Sixty cases of diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats were radiologically reviewed and categorized by their characteristic radiographic signs. Any particular predilection for age, sex, or breed was not observed. Liver, stomach and small intestine were more commonly herniated. At least two radiographs, at different angles, were required for a valid diagnosis, because some radiographic signs were not visible in a single radiographic view and more clearly detectable in two radiographic views. In addition to previously reported radiographic signs for diaphragmatic hernia, we found that the location of the stomach axis and the displacement of tracheal and bronchial segments were also useful radiographic signs.
Animals ; Cat Diseases/*radiography ; Cats ; Diaphragm/abnormalities/radiography ; Dog Diseases/*radiography ; Dogs ; Female ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/radiography/*veterinary ; Intestine, Small/radiography ; Liver/radiography ; Lung/radiography ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic/veterinary ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach/radiography

No abstract available.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*complications/radiography ; Male ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/*complications/radiography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT findings of hepatic hypereosinophilic syndrome in which hepatic lobes or segments were involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic lobar or segmental involvement were included in our study. In all seven, diagnosis was based on liver biopsy and the results of corticosteroid treatment. CT findings were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists, who reached a consensus. Biopsy specimens were examined, with special reference to portal and periportal inflammation. RESULTS: CT demonstrated well-defined, homogeneous or heterogeneous low attenuation with a straight margin limited to a hepatic lobe (n = 2), segments (n = 3), or subsegments (n = 2), particularly during the portal phase. Where there was subsegmental involvement, lesions were multiple, ovoid or wedge-shaped, and showed low attenuation. In two patients with lobar or segmental involvement, segmental portal vein narrowing was observed. Histopathologic examination dis-closed eosinophilic infiltration in the periportal area, sinusoids and central veins, as well as portal phlebitis. CONCLUSION: Hypereosinophilic syndrome may involve the presence of hepatic lobar, segmental, or subsegmental low-attenuated lesions, as seen on CT images. Their presence may be related to damage of the liver parenchyma and to portal phlebitis.
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/pathology/*radiography ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Diseases/pathology/*radiography ; Male ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT findings of hepatic hypereosinophilic syndrome in which hepatic lobes or segments were involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic lobar or segmental involvement were included in our study. In all seven, diagnosis was based on liver biopsy and the results of corticosteroid treatment. CT findings were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists, who reached a consensus. Biopsy specimens were examined, with special reference to portal and periportal inflammation. RESULTS: CT demonstrated well-defined, homogeneous or heterogeneous low attenuation with a straight margin limited to a hepatic lobe (n = 2), segments (n = 3), or subsegments (n = 2), particularly during the portal phase. Where there was subsegmental involvement, lesions were multiple, ovoid or wedge-shaped, and showed low attenuation. In two patients with lobar or segmental involvement, segmental portal vein narrowing was observed. Histopathologic examination dis-closed eosinophilic infiltration in the periportal area, sinusoids and central veins, as well as portal phlebitis. CONCLUSION: Hypereosinophilic syndrome may involve the presence of hepatic lobar, segmental, or subsegmental low-attenuated lesions, as seen on CT images. Their presence may be related to damage of the liver parenchyma and to portal phlebitis.
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/pathology/*radiography ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Diseases/pathology/*radiography ; Male ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of applying MultiVane to liver T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) compared with conventional T2WIs with emphasis on detection of focal liver lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients (43 men and 35 women) with 86 hepatic lesions and 20 pancreatico-biliary diseases underwent MRI including T2WIs acquired using breath-hold (BH), respiratory-triggered (RT), and MultiVane technique at 3T. Two reviewers evaluated each T2WI with respect to artefacts, organ sharpness, and conspicuity of intrahepatic vessels, hilar duct, and main lesion using five-point scales, and made pairwise comparisons between T2WI sequences for these categories. Diagnostic accuracy (Az) and sensitivity for hepatic lesion detection were evaluated using alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: MultiVane T2WI was significantly better than BH-T2WI or RT-T2WI for organ sharpness and conspicuity of intrahepatic vessels and main lesion in both separate reviews and pairwise comparisons (p < 0.001). With regard to motion artefacts, MultiVane T2WI or BH-T2WI was better than RT-T2WI (p < 0.001). Conspicuity of hilar duct was better with BH-T2WI than with MultiVane T2WI (p = 0.030) or RT-T2WI (p < 0.001). For detection of 86 hepatic lesions, sensitivity (mean, 97.7%) of MultiVane T2WI was significantly higher than that of BH-T2WI (mean, 89.5%) (p = 0.008) or RT-T2WI (mean, 84.9%) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Applying the MultiVane technique to T2WI of the liver is a promising approach to improving image quality that results in increased detection of focal liver lesions compared with conventional T2WI.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Artifacts ; Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis/radiography ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis/radiography ; Retrospective Studies

Mucormycosis is a rare but invasive opportunistic fungal infection with increased frequency during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The clinical infections due to Mucor include rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and disseminated diseases. The first two are the most common diseases and all entities are associated with a high mortality rate. Still hepatic involvement of Mucor is rarely reported. We experienced a case of hepatic and small bowel mucormycosis in a 56-year-old woman after induction chemotherapy for B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Initial symptoms were a high fever unresponsive to broad spectrum antibiotics and pain in the left lower abdominal quadrant. It was followed by septic shock, deterioration of icterus and progressively elevated transaminase. An abdominal CT demonstrated multiple hypodense lesions with distinct margins in both lobes of liver and pericolic infiltration at small bowel and ascending colon. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the liver. The histopathology of the liver showed hyphae with the right-angle branching, typical of mucormycosis. The patient was managed with amphotericin B and operative correction of the perforated part of the small bowel was performed. However, the patient expired due to progressive hepatic failure despite corrective surgery and long-term amphotericin B therapy.
Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Intestinal Diseases/therapy ; Intestinal Diseases/radiography ; Intestinal Diseases/pathology* ; Intestinal Diseases/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/radiography ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Liver Diseases/therapy ; Liver Diseases/radiography ; Liver Diseases/pathology* ; Liver Diseases/microbiology ; Middle Age ; Mucormycosis/therapy ; Mucormycosis/radiography ; Mucormycosis/pathology* ; Mucormycosis/microbiology ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spectrum, prevalence, and significance of incidental non-cardiac findings (INCF) in patients referred for a non-invasive coronary angiography using a 128-slice multi-detector CT (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects included 1,044 patients; 774 males (mean age, 59.9 years) and 270 females (mean age, 63 years), referred for a coronary CT angiography on a 128-slice MDCT scanner. The scans were acquired from the level of the carina to just below the diaphragm. To evaluate INCFs, images were reconstructed with a large field of view (> 300 mm) covering the entire thorax. Images were reviewed in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, using the mediastinal, lung, and bone windows. The INCFs were classified as severe, indeterminate, and mild, based on their clinical importance, and as thoracic or abdominal based on their locations. RESULTS: Incidental non-cardiac findings were detected in 56% of patients (588 of 1,044), including 435 males (mean age, 65.6 years) and 153 females (mean age, 67.9 years). A total of 729 INCFs were observed: 459 (63%) mild (58% thoracic, 43% abdominal), 96 (13%) indeterminate (95% thoracic, 5% abdominal), and 174 (24%) severe (87% thoracic, 13% abdominal). The prevalence of severe INCFs was 15%. Two severe INCFs were histologically verified as lung cancers. CONCLUSION: The 128-slice MDCT coronary angiography, in addition to cardiac imaging, can provide important information on the pathology of the chest and upper abdomen. The presence of severe INCFs is not rare, especially in the thorax. Therefore, all organs in the scan should be thoroughly evaluated in daily clinical practice.
Aged ; Aortic Aneurysm/radiography ; *Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Incidental Findings ; Liver Diseases/radiography ; Lung Diseases/radiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Hepatocyte specific contrast agents including gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine are very useful to diagnose various benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions and even helpful to estimate hepatic functional reservoir. The far delayed phase image referred to as the hepatobiliary phase makes the sensitivity of detection for malignant focal hepatic lesions increased, but specificity of malignant diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma, characterization remained to be undetermined.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiography ; Cholangiocarcinoma/radiography ; Contrast Media/chemistry/*diagnostic use ; Hemangioma/radiography ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*radiography ; Liver Neoplasms/radiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meglumine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/diagnostic use ; Organometallic Compounds/chemistry/*diagnostic use

No abstract available.
Female ; Hemangioma/*pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*pathology/radiography ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

CT colonography is a promising technique that provides both multiplanar and endoluminal perspective of the air-filled, distended, cleaned colon. "Virtual colonoscopy" refers to computer-simulated 3D endoscopic visualization of the colonic mucosal surface. Unlike barium enema and conventional colonoscopy, CT colonography can give cross- sectional and endoluminal images of the colon and enables to image extracolic abnormality. CT colonography offers potential advantages over colonoscopy in that it causes little discomfort to the patient, and does not need sedation. It is more accurate in spatial location of lesions and creates no complication. To date, most studies assessing CT colonography have focused in technical development, less aggressive bowel preparation, and computer-aided diagnosis of polyp detection. In the future, CT colonography would be a diagnostic and screening tool for the colorectal polyp and cancer.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis/*radiography ; Lung Volume Measurements ; Pulmonary Veins/radiography ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/instrumentation/*methods