OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for better improving the risk perception of Omeprazole sodium for injection in nurses in a third-grade class-A hospital,strengthening risk management of ward drugs and ensuring safety of patients. METHODS:Nurses in the clinical departments in a third-grade class-A hospital where usage frequency of Omeprazole sodium for injection was relatively more were adopted as study subjects and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate on related knowledge on medication risk in nurses in emergency department,gastroenterology department,ICU and CCU in 2012 and 2014. RESULTS:51 and 81 questionnaires were distributed in 2012 and 2014,and 51 and 81 were effectively received with effective recovery of 100%and 100%,respectively. In both surveys,100% surveyed nurses could correctly choose one solvent at least,1.96% and 3.70%nurses could correctly choose 2 solvents;correct answering rates of intravenous administration time were 94.12% and 96.30%,re-spectively;correct answering rates of stable duration after preparation were both lower than 9%;correct answering rates of adverse reaction of this drug were 3.92% and 1.23%,respectively;correct answering rates of interaction of this drug were 1.96% and 6.17%,respectively;correct answering rates of stable formulation of this drug were 17.65%and 22.22%,respectively;the propor-tion of nurses observing ADRs were 25.49% and 13.58%,respectively;the proportion of nurses finding inappropriate compatibility were 15.69% and 22.22%,respectively,Ornidazole and sodium chloride injection was the most used incompatible drug;45% or more nurses hoping to strengthen the continuing education of nursing personnel. CONCLUSIONS:Nurses in this third-grade class-A hospital lack certain knowledge on the medication risk of Omeprazole sodium for injection,the drug risk management is not sufficient,and awareness prevention of drug risk is relative weak. It is suggested that the hospital should strengthen drug risk management system,nurses should strengthen the learning about drug risk and play the role of clinical pharmacists in the drug risk management to reduce the related drug risk and incidence of adverse reactions.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine colon cancer cell lines to determine whether Stat5b/Survivin plays an important role in the process of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. METHODS: Protein lysates were extracted from colon cancer cells. Human colon cancer cell line HT29 was transfected with Stat5b antisense oligonucleotide mediated by liposome. MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. EMSA was used to detect the activity of Stat5. Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of Stat5, p-Stat5, cyclin D1, Survivin, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. RESULTS: Targeting of Stat5 using antisense oligonucleotide against the translation site resulted in apoptosis and downregulaed the expressions of Stat5, p-Stat5, cyclin D1 and Survivin, but not Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. CONCLUSION: Constitutive activation of Stat5 is associated with the carcinogenesis of colon cancer cells. Blocking of Stat5 signaling inhibits the expression of Survivin and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effects and side effects of concurrent radiotherapy combined with interventional artery infusion chemotherapy in advanced cervical carcinoma.Methods 48 patients with advanced cervical carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups including concurrent radiotherapy combied with interventional artery.infusion ehemotherapy group (25 patients) and radiotherapy group (23 patients).Each patient in the concurrent radiotherapy combined with interventional artery infusion chemotherapy group was given THP,DDP and 5-Fu,repeatedly every 28 days,total 3-4 cycles.Radiotherapy was given at the same time.Results The effective rates of the concurrent radiotherapy combined with interventional artery infusion chemotherapy group and radiotherapy group were 92.0 ％ (23/25)and 69.6 ％ (16/23),respectively.The overall 3 year survival rates for the patients in concurrent radiotherapy eombined with interventional artery infusion chemotherapy group and radiotherapy group were 80.0 ％ (20/25)and 52.2 ％ (12/23),respectively,and there was statistically significant between the 2 groups (all P ＜ 0.05).No more side effects were found in the concurrent radiotherapy combined interventional artery infusion chemotherapy group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Concurrent radiotherapy combined with interventional artery infusion chemotherapy in advanced cervical carcinoma can increase short term therapeutic effect and improve the survival rate of the patients without more side effects.

Objective To investigate the effect of APE1 on differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into osteoclast-like cells(OCL) which induced by macrophage colony stimulating factor (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) .Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected by density gradient separation ;Constructed APE1 siRNA expression vector Ad5v-APE1 siRNA was used to transfect PBMCs .Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) method was conducted to identify the cells ,the expression level of APE1 was detected by Western blot ,the mRNA expression levels of Cathepsin K(CK) and V-ATPase were detected by RT-PCR .Results PBMCs transfected with APE1 siRNA had significantly lower protein expression of APE1 than untransfected cells (P< 0 .05) ;PBMCs could differentiate into OCL under the stimulation of RANKL and M-CSF ,the mRNA expression levels of CK and V-ATPase increased ;After APE1 siRNA treatment ,the number of OCL was reduced and the levels of CK and V-ATPase mRNA decreased .Conclusion PBMCs can differentiate into a large number of OCL induced by RANKL and M-CSF ,APE1 siRNA significantly inhibited differentiation of PBMCs into osteoclast-like cells , APE1 may be involved in the regulation of osteoclast-like differentiation process .

Objective To investigate the values of tCho concentration in early assessment therapeutic response of tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 1HMR spectroscopy. Methods Twenty patients with breast cancer were recruited. All patients underwent biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery after chemotherapy. The pathologic results before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared. The patients were divided into effective response group (R) and ineffective response group (IR). MRS acquisitions were performed within 1 week before chemotherapy and within 3 week after the first cycle of chemotherapy, respectively. The tCho concentration was calculated quantitatively using external standard method. The tCho concentrations before and after chemotherapy and the tumor sizes between R group and IR group were compared using t test and nonparametrie test. The values of tCho concentration in early assessment of the effectiveness of chemotherapy were analyzed by ROC. Results Of 20 cases, 16 were included in R group and 4 in IR group. In R group, significant differences of tCho concentration (t=5. 040, P < 0. 01 ) existed between before and after chemotherapy [ (4. 24 ± 3.09 ), ( 1.13 ± 1.14 ) mmol/L ], while not in I R group [ ( 3.72 ± 2. 69), ( 3.06 ± 2. 21 ) mmol/L, t = 1. 785, P > 0. 05 ]. The median sizes of tumor between R and IR group had no significant differences (0. 00,0. 00 cm, U = 23.00, W = 33.00, P = 0. 437). The area under ROC curve of tCho concentration was 0. 984. Conclusion With in vivo 1HMRS, the tChn concentration in breast cancer can serve as an indicator for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with relatively high sensitivity and specificity.

Objectives To explore the route of ESBL producing bacteria in neonatal faeces, and to investigate the gene and drug resistance of ESBL producing bacteria in intestinal tract of neonates. Methods Fecal samples of healthy newborns and their mothers were collected, and bacterial cultures were carried out using selective ESBL medium. The positive strains were identified by Time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ESBL genotyping and resistance gene detection were performed by whole genome sequencing technique. Results In 146 neonatal fecal specimens, the positive rate of ESBL producing bacteria was 8.90％,and the positive rate in the first time stool was 3.23％. Seventy-two hours after birth, the positive rate of fecal ESBL producing bacteria was 13.10％. Among the 13 ESBL producing strains, there were 9 strains of CTX type, 3 strains of TEM type and 1 strain of SHV type. Nine strains of CTX include five types such as CTX-M-24, CTX-M-18, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-42 and CTX-M-15. The positive rate of ESBL producing bacteria was 21.6％ in 167 mothers' fecal specimens. The ESBL genotype included 24 strains of CTX type, 6 strains of TEM type, 4 strains of SHV type and 2 strains of QnrS type. Twenty-four strains of CTX include CTX-M-24, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-18, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-42 and CTX-M-15. There were 2 or 3 ESBL genotypes in 12 maternal and neonatal specimens. It was detected to have 6 types of resistance gene such as aadA5, strA, strB, sul1, sul2 and dfrA17 in 49 strains of ESBL producing bacteria in maternal and neonatal strains. Resistance genes were exactly the same in the neonates as in mothers who were detected to have ESBL producing bacteria. A variety of resistance genes were detected in feces in 7 neonates and 23 mothers. Conclusions The neonates in hospital may be detected to have ESBL produing bacteria in the intestinal tract at the same time as their mothers or separately. However, there are many ways for neonates to have ESBL producing bacteria in intestinal tract. There are many genotypes and resistance genes of ESBL producing bacteria.

Objective To investigate the expressions of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the bacterial meningitis in rats and to explore the molecular mechanism for brain edema caused by bacterial meningitis.Methods Totally 40 of 3-week-old-Sprague-Dawley healthy rats,body weight 60-80 g,male or female,were divided into a normal control group(n =10),and infection groups:24 hours after injection(n =10),48 hours after injection(n =10),and 5 days after injection(n =10).The expressions of AQP4 in the brain were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods respectively after 24 hours,48 hours,5 days of inoculation.Results Mortality rate:no rats in the control group and the infection group after 24 hours were dead.Two rats in the infection group after 48 hours and 4 rats in the infection group after 5 days were dead because of serious sickness,with the mortality rates 20％ and 40％,respectively.AQP4 expression was slightly positive under light microscope,and the positive cells mainly surrounded glial cells and blood vessels,while neurons were not dyed.Immunohistochemical staining showed that AQP4 expression in the model group increased with the severity of edema;compared with the control group,the AQP4 expression in the brain tissues increased in different periods after rats were infected,and the differences between groups were statistically significant (F--91.84,P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis showed that after the brain received streptococcus pneumoniae injection,expression of AQP4 began to increase in 24 hours after streptococcal injection,and reached to the peak in 48 hours,but decreased in 5 days,but the expression still remained higher than that of the normal control group.Each group had statistically significant difference(F =14.23,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Expression of AQP4 in the models with bacterial meningitis may increase initially and decrease later.It suggests that AQP4 plays a protective role during the development of infectious brain edema.

Avermectins can affect biological processes of multiple tumor, including tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, regulation of tumor microenvironment and tumor stem cells. Avermectins can be administered alone or combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to reverse multidrug resistance. To further explore the anti-tumor mechanism of avermectins will provide reliable experimental and theoretical guidance for future clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo prepare puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle to increase the solubility of puerarin.

METHODSodium deoxycholate and soybean phospholipids were used to prepare puerarin mixed micelle through orthogonal design experiments. With the solubility, shape and particle size as the response indexes, the preparing process of puerarin mixed micelle was optimized.

RESULTThe optimized process for the puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle was that the puerarin, soya phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate with the mole ratio of 3:2:4 should be dissolved in methanol-chloroform (1:1), and the solvents should be evaporated rotatively at 30 degrees C. The particle diameter of the mixed micelle was (64.8 +/- 13) nm (volume-weighted particle size distribution), and the solubility was 0.811 1 g x L(-1) in water at the room temperature, which was 22.3 times as that of the raw puerarin (0.036 4 g x L-1).

CONCLUSIONThe puerarin deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelle can improve the solubility of puerarin significantly.

Deoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Micelles ; Particle Size ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solubility

According to different epochs and development needs, a series of practices on environmental health and sanitary engineering were carried out, which played significant roles in promoting national economic and social developments and protecting the public health. This paper reviewed the main achievements in the past 70 years infields of patriotic health campaign, water sanitation and toilet improvement in rural areas, surveillance and investigation, health standard system, sanitary engineering equipment, stove improvement etc., and then proposed several prospects in the future.