Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Shock ; mortality ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Survival Rate

Acetamides ; Aminopyrine ; Animals ; Breath Tests ; methods ; Carbon Isotopes ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Phenylalanine ; Prognosis

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Biopsy ; adverse effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Vagus Nerve ; physiopathology ; Vasomotor System ; physiopathology

Spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely rare, and the exact pathogenesis leading to this remarkable phenomenon remains unclear. We describe a case of spontaneous regression of an incidentally discovered hepatocellular carcinoma in a 63-year-old man with hepatitis C cirrhosis. The regression followed a series of events, in particular, an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Ischaemic insult may be a major pathway leading to tumour regression. As limited data is available in the literature, knowledge and recognition of this rare event will have implications for patient management and may alter treatment. Further, data may be useful to assess if these patients have an altered prognosis with improved survival.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood supply ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood supply ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To raise traditional medicine to a higher level of scientific research, a mathematical model has been proposed using symbolic notations and operators to describe several disease symptoms generally recognized in traditional medicine. Even though this model to a certain degree offers a mathematical approach to identify the relationships between yin-yang and the five viscera, it is not an efficient means of explaining the pathology in traditional medicine due to its use of superfluous notations and definitions. In this paper, we introduce two concise operators, a self-development operator and an action operator: the former describes the effect of a viscus in the unbalanced state on other viscera: the latter explains the engendering and restraining relationships between the two viscera. These tools are useful to elucidate the interactions among the states of the five viscera based on yin-yang and the five elements theory. Our mathematical model with these two operators facilitates description for the scheme of deficiency-excess of yin-yang in the five viscera. Accordingly, we have mathematically refined the existing results and shown clinical applications as well.
Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Models, Theoretical ; Viscera ; pathology ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVESTo study the effectiveness of the lidocaine test in evaluating the liver reserve of rats with experimental liver injury in different phases.

METHODS40 healthy male Wistar rats were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Rats of the experimental group received subcutaneous CCl4 in oil injection, and rats of the control group received saline injections. Monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test, common hepatic function tests and histological examination of the livers were performed on all the rats.

RESULTSWith the development of the severity in liver injury, the concentrations of the serum MEGX in lidocaine test decreased gradually, which were consistent with liver histological changes. However, the results from the common liver function tests were all abnormal in the experimental group and were not consistent with the liver histological changes.

CONCLUSIONThe results obtained from the MEGX test are more agreeable to liver histological changes than those from common liver function tests. The results from the MEGX test can represent liver histological changes concisely.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Lidocaine ; analogs & derivatives ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The indications for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were successfully expanded from pediatric to adult cases last 15 years. During this process, graft type has been shifted from left side liver to right side liver. Although the introduction of right lobe graft can successfully increase the actual graft size in LDLT, problem related to "small-for-size grafts" have gradually come to light. "Small-for-size syndrome", such as poor bile production, delayed synthetic function, prolonged cholestasis, and intractable ascites, leading to septic complications and higher mortality, are neither specific nor inevitable in low-weight liver grafts. Many factors other than actual graft weight contribute to the occurrence of "small-for-size syndrome". In the clinical setting, surgical modification targeting portal hemodynamics and tissue congestion is a key to overcome "small-for-size syndrome". Until now, several therapeutic options were reported, but further elucidation of the pathogenesis in "small-for-size syndrome" will be a solution for improving the outcomes in adult-to-adult LDLT.
Humans ; Liver/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects ; *Living Donors ; Organ Size ; Transplants

The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and plays a key role in normal vascular function. Its failure plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various diseases including liver diseases. Lymphangiogenesis (the growth of lymphatic vessels) and changes in the properties of lymphatic vessels are associated with pathogenesis of tumor metastases, ascites formation, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Despite its significant role in liver diseases and its importance as a potential therapeutic target for those diseases, the lymphatic vascular system of the liver is poorly understood. Therefore, how the lymphatic vascular system in general and lymphangiogenesis in particular are mechanistically related to the pathogenesis and maintenance of liver diseases are largely unknown. This article summarizes: 1) the lymphatic vascular system; 2) its role in liver tumors, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and portal hypertension; and 3) its role in ascites formation.
Ascites/*etiology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/complications/pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/pathology ; Liver Diseases/complications/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/complications/pathology ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism/physiopathology

We retrospectively collected the ultrasound imaging data of 152 patients with cirrhosis, the gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) and portal hemodynamics parameters (portal vein diameter, portal vein mean flow velocity, portal vein blood flow) were recorded,and SPSS 11.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between them. The results revealed that there was good correlation between portal vein diameter and the degree of gallbladder wall thickening (r 0.944, P < 0.05). Portal vein mean velocity and portal vein blood flow were both negatively correlated with gallbladder wall thickness (r = -0.939 or r = -0.950, respectively; both P < or = 0.005). These indicate that gallbladder wall thickening is closely related to hemodynamic parameters. It is feasible to predict the degree of portal hypertension through the observation of gallbladder wall thickening in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gallbladder ; pathology ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; physiopathology