Antigens, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry

Poison the rats by pesticide Bassa with dose 205mg/kg of their body mass. Observe the changes morphological and chemical structure of rats liver, remark: The changes in the liver were clearly show on the thirdly days, find expression: disorder circulation of the blood, degradation cytoplasma of hepatocytes, number hepatocytes with 2 nuclei diminished, decreased in quantities glycogen, increased in the number lipid. After the third day, regeneration of the liver rapidly happened
Poisoning ; Rats ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; liver ;

Curcuma wenyujin, as one of the eight Daodi-herbs in Zhejiang province, is widely used. It has the effects of eliminating stasis and dissipating mass, moving Qi and activating blood, and clearing heart and relieving depression. Modern studies have shown that it has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-thrombus and liver-protecting effects and mainly contains sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and curcumins. This paper reviews the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of C. wenyujin in the last decade, discusses the modern clinical applications combined with the traditional efficacy, and predicts its quality markers(Q-markers) from plant consanguinity, medicinal properties, efficacy, processing and measurability of chemical components based on the theory of Q-markers, so as to provide a reference for the establishment of a scientific quality evaluation system and the research and application of this herb in the future.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Curcuma/chemistry* ; Liver

To evaluate the distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells in various liver diseases, we undertook an immunohistochemical study of liver diseases including chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholelithiasis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a control, fetal livers (gestational age: 22-26 weeks) showed alpha-SMA positive cells along the blood vessels of the portal area, terminal hepatic venules and at perisinusoidal spaces. Perisinusoidal alpha-SMA positive cells were bipolar shaped and had round nuclei. In chronic persistent hepatitis, a few alpha-SMA positive cells were admixed with the inflammatory infiltrates mostly along the intact limiting plate. They were also detected multifocally in a linear pattern along the dilated sinusoid. In chronic active hepatitis, very strong alpha-SMA staining was detected at the site of piecemeal necrosis and adjacent lobules. A-SMA expression was decreased in some cases after interferon treatment. In cases of transplanted liver biopsies, expression of intralobular alpha-SMA was diffusely increased but showed no correlation with degree of acute rejection. Cirrhotic livers revealed strong alpha-SMA positivity in fibrous septae as well as in the perisinusoidal space of intact hepatocytes at the leading edge of fibrosis. Interlobular bile ducts were concentrically circumscribed by alpha-SMA positive cells in cases of intrahepatic cholelithiasis. In trabecular type hepatocellular carcinomas, most sinusoidal lining cells were positive for alpha-SMA. Most intralobular alpha-SMA positive cells represent, if not all, perisinusoidal cells (PSCs) which are involved in intralobular fibrogenesis in various liver diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Actins/*analysis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry ; Female ; Hepatitis/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/chemistry ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism ; Liver Diseases/*metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/chemistry ; Pregnancy

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a major component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Fusion of promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) with retinoic acid receptor alpha gene with the t (15;17) translocation causes disassembly of PML NBs, leading to development of acute promyelocytic leukemia. In contrast, PML overexpression as well as different morphological changes of PML NBs were described in a few solid tumors. In this study, the expression of PML through the multistep hepatocarcinogenesis was analyzed in 95 cases of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) for comparison along with dysplastic nodules (DNs) and background liver cirrhosis (LC) or chronic hepatitis by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. In addition, cases of HCCs were further evaluated according to their histologic grade and etiology. The amount of PML as well as the num-ber and size of PML NBs increased gradually through the progression from LC, DNs to HCCs. The overexpression of PML in HCCs was much more closely associated with HBV infection than HCV infection or alcoholic liver disease. The PML expression, however, was not correlated with histologic grade of HCCs. These results suggest that PML is involved in the early stage of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, and HBV infection may be associated with the overexpression of PML and the morphological alteration of PML NBs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus/*chemistry ; Human ; Liver/chemistry ; Liver Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis ; Precancerous Conditions/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Transcription Factors/*analysis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

In order to enhance the anticoagulant properties of decellularized biological materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering research via heparinized process, the decellularized porcine liver scaffolds were respectively immobilized with heparin through layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LBL), multi-point attachment (MPA) or end-point attachment (EPA). The effects of heparinization and anticoagulant ability were tested. The results showed that the three different scaffolds had different contents of heparin. All the three kinds of heparinized scaffolds gained better performance of anticoagulant than that of the control scaffold. The thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of EPA scaffold group were longest in all the groups, and all the three times exceeded the measurement limit of the instrument. In addition, EPA scaffolds group showed the shortest prepared time, the slowest speed for heparin release and the longest recalcification time among all the groups. The decellularized biological materials for tissue engineering acquire the best effect of anticoagulant ability in vitro via EPA heparinized technique.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Heparin ; chemistry ; Liver ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo scrutinize the immunohistochemical spectrum to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) in the liver.

METHODSSeven antibodies including AFP, Hep Par 1, CK18, CK19, CA19-9, CD34 and pCEA were immunohistochemically stained in resected specimens of 300 HCC, 35 ICC and 30 MAC. The specificity and sensitivity of the antibodies were evaluated by comprehensive capability score (CCS), with only those with CCS > or = 8 considered as having highly diagnostic value.

RESULTSAntibodies CCS > or = 8 were observed as Hep Par 1 and CD34 in HCC, and CK19 in ICC, but none in MAC. For HCC, CCS of Hep Par 1 was higher than that of AFP (9 vs. 7) with 83.7% in sensitivity and 96.7% in specificity.

CONCLUSIONFor HCC, Hep Par 1 and CD34 can be used as the first line antibodies, AFP and pCEA as the second line ones. CK19 is the first line antibody for ICC, and CA19-9 as the second. Hep Par 1, CD34 and CK19 are definitely helpful for the routine immunohistochemical stain to differentiate HCC from ICC and MAC.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo prepare polyelectrolyte multilayer film-coated microbubble ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) and evaluate its effects in contrast imaging on normal rabbit's liver parenchyma.

METHODSPerfluorocarbon (PFC) -containing microbubble UCA (ST68-PFC) were prepared by sonication-based on surfactants (Span 60 and Tween 80). Subsequently, the resulting ST68-PFC microbubbles were coated using oppositely charged polylysine (PLL) and alginate (Alg) by microbubble-templated layer-by-layer self-assembly technique via electrostatic interaction. The enhancement effects in contrast imaging on normal rabbit's liver parenchyma were assessed.

RESULTSThe obtained microbubble UCA exhibited a narrow size distribution. The polyelectrolytes were successfully assembled onto the surface of ST68-PFC microbubbles. In vivo experiment showed that polyelectrolyte multilayer film-coated UCA effectively enhanced the imaging of rabbit's liver parenchyma.

CONCLUSIONSThe novel microbubble UCA obtained via layer-by-layer self-assembly, when enabling more functions, has no obvious difference in enhancement effects compared with the premodified microbubbles. The polymers with chemically active groups (such as amino group and carboxyl group) can be used as the outermost layer for the attachment of targeting ligands to microbubbles, which allows the selective targeting of the microbubbles to desired sites.

Alginates ; chemistry ; Animals ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fluorocarbons ; chemistry ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Microbubbles ; Polylysine ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo access the capability of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) -based metabonomics in the evaluation of graft function in the perioperation period of liver transplantation.

METHODSPlasma samples of 15 male primary hepatic carcinoma patients were collected for clinical biochemical analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy 1 day before operation, 1 day and 1 week after the operation. The NMR data were analyzed using principal component analysis.

RESULTSMetabonomic analysis indicated that, compared with those before operation, blood concentrations of valine, alanine, acetone, succinic acid, glutamine, choline, lactate, and glucose increased significantly 1 day after transplantation. One week later, the levels of lipids and choline increased notably, while those of glucose and amino acids decreased. Principal component analysis showed significant difference between metabolic profiles of plasma samples of variant periods of liver transplantation, due to the variation of the levels of glucose, lipids, lactate, and choline. A good agreement was observed between clinical chemistry and metabonomic data.

CONCLUSIONSMetabonomic analysis can clearly identify the difference between the plasma samples of primary hepatic carcinoma patients at different time during the perioperation period of liver transplantation. It therefore may be a promising new technology in predicting the outcomes of liver transplantation.

Acetone ; blood ; chemistry ; Alanine ; blood ; chemistry ; Biomarkers ; blood ; chemistry ; Blood Glucose ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; blood ; chemistry ; surgery ; Choline ; blood ; chemistry ; Glutamine ; blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; chemistry ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; chemistry ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolome ; Succinic Acid ; blood ; chemistry ; Treatment Outcome ; Valine ; blood ; chemistry

Background: Curcuminoid in crocus has a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects such as antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antispasmodic activities. Curcuminoid \ufffd?biofavonoid, a component of Cucuma longa L is attracting attention of researchers because of their effects and low toxicity. Objectives:To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of curcuminoid on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetraclorid (CCl4 and paracetamol (PAR) in mice.) Subjects and method: Curcuminoid at doses of 60mg/kg and 120mg/kg were used in 8 consecutive days before hepatotoxins ( CCl4 0.5ml/kg in olive oil or PAR 400mg/kg) in mice.Results & Conclusion: Curcuminoid has hepatoprotective effect, expressed by reductions of serum levels of ALT, AST and liver histopathological injuries, in comparison with the control group ( which didn\u2019t use any drug). Curcuminoid at doses of 60mg/kg and 120mg/kg have hepatoprotective effect on acute liverinjury induced by carbon tetraclorid and paracetamol in mice. Curcuminoid at two different doses and silymarin at a dose 67mg/kg. The result showed that just low dose of curcuminoid (60mg/kg in mice) was enough to protect liver. It was just cheaper and safer than using high dose when using high dose the effect was not increase much.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Curcuma/ chemistry ; drug effects ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury