Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the change in the amount of sialic acids on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membrane.

METHODSSurgical specimens of HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues were obtained from 28 patients to prepare carcinoma cell and hepatocyte suspensions by collagenase digestion. For assay of α2, 3 and α2, 6-sialic acids, the cells were suspended in the staining buffer containing either fluorescein isothiocyanate-Maackia amurensis lectin (FITC-MAL) or fluorescein isothiocyanate-Sambucus nigra bark lectin (FITC-SNA) and incubated for 1 h, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to measure the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on the cell surface.

RESULTSIn both FITC-MAL- and FITC-SNA-incubated HCC cells, the MFI on the cell surface was greater than that of the hepatocytes.

CONCLUSIONBoth of α2, 3 and α2, 6- sialic acids increases significantly on the hepatocyte membrane after the carcinomatous change.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sialic Acids ; metabolism

With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism

With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxiredoxin II (PrxII) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their significance.

METHODSHCC was induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in 6 tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). The expression levels of PrxII mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot on HCC tissues and on their surrounding liver tissues (para-HCC). Biopsied liver tissues were taken before the HCC induction (pre-HCC) from the same animals and from a group of blank controlled animals that served as controls. Liver biopsy specimens from 18 cases of human HCC and from 17 healthy human volunteers were studied using the same methods.

RESULTSThe mRNA and protein expressions of PrxII in tree shrew HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in para-HCC and pre-HCC tissues, and also higher than those in the liver tissues from the control animals (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of PrxII mRNA and protein in human HCC tissues were also significantly higher than those in their para-HCC tissues and in the human normal liver tissues (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPrxII might play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and might be used as a molecular target for HCC prevention and treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxiredoxins ; genetics ; Tupaiidae

Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Lipoblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mesenchymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Animals ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of integrin beta 1 in hepatic cirrhosis (HC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe expression of integrin beta 1 in HCC, HC and normal liver tissues was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The association between the integrin beta 1 expression and clinical pathological features were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) The levels of integrin beta 1 mRNA and protein in the HCC (1.30+/-0.24, 90.50+/-33.50) and HC (1.58+/-0.31, 123.10+/-38.90) were much higher than that in the normal hepatic tissue (0.37+/-0.08, 11.90+/-6.00) (P less than 0.05). (2) The expression of integrin beta 1 was associated with HC (r = 0.692), Edmondson pathologic grade (F = 13.618), encapsulation (F = 17.857) and metastasis (F = 38.857) (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIntegrin beta 1 may play an important role in the development of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Integrin beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics