was increased.Compared with young group,there was no significant difference in diurnal spontaneous activity or total spontaneous activity of the drosophila in aged group(P>0.05),while the nocturnal spontaneous activity was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with aged group,the diurnal spontaneous activity,nocturnal spontaneous activity,and total spontaneous activity of the drosophila in GEE group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).A total of 47 differentially expressed proteins were selected in the 2D-DIGE electrophoretic mapping.Compared with young group,the expressions of 47 differentially expressed protein sites in aged group were down-regulated mainly including glutathione S-transferase,peroxiredoxin 1 and dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase,which were related to redox balance.Compared with young group,the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the drosophila in aged group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the level of MDA was increased(P<0.01);compared with aged group,the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the drosphila in GEE group were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the MDA level was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:GEE has improvement effect on the sleep quality of aged drosophila,and its possible mechanism may be related to upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes,inhibiting the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products,and maintaining redox balance.

Objective:To discuss the promotive effect of Shengji Yuhong Ointment extract(SYOE)on skin wound healing of zebrafish,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:A total of 320 wild-type AB strain zebrafish were used to establish a wound model by making an incision on the lateral abdomen.The zebrafish were randomly divided into control group,low dose of SYOE group(raised in water containing 0.625 mg·L-1 SYOE),high dose of SYOE group(raised in water containing 1.250 mg·L-1 SYOE),and allantoin group(raised in water containing 1.000 mng·L-1 allantoin),and there were 80 zebrafish in each group.The wound areas were recorded by photographs on days 7,14,and 21 after injury,and the wound healing rates were calculated.The skin tissue samples from the wound sites of the zebrafish in various groups were collected at different time points to prepare histological sections.HE staining was used to observe the widths of skin wound edges of the zebrafish on days 0,7,14,and 21 in various groups;Sirius red staining was used to detect the collagen levels in the wound tissues of the zebrafish on days 2,4,6,and 8 after injury in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of type Ⅰ collagen(Col Ⅰ)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the wound tissues on day 4 after injury;real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of Col Ⅰ-encoding genes(col1a1a,col1a1b,and col1a2)and α-SMA as wall as key factors of the transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway(tgfb1a,smad2,and smad3a)in the wound tissues of the zebrafish in various groups on day 4 after injury.Results:The wound healing assessment results showed that compared with control group,the wound healing rates of the zebrafish in low dose of SYOE group,high dose of SYOE group,and allantoin group were significantly increased on days 7,14,and 21 after injury(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the wound healing rate in high dose of SYOE group achieved 84％on day 21.The HE staining results showed that compared with control group,the widths of skin wound edges of the zebrafish in low dose of SYOE group,high dose of SYOE group,and allantoin group were significantly decreased on days 14 and 21 after injury(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The Sirius red staining results showed that compared with control group,the collagen levels in the skin wound tissue of the zebrafish in low dose of SYOE group,high dose of SYOE group,and allantoin group were significantly increased on days 6 and 8 after injury(P＜0.01).The ELISA results showed that on day 4 after injury,compared with control group,the levels of Col Ⅰ and α-SMA in the skin wound tissue of the zebrafish in low dose of SYOE group,high dose of SYOE group,and allantoin group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The RT-qPCR results showed that on day 4 after injury,compared with control group,the expression levels of col1a1b,col1a2,α-SMA,tgfb1a,and smad2 mRNA in the skin wound tissue of the zebrafish in low dose of SYOE group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while the expression levels of col1a1a,col1a1b,col1a2,α-SMA,tgfb1a,smad2,and smad3a mRNA in the skin wound tissue of the zebrafish in high dose of SYOE group and allantoin group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:SYOE can increase the collagen deposition in skin wound of zebrafish,promote wound healing,and upregulate the expression of genes related to the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chinese Herbal Anti-Alopecia and Hair Growth Solution(CHAaHGS)on the hair growth through in vitro experiments on the human dermal papilla cells(HDPCs),in vivo experiments in the C57BL/6 mice,and human efficacy tests,and to clarify its potential mechanism.Methods:The HDPCs were divided into control group,CHAaHGS group,and minoxidil group.MTT method was used to detect the proliferation activities of HDPCs in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)in the supernatant of HDPCs in various groups;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of VEGF,HGF,IGF-1,TGF-β1,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)mRNA in the HDPCs in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of β-catenin,dishevelled segment polarity protein 1(DVL1),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),phosphorylated GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β),and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 3a(Wnt3a)proteins in the HDPCs in various groups.A total of 18 mice were randomly divided into control group,CHAaHGS group,and minoxidil group,with 6 mice in each group.The mouse hair loss model was established using hair removal cream,and corresponding drug treatments were administered immediately after hair removal.The lengths and weights of newly grown hair on day 21 of the mice in various groups were detected;HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hair follicles in the dorsal depilated skin areas of the mice in various groups on day 7;ELISA method was used to detect the levels of VEGF,HGF,IGF-1,and TGF-β1 in the skin tissue of dorsal depilated areas of the mice in various groups.Sixty subjects were randomly divided into control group and CHAaHGS group,with 30 subjects in each group.The numbers of hair loss and hair densities of the subjects in various groups were detected at weeks 0,4,8,and 12.Results:The MTT assay results showed that compared with control group,the proliferation activity of the cells in 50 mg·L-1CHAaHGS group was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The ELISA assay results showed that compared with control group,the levels of VEGF,HGF,and IGF-1 in the cell supernatant of HDPCs in CHAaHGS group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the TGF-β1 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of VEGF,HGF,IGF-1,and ALP mRNA in the cells in CHAaHGS group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the TGF-β1 mRNA expression level was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of β-catenin,DVL1,p-GSK-3βand Wnt3a proteins in the cells in CHAaHGS group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the GSK-3β protein expression level was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In animal experiments,on day 21,compared with control group,the length of newly grown hair of the mice in CHAaHGS group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the hair weight was significantly increased(P＜0.01).On day 7,the HE staining results showed that compared with control group,the hair follicle spacing of the mice in CHAaHGS group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the number of hair follicles was significantly increased(P＜0.01);the ELISA assay results showed that compared with control group,the levels of VEGF,HGF,and IGF-1 in skin tissue of dorsal depilated area of the mice in CHAaHGS group were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the TGF-β1 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In human efficacy test,compared with control group,the number of hair loss of the subjects in CHAaHGS group was significantly decreased at week 12(P＜0.01),and the local hair density was increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:CHAaHGS promotes hair growth,and the mechanism may be related to its ability to increase the proliferation activity of HDPCs,induce the secretion of VEGF,HGF,and IGF-1,and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of dementia in the elderly and is closely related to the toxic effects of microglia sustained activation. In AD, sustained microglial activation triggers impaired synaptic pruning, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes is associated with regulating microglia function. Here, we use RNA sequencing to identify a deubiquitinase YOD1 as a regulator of microglial function and AD pathology. Further study showed that YOD1 knockout significantly improved the migration, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response of microglia, thereby improving the cognitive impairment of AD model mice. Through LC-MS/MS analysis combined with Co-IP, we found that Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), a key regulator maintaining microglia homeostasis, is an interacting protein of YOD1. Mechanistically, YOD1 binds to MYH9 and maintains its stability by removing the K48 ubiquitin chain from MYH9, thereby mediating the microglia polarization signaling pathway to mediate microglia homeostasis. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of microglial YOD1 in mediating microglia homeostasis and AD pathology, which provides a potential strategy for targeting microglia to treat AD.

Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is an extremely poisonous plant that is widely distributed in southern China and southeastern Asia. G. elegans poisoning events occur frequently in southern China, and are therefore an urgent public health problem requiring multidisciplinary action. However, the toxic components and toxicological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we describe a systematic investigation on the toxic components of G. elegans, resulting in the isolation and identification of 120 alkaloids. Based on acute toxicity screening, the structure-toxicity relationship of Gelsemium alkaloids was proposed for the first time. Moreover, gelsedine- and humantenine-type alkaloids were detected in the clinical blood sample, and were confirmed to be causative in the poisoning. The most toxic compound, gelsenicine (1), had selective inhibitory effects toward ventral respiratory group (VRG) neurons in the medulla, which is the main brain region controlling respiration in the central nervous system. Gelsenicine (1) strongly inhibited the firing of action potentials in VRG neurons through its ability to stimulate GABA_A receptors, the main receptors involved in inhibitory neurotransmission. Application of GABA_A receptor antagonists successively reversed action potential firing in gelsenicine (1)-treated VRG neurons. Importantly, the GABA_A receptor antagonists securinine and flumazenil significantly increased the survival of poisoned animals. Our findings provide insight into the components and mechanisms of G. elegans toxicity, and should assist the development of effective emergency treatments for G. elegans poisoning.

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of a deep learning framework to automatically analyze echocardiographic color Doppler videos in detecting valvular regurgitation.Materials and Methods This study retrospectively collected echocardiographic images of 1 109 patients with valvular regurgitation in the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,from June 2015 to September 2019 as the training and validation sets.A prospective continuous collection of 1 562 echocardiography images was used as the test set in the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from May 13 to June 13,2023,including 378 cases of mitral regurgitation and 223 cases of aortic regurgitation.This study developed deep learning networks to establish view classification model and valvular regurgitation recognition model,including the efficiency of section classification of deep learning models.Results The deep learning view classification model in this study could automatically identify two views for diagnosing mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.The recognition accuracy for the parasternal long axis color Doppler view and the apical four chamber mitral color Doppler view was 1.00 and 0.93,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the curve of the deep learning model for diagnosing mitral regurgitation were 0.847,0.852,0.849 and 0.930,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the curve of the deep learning model in diagnosing aortic regurgitation were 0.857,0.861,0.859 and 0.940,respectively.Conclusion Deep learning algorithms can automatically identify valvular regurgitation and have the potential to become a screening tool for valvular heart disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative fatigue syndrome(POFS)in patients undergoing laparoscopic resection for gastric carcinoma.Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic resection for gastric carcinoma at Xuzhou Central Hospital between September 2023 and June 2024 were enrolled.Inclusion criteria included age 18～75 years,ASA physical status classificationⅠ～Ⅲ,body mass index(BMI)of 18.5～27.9 kg/m2,preoperative Christensen score≤4,and estimated operation time≤4 hours.Patients were randomly allocated into either the lidocaine group(Group L)or the saline group(Group C)using a random number table,with 40 patients in each group.Group L received an intravenous infusion of lidocaine at a dose of 1.5 mg·kg?1 over 15 minutes,initiated 30 minutes before anesthesia induction.If no adverse reactions occurred,lidocaine was maintained at a rate of 1.5 mg/(kg·h)throughout the surgery until its conclusion.Group C received an equivalent volume of normal saline administered in the same manner.The Christensen score and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores were recorded on postoperative days 1,3,5,and 7,and the time-weighted average(TWA)of the Christensen score was calculated.Postoperative inflammatory markers were measured,and additional outcomes including extubation time,post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)stay duration,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV),consumption of rescue analgesics,time to first flatus and defecation,and length of hospital stay were also documented.Results Compared with Group C,the TWA of the Christensen score in Group L decreased by 0.44 points(95％CI:0.11～0.76;P<0.05).The VAS scores were significantly lower in Group L on postoperative days 1 and 3(P<0.05).Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at the end of surgery and 24 hours after surgery were also lower in Group L(P<0.05).The time to first flatus and defecation was significantly shorter in Group L(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding extubation time,PACU stay duration,incidence of PONV,postoperative consumption of remedial analgesic drugs,or length of hospital stay(P>0.05).Conclusion Intravenous lidocaine may improve POFS in patients following laparo-scopic resection for gastric carcinoma by attenuating inflammatory responses,alleviating pain,and facilitating gastrointestinal function recovery,while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

Objective To investigate the effect of orthosis design parameters on correction of scoliosis and orthosis-trunk interface pressure.Methods A finite element model of scoliosis was constructed to simulate the assembly effect of the orthosis.The orthosis was divided into four loading areas(left rib,right rib,anterior-left and posterior-right area)to simulate six modification conditions.In Models 1,2 and 3,a fixed modification of 20 mm was applied on the anterior left and posterior right areas,while the displacement loads of 20,25 and 30 mm were applied on both the left rib and right rib areas.In Models 4,5 and 6,a fixed modification of 25 mm was applied on left rib and right rib areas,with the displacement loads of 15,20 and 25 mm applied on both anterior left and posterior right areas.The Cobb angle,apical vertebral rotation(AVR)and interface pressure were calculated.Results The correction of Cobb angle in Models 1,2 and 3 was 8.94°,15.62° and 17.91°,respectively,with AVR correction of 7.53°,6.69° and 5.87°,respectively.In Models 4,5 and 6,the correction of Cobb angle was 14.55°,15.62° and 16.09°,with AVR correction of 5.25°,6.69° and 8.63°,respectively.In Model 6,the correction rate of Cobb angle and AVR was 45.48%and 41.22%,respectively,with a maximum pressure of 26.51 kPa on orthosis-trunk interface,achieving the most significant outcome.Conclusions The modification of orthosis has a significant effect on the correction of Cobb and AVR angles.The loading on the left rib and right rib areas mainly affect the Cobb angle,while the loading on the anterior left and posterior right areas mainly affect the spinal axial-rotation.A modification of 25 mm on all loading areas achieves the optimal spinal correction.This study provides the quantitative data for orthosis design.