Objective To analyze the genotypes of adenovirus(Ad)strains isolated from young children with acute respiratory infection syndrome during 2004-2006.Methods Seven human adenovirus strains isolated during 2004 and 2006 were detected with tissue culture,PCR with adenovims specific-primers and sequencing for hexon and fiber genes.Results The results showed that all 7 adenovirus strain belonged to adenovirus genera B.3 of the 7 isolates were Ad3,BJ060605-1,BJ060316-and BJ040228 had high homology of nucleic acid.98.9%-100%.Three of 7 were Ad7,the homology of nucleic acid of BJ050520.BJ060421-4 and BJ040226 were 97.6%-100%.Strain SX060418-1 was 100% homologic with Ad11 strain L08232(GenBank).Conclusion Little variation of fiber gene was found for 2004 to 2006 isolares and the typing with fiber sequencing is similar with that of hexon gene of adenovirus isolates.

Objective To better understand students' professional perception,humanistic education status quo and their preference to different humanistic education methods.Methods Questionnaire was conducted for 990 undergraduate students (2006 grade- 2010 grade) at medical school of Shanghai Jiao Tong university.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze results of the questionnaire.Results Nearly 45％ students chose to major in clinical medicine out of personal interest.The identification of students for humanistic quality was lower than that for clinical knowledge and skills.More than 50％ students believed doctors were with high humanistic quality and there was a gap between students′ action and their understanding of the medical career identity and medical humanistic cultivation.More than 50％ students preferred activities that train medical and auxiliary skills.Nearly 67％ students also showed a shallow reading habit from regular internet surfing.Conclusion The professional perception of medical students are influenced by both social and historical factors influence.The gap between understanding and action is a consequence of current humanistic educational system.The humanistic educational methodology should conform to the psychological and s~ial characteristics of contemporary students.

Objective To observe the effect of Zhibo Dihuang Pill(ZDP) on leptin-induced idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP) in mice.Methods Eighteen BALB/c female mice aged 18 months were randomized into 6 groups: normal group,model group,high-and low-dose ZDP groups(at the dose of 101.4 and 50.7 g?kg-1?d-1 respectively),and megestrol acetate(3.9 mg?kg-1?d-1)group and gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues(GnRH-A) group(at the first dose of 1573.5 ?g/kg,the second and the third dose of 1180 ?g/kg,once every other day).Except the normal group,the mice in other groups received intraperitoneal injection of leptin 20mg/kg to establish ICPP model.After treatment,the vaginal opening,body weight,uterus weight and ovaries weight as well as the serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),estrogen(E2) were detected.Meanwhile,the uterus index and ovaries index were also examined.Results High-dose ZDP had an inhibition on the advance of vaginal opening induced by leptin after modeling for 4~6 days(P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of ZDP for ICPP is probably related with the inhibition of the advance of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis activation.

Different varieties of Terminalia chebula Retz. were identified by DNA finger prints, andat the same time, some problems encountered during the application of RAPD for the identification ofTCM were studied. The polymorphic features of DNA finger prints of different species were compared.Results of the study showed that they were differently related in heredity which can provide a basis for thedifferentiation of one species from the other. Means for the solution of problems arised during RAPD ap-plication were suggested. It was concluded that RAPD is an effective method to identify T. chebula from itsconfusable varieties.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the controlling effects of bionic glue on Paratrioza sinica.

METHODP. sinica and bionic glue were chosen as materials to investigate the adhesive rate, mortality rate, and study the effects of behavior of P. sinica and growth of leaves sprayed with bionic glue.

RESULTSpraying of the bionic glue can significantly increase the adhesive rate of P. sinica with no obviously repellency, and it can be used to control the adults of P sinaca in field with no significant effect on the growth of wolfberry leaves.

CONCLUSIONBionic glue has significant controlling effects on adults of P. sinica, it can be used as an eliminator of adults of P. sinica in field at the beginning of the vegetation season to suppress of the development of P. sinica population.

Adhesives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Hemiptera ; drug effects ; Insect Control ; Insecticides ; pharmacology ; Lycium ; drug effects ; parasitology ; Plant Diseases ; prevention & control ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; parasitology ; ultrastructure

Objective:To optimize the different salt preparation processes of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus and compare the differences among different salt products.Methods:Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) characteristic chromatogram of Psoraleae Fructus was established. By using the comprehensive scoring method, the total content of psoralen and isopsoralen and the peak area of the characteristic chromatogram were used as the evaluation index to optimize the four different processing technologies, including "stir-frying with salt-water", "steaming with salt-water", "spraying with salt-water" and "microwaving with salt-water". Meanwhile, entropy weight TOPSIS method, clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and other chemical pattern recognition methods were used to compare the quality difference of different salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus.Results:The optimized "stir-frying with salt-water" process of salt-processed Psoralea Fructus was 170 ℃ for 13 min, "steaming with salt-water" process for 1 h, "spraying with salt-water" process for 110 ℃ for 13 min and "microwaving with salt-water" process for 105 s microwave heating. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results of entropy weight showed that the quality of different salt products of Psoraleae Fructus ranked as product of stir-frying with salt-water > product of stir-frying with green salt-water > product of spraying with salt-water > product of microwaving with salt-water > product of steaming with salt-water; HCA results showed that different salt products of Psoraleae Fructus could be polymerized into two categories, between which product of stir-frying with salt-water and product of stir-frying with green salt-water were polymerized into one category; product of spraying with salt-water, product of microwaving with salt-water and product of steaming with salt-water were another category; the results of PCA showed that different salt products of Psoraleae Fructus could be clustered into 4 categories, among which product of stir-frying with salt-water, product of stir-frying with green salt-water and product of spraying with salt-water were clustered into the same category respectively, and product of microwaving with salt-water and product of steaming with salt-water were clustered into the same category.Conclusion:The chemical composition of Psoraleae Fructus processed by different salting methods is different. The results of this study can provide reference for processing optimization of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus and identification of different salt products.

Objective To investigate the type and consumption of sanitary insecticides used in Putuo District of Shanghai， determine the current resistance of Aedes albopictus to the insecticides， and explore the causes of regional variations in insecticide resistance spectrum. Methods Public and private institutions of pest control operation were investigated on the use of sanitary insecticides. Dipping method and tube method were used to measure the insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus， including larvae and adults. Results The main insecticides used in residential areas and governmental units was β-cypermethrin， while that in markets and public environment was propoxur. In addition， and the insecticides in dengue control program was λ-cyhalothrin. Aedes albopictus larvae had medium resistance to parathion， and were sensitive to propoxur， with insignificant change within three years. Their resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin was medium and high， respectively. Moreover， resistance to β-cypermethrin increased over years. In contrast， resistance of adult Aedes albopictus differed by area， except consistently being sensitive to fenitrothion. Conclusion Multiple sanitary insecticides have been used in Putuo District. In addition， Aedes albopictus has different resistance to these insecticides by area. It suggests that resistance surveillance should be promoted， which may be crucial for scientific application of insecticides and impede the development of potential resistance.

Sensory processing is strongly modulated by different brain and behavioral states, and this is based on the top-down modulation. In the olfactory system, local neural circuits in the olfactory bulb (OB) are innervated by centrifugal afferents in order to regulate the processing of olfactory information in the OB under different behavioral states. The purpose of the present study was to explore the organization of neural networks in olfactory-related cortices and modulatory nuclei that give rise to direct and indirect innervations to the glomerular layer (GL) of the OB at the whole-brain scale. Injection of different recombinant attenuated neurotropic viruses into the GL showed that it received direct inputs from each layer in the OB, centrifugal inputs from the ipsilateralanterior olfactory nucleus (AON), anterior piriform cortex (Pir), and horizontal limb of diagonal band of Broca (HDB), and various indirect inputs from bilateral cortical neurons in the AON, Pir, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, HDB, dorsal raphe, median raphe and locus coeruleus. These results provide a circuitry basis that will help further understand the mechanism by which olfactory information-processing in the OB is regulated.

Objective: To better understand the evolution and epidemiology of human adenovirus-55 (HAdV-55) and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic of HAdV-55 in China. Methods: HAdV-55 isolates from 5 provinces in China included Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Hunan and Yunnan were collected during 2011-2014. The hexon, fiber and penton base gene were sequenced, and compared with other strains of HAdV-55 sequences downloaded from GenBank for homology and evolution analysis. Results: During the past decade, HAdV-55 was found in 15 provinces throughout China. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the HAdV-55 virus is highly conservative in evolution due to aggregation in a branch in the evolutionary tree. However, bayesian phylogenetic tree shows a certain time evolution trend. The evolution rate of hexon and fiber gene of HAdV-55 are 5.228×10^-5 and 1.238×10^-4 substitutions/site/year respectively, and the latest coevolutionary ancestor tMRCA of hexon gene can be traced back to 1963. Conclusions HAdV-55 has been widely spread and continued circulating in China. Establishing effective monitoring system and conducting vaccine related research is very important for its control and prevention.