Pathogenesis and development of gastric carcinoma is a complicated process of polygene action. In recent years, it was recognized that the genes with relation to pathogenesis and development of gastric carcinoma include proto oncogenes, suppress genes and apoptosis gene. The three sorts of genes correlate with molecular pathology process of gastric carcinoma in various periods, and it certainly appears rules. The detection of some gastric carcinoma related genes are important in early diagnosis and prognosis of the tumor.

Objective To discusse the fouling mechanism of 0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 ceramic membrane in the microfiltration of Qiju Dihuang Pill aqueous extract. Methods Qiju Dihuang Pill aqueous extract was microfiltered in this experiment. The distributions of filtration resistance were studied according to the Darcy-Poiseuille principle. The substance of deposit on the membrane surface was analysed by Fourior transform infra-red spectrum and particle diameter analysis. The characteristic of the surface and cross section of the polluted membrane was observed by SEM. Results The filtration resistance was mainly concentrated on the surface of deposit resistance, the membrane itself and the concentration polarization resistance were less important, and the pore blocking resistance was the least important. Moreover, this result was proved by SEM analysis. The molecule of the fouling substance mainly contained peptid, carbonyl, and hydroxy bonds by IR. The particle size distribution of the deposit substance on the polluted membrane surface: The particle radius taking a larger percentage in volume concentrated in 18.267 ?m around, while the particle radius taking a larger percentage in quantity concentrated in 0.424 ?m around. Conclusion Study on the fouling mechanism of the membrane in the microfiltration provides a great significant guidance for exploring the effective measure of relieving the reduced membrane flux and the appropriate cleaning procotrol.

Objective To discuss the fouling mechanism of ceramic membrane in the microfiltation of extract of Qijudihuang Wan and obtain the effective cleaning method. Method The extract of Qijudihuang Wan was microfilted in this experiment, and the distributions of filtration resistance were studied according to the Darcy-Poiseuille principle. The characteristic of the surface and section of the polluted membrane was analysed by SEM also. Result ①For the main body, the filtration resistance is mainly decided by the deposit resistance, the membrane itself and the concentration polarization resistance are less important, and the pore blocking resistance is least important. Moreover, this result is proved by the analysis of SEM. ②The effective four-step cleaning procotrol, which can almost recover original membrane flux, is achieved by three cleaner, including ultrasound, NaOH solution and HCl solution. Conclusion Based on the different fouling mechanism, the appropriate cleaning method can be obtained. This provides great significance for the application of the industrialized manufacture.

AIM: To discuss the fouling mechanism of 0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 ceramic membrane in the microfiltation of extraction of Qijudihuang Pills, and obtain the effective cleaning procotrol. METHODS: The extract of Qijudihuang Pills microfiltered and the distributions of filtration resistance were studied according to the Darcy-Poiseuille principle. The characteristic of the surface and section of the polluted membrane were analysed by SEM also. RESULTS: ① For the main body, the filtration resistance was mainly decided by the deposit resistance, the membrane itself and the concentration polarization resistance were less important, and the pore blocking resistance was minimum. Moreover, this result was proved by the analysis of SEM. ② The effective four-step cleaning procotrol, which could almost recover original membrane flux, was achieved by three cleaner, including ultrasound, NaOH solution and HCl solution. CONCLUSION: Based on the different fouling mechanism,the appropriate cleaning procotrol can be obtained. This provides great significance for the application of the industrialized manufacture.

AIM: To discuss the fouling mechanism in 0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 commie membrane microfiltation of Tangkeqmg Compound water extract. METHODS: The total filtration resistance and its distribution were used as indexes to study the effect of pore size and materials of ceramic membrane on membrane fouling in clarification. SEM (scanning electronic microgragh) technology was used to study the microstructure of surface and section of new membrane and contammted membrane and physica and chemical examination were done on the fouling substances on the membrane surface. RESULTS: The pore size and materials of membrane affected the total filtration resistance and its distribution in clarification. The results of filtration resistance dislribution and SEM suggested that the fouling of 0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 membrane mainly lied on the surface. The contaminations on membrane surface were mostly the substances holding function groups, such as C=O, CO-NH and C-O-C. According to volume percentage, the semidiameter of contaminations on the membrane was mostly around 23.738 ?m. However, according to quantity percentage, the semidiameter of contaminations on the membrane was mostly around 0.521 ?m. CONCLUSION: Study on the fouling mechanism of the membrane is of great significance for looking for the effective measures for relieving the downward trend of the membrane flux and for the appropriate membrane cleaning in the clarification of Tangkeqing Compound extract using 0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 ceramic membrane.

Objective To study the distribution of filtration resistance in AL2O3(0.2 ?m) ceramic membrane microfiltration of Tangkeqing water extract,obtain the effective membrane cleaning methods,and enrich the theory of ceramic membrane cleaning technology.Methods The filtration resistance and its distribution were got with the filtration model of the Darcy-Poiseuille principle which was modified by M.MDa-Cin,etc.Meanwhile,The microstructure of fouled membrane surface and cross-section was analyzed by SEM.Results The main parts of filtration resistance lay in deposit layer and concentration polarization layer with the ratio of 52.5% and 34.4%,respectively.However,the membrane itself and the pore blocking were in the fewer ratios of 8.8% and 4.3%,respectively.The result was in accordance with that of SEM.The fouled AL2O3 membrane was cleaned with low-pressure tap water and ultrasonic wave successirely.Conclusion The appropriate cleaning means are chosen based on the filtration resistance,which can provide good instructions for the industrialized production.

Purpose:To investigate the correlation between the expression of gene protein of c-fos,bcl-2 and gastric cancer and to provide the evidence of molecular pathology for grouping and early diagnosis.Methods:The expressions of gene-protein of c-fos,bcl-2 of the resected specimen of 54 patients with gastric carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical method of S-P.All of the data were input into computer by system of Excel and SAS for statistical analysis.Results:The expressions of gene protein of c-fos,bcl-2 in intestinal type of gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than those in diffuse type (P=0.012, 0.0001, respectively).The expressions of gene protein of c-fos ,bcl-2 in the group of lymphaden metastasis were higher than that in the group of no lymphaden metastasis (c-fos 63.64%,54.55%;bcl-2 50.00%,27.27%), but no statistical significance.The expressions of c-fos , bcl-2 in atypical hyperplasia tissue nearby carcinoma and high differentiated carcinoma were stronger.Conclusions:The expressions of gene protein of c-fos,bcl-2 in intestinal type of gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than those in diffuse type.It showed that the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma have difference between the intestinal type and diffuse type and it maybe provide proofs for gastric carcinoma grouping.The expression of c-fos,bcl-2 can be used as the molecular pathological symbols for early diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the influence factors of serum CA125 level in patients with ovarian chocolate cysts,and to study the effect on serum CA125 level of interventional therapy.Methods A total of 103 patients with single unilateral chocolate cyst of ovary underwent interventional treatment.According the serum CA125 level before interventional therapy,the patients were divided into normal group (CA125≤35 U/ml) and abnormal group (35 U/ml＜CA125≤200 U/ml).The clinical indexes of patients and ultrasound characteristics of cyst were compared between the two groups.The changes of serum CA125 levels before and after interventional therapy were analyzed.Results The difference of the course of diseases,dysmenorrhea history,diameter of cysts had statistical difference between the two groups (all P＜0.05).There were no statistical differences of age,history of dilivery,abortion history,history of pelvic surgery,cyst location between the two groups (all P＞0.05).In abnormal group,the mean serum level of CA125 reduced at 3 months (P＜0.000 1) and 6 months (P ＜0.000 1) after interventional therapy.In the normal group,there was no significant difference of the mean serum level of CA125 before and after interventional therapy (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Serum CA125 level is influenced by dysmenorrhea history,course of disease,diameter of cysts.Ultrasound-guided interventional therapy has intervention effect on patients with abnormal serum CA125 level before interventional therapy.

Objective To identify two suspected Legionella pneumophila (L.pneumophila) strains isolated from environmental water and air conditioning cooling water systems in Guangzhou city.Methods The two strains were identified by their cultural characteristics,biochemical test,Legionella-specific primer PCR identification,PCR-enzymatic digestion analysis,16S rRNA,mip and rpoB gene sequencing analysis.Results The two suspected L.pneumophila isolates were identified as gram-negative bacillus appeared as white colonies on BCYEα-agar after incubation for 48 hours at 36℃.Both isolates were positive for oxidase,gelatinase and hydrolysis of hippurate,and negative for urease activity and nitrate reduction.Their phenotypic characteristics were similar to those of L.pneumophila strains.Results of PCR identification by using Legionella-specific primer were positive.Enzymatic digestion analysis showed that the 226 bp PCR products of two isolates were not digested by Taa Ⅰ.The two strains were classified as Legionella busanensis as indicated by gene sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA,mip and rpoB gene.Conclusion Two L.busanensis strains were first isolated from environmental and air conditioning cooling water systems in China.Due to their biochemical characteristics,L.busanensis strains were commonly misidentified as L.pneumophila,but could be effectively identified by PCR-enzymatic digestion analysis and multiple genes identification.

Objective:To investigate the differences in efficacy, survival outcomes, and acute and late toxicities for patients with local/regional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in combination with che-motherapy (CT) and by IMRT alone. Methods:A total of 72 newly diagnosed local/regional advanced NPC patients were randomly subjected to IMRT/RT+adjuvant CT (after radiotherapy, RT) (n=42) or IMRT+adjuvant CT (after RT) (n=30). The Kaplan-Meier meth-od was used to analyze the two-year local/regional control rates, distant metastasis-free survivals, and overall survivals. The acute and late radiation toxicities were evaluated based on the toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and European Organiza-tion for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Results:A median follow up period of 13.5 months was included in the study. The one-year and two-year local/regional control rates, distant metastasis-free survivals, and overall survival in the IMRT group were 95.0%, 80.0%, and 95.0%, and 80%, 60.0%, and 75.0%, respectively. For the IMRT+CT group, such rates were 100%, 96.4%, and 96.4%, and 100%, 92.9%, and 92.9%, respectively. The two-year local/regional control rate and distant metastasis-free survivals in the IMRT+CT group were higher than those in the IMRT group (P<0.05). Most patients had grade 1 to grade 2 acute radiation toxicities and grade 0 to grade 1 late radiation toxicities (P>0.05). No patient showed a grade 4 acute or late toxicity. The blood and gastrointestinal toxicity rates were high in the IMRT+CT group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The IMRT+CT treatment has potential advantages over the IMRT in the treatment of local/regional advanced NPC patients in terms of local/regional control and overall survival. The blood and gastrointestinal toxicity rates in the IMRT+CT group were higher than in the IMRT group but still within a tolerable range.