To characterize the ultra-fine particles of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Phellodendron chinense Schneid and the ERMIAO PILL*, a compounded preparation of the above two drugs, for the purpose to observe a deeper view on their physico-chemical properties. Methods　By comparing their particle size, porosity and specific surface area with light and scanning electron microscope. Results　The size of the ultra-fine particles were more uniform in size, 90% of which were under 20 μm, their specific area were increased by 60% ～ 190% and bulk density were around 0.42 g/cm3, and the great majority of the plant cells were broken as compared with the conventional coarse powder. Conclusion　Both A. lancea and P. chinense together with their combined preparation became smaller in particle size, more uniformly distributed with increased specific surface area and broken cell wall.

Objective To study the refining of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (RSF) decoction by microfiltration combined with ultrafiltration method,and to compare the refining effect with that refined by alcohol sedimentation method.Methods HPLC was applied to analyze the content of oxymatrine,ultroviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in RSF decoction,and suitable concentration of NaOH solution for the detergent were chosen in order to wash the membrane.Results The refining effect is better and the recovery ratio of efficient components is higher in RSF decoction refined by microfiltration combined with ultrafiltration method than in those refined by alcohol sedimentation method.Microfiltration combined with ultrafiltration method is of simple operation and short period,and ultrafiltration membranes can be easily washed.Conclusion The microfiltration combined with ultrafiltration method can be used as the alternative for the traditional alcohol sedimentation method in refining of RSF decoction.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the disease activity and the serum levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies against various nuclear components in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Two hundred and twenty five SLE patients enrolled from 2000 to 2002 were evaluated retrospectively. All patients fulfilled the ACR 1997 diagnostic criteria for SLE. The patients were divided into three groups according to the disease activity: mild group (Group A), moderate group (Group B)and severe group (Group C), as assessed with SLEDAI score. These cases were also divided into 2 groups according to the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody. 52 out of 225 patients were followed up further. Results ①There was no correlation between the serum level of anti-dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI score, and between the serum level of ANA and SLEDAI score in 225 patients. ②The serum level of anti-dsDNA antibody in group C was higher than that in group A or group B (P 0.05). Conclusions A positive correlation between the anti-dsDNA antibody and the disease activity was found in the severe group of SLE, but not found in the mild or moderate group. Although the renal damage was more commonly seen in those with higher level of anti-dsDNA antibody, but there is no correlation between the level of anti-dsDNA antibody and the degree of renal lesion.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of FDG PET imaging in the follow up of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Methods Twelve patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma underwent FDG PET, CT and/or MRI during the follow up of 12 18 months after radiotherapy. The results of FDG PET were double blind evaluated and compared with these of CT and MRI. The recurrent lesions in six of these patients were pathologically confirmed and six by CT scan. Results Nine of 12 patients did not show any recurrence by CT and MRI scans. However, FDG PET scans showed significantly increased FDG metabolism, indicating recurrence in 3 of these patients. In 2 patients, both CT/MRI and FDG PET indicated recurrence. The remaining one patient had radiotherapy induced cerebral necrosis. He was misdiagnozed as an intracranial recurrence by MRI, but FDG imaging was negative. Conclusions FDG PET imaging has an advantage in distinguishing the relapse or necrosis in the follow up of post radiotherapy nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. PET, CT and MRI is able to give a detail both in morphological and functional changes of disease. They are especially useful in the follow up or the set up of treatment planning for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective　To discuss the clinical value of 18　F-FDG PET imaging in postoperative and postradiotherapeutic intracranial glioma during follow up study. Methods　18F-FDG PET imaging in 16 cases of postoperative and postradiotherapeutic intracranial glioma was compared with CT and/or MRI. Results　Contrast CT or MRI showed prominent irregular circular or nodular enhancement in 14 of 16 cases (64%),can not distinguished from postopertative changes, radioinjury, tumor residue or recurrence.Among them, 9 cases showed tumor residue or recurrence based on significantly increased FDG uptake, 5 were confirmed by pathologic study. The other 5 cases of cerebral necrosis and 2 cases with postoperative cerebral malacia demonstrated FDG uptake defects. Conclusions　18F-FDG PET imaging has significant dominance in characterizing lesions for differentiating residue or recurrent disease from radioinjury in intracranial glioma. Combined with CT and MRI can provide both anatomical and functional informations.

Objective: To study the refinement of general flavone of sophora flavescens decoction by macroporous resins combined with ceramic microfiltration membranes (MR-CM), and compare it with macroporous resin combined with alcohol-sedimentation (MR-AS). Methods: UV-spectrophotometry method was applied to analyze the content of general flavone of sophora flavescens. Results: The porous ratio and effect of eliminating impurity of general flavone of sophora flavescens decoction by MR-CM method was higher than those by MR-AS method, but the MR-CM method is of simple operation and short period.Conclusion: MR-CM method is better than alcohol-sedimentation-macroporous resin method in refining of general flavone of sophora flavescens decoction.

Object To characterize the ultra fine particles of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb ) DC., Phellodendron chinense Schneid and the ERMIAO PILL *, a compounded preparation of the above two drugs, for the purpose to observe a deeper view on their physico chemical properties Methods By comparing their particle size, porosity and specific surface area with light and scanning electron microscope Results The size of the ultra fine particles were more uniform in size, 90% of which were under 20 ?m, their specific area were increased by 60% ～ 190% and bulk density were around 0 42 g/cm 3, and the great majority of the plant cells were broken as compared with the conventional coarse powder Conclusion Both A. lancea and P chinense together with their combined preparation became smaller in particle size, more uniformly distributed with increased specific surface area and broken cell wall

Objective To develop a method for the determination of ganciclover in human plasma by RPHPLC.Methods Plasma containing ganciclover was extracted with methanol and methylene chloride,qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out directly.Working curve,linear range,recovery,precision and so on was obtained according to the sample pre-processing method and analysis state.The HPLC method has been taken to investigate the plasma concentration of ganciclover for 12 volunteers.Results The relationship of the peak area of ganciclover concentration in plasma linear within the range of 0.05 μg/mL～1.60 μg/mL(r=0.9999).The lowest detection limit was 0.01 μg/mL(S/N≥13).The intra and inter-day RSD were less than 5.1%respectively.The recovery is about 90.0%～95.4%.Conclusion The established method in the article was shown to be sensitive,accurate and simple for the determination of ganciclover level.It is suitable for clinical detection of ganciclover and forensic medicine and toxicology analysis.

Phospho-histone H2AX(γH2AX) has been widely used in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of ionizing radiation, carcinogenic substances and cigarette smoke as an important biomarker of DNA double stranded breaks ( DSBs) . The study developed an enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay for detection of the content ofγH2AX in cells to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke. The study exposed CHO cells with cigarette smoke total particulate matter ( TPM) and cigarette smoke condensate ( CSC) of different dose, dose-effect relationship between smoke exposure and DNA damage and the poisonous difference of cigarette smoke components has been investigated by detecting the content change ofγH2 AX in cells under different exposure time and dose. In addition, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in cells were also detected to study the mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure induced DSBs. The experiment result showed that the required time for the level ofγH2AX in cells grew to the peak prolonged with increased exposure dose. Once the level of γH2AX in cells grew to the peak value, then it decreased slowly; the level of γH2AX in cells rised with increasing dose of cigarette smoke;The effect of TPM on the content change of γH2AX was more than CSC; Moreover, smoke exposure could induce concentration increase of ROS in cells, and a good correlation of content change of ROS and γH2AX in cells were found, free radicals in cigarette smoke may be one major cause of DSBs.

Object To investigate the effects of ultra-fine powder technique and granularity of pellets on dissolution rate in vitro. Methods The dissolution rate of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL with different granule diameters in vitro was measured and compared with the index of berberine by UV spectro-photometry. Results The dissolution parameters T 50 and T d of four kinds of ultra-fine ERMIAO PILL are 61.60, 19.48, 17.84, 8.97 min and 102.3, 33.29, 26.98, 14.77 min, respectively. Those of general powder ERMIAO PILL with granule diameter of 2.4 mm are 89.61 and 155.68 min. Conclusion The dissolution rate of ultra-fine powder is quicker than that of general powder, and the rate increases with the granularity of PILL decreasing.