Aim To determine the effects of Qiliqian-gxin injected into lateral ventricle on Cardiac function, angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ) , angiotensin converting en-zyme(ACE), angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT1R) and the sympathetic nervous system in the hypothalamic pa-raventricular nucleus of rats with chronic heart failure. Methods Rat model of heart failure was prepared by acute myocardial infarction that was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks after heart failure, Qiliqiangxin and Losartan were continuously administered via a syringe pump in-jector connected to lateral ventricle. After four weeks, echocardiogram was used to evaluate the cardiac func-tion and HE was used to observe myocardial tissue morphology, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma norepinephrine( NE) , ser-um NT-proBNP and Ang Ⅱ in the paraventricular nu-cleus. The expression of ACE and AT1 R at mRNA and protein levels in the paraventricular nucleus was deter-mined by Real-time PCR and Western blot, and the RSNA was measured by PowerLab in anesthetized rats. Results Compared with the sham control, the cardiac function was significantly lower while the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus and RSNA were significantly increased in rats with heart failure. Compared with heart failure control, Qiliqian-gxin and Losartan decreased the RSNA and the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Conclusion Giving traditional Chinese medicine to the lateral ventricles can decrease the activation of the RAS system, reduce the renal sympathetic nerve activi-ty and improve cardiac function.

Objective To explore the relationship between aural pre-attentive processing and non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) in children with benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECTS),in order to provide objective electrophysiological basis for early assessment of cognitive function lesion of BECTS children and intervention.Methods Twenty-nine children diagnosed as BECTS in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from February 2012 to November 2015 were selected,including 17 males and 12 females,and they were 4-14 years old with average age of (9.17 ±2.42) years,and the course of disease was 0.5-4.0 years.Twenty healthy children who had hospital routine check-up were selected as healthy control group,containing 14 males and 6 females,and they were 5-13 years old with average age of (8.55 ±3.09) years.Mismatch negativity (MMN) test was carried out in both groups,and the MMN amplitudes and latencies were analyzed.The long-term video electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring was conducted in the BECTS group to analyze the discharge phases (waking,sleep),locations and the IED indexes.The intergroup MMN indexes and the correlation between MMN and VEEG in the BECTS group were compared.Results The VEEG showed that the sleep structure of BECTS children did not change obviously.All children's epileptiform discharges were located in the Rolandic area,including 11 cases on the left side,8 cases on the right side,and 10 cases on both sides.Epilepsy discharge time:17 patients showed epileptiform discharges in sleep stages only and 12 patients showed epileptiform discharge in both sleep and waking stages.Epileptiform discharges of the 12 patients increased more significantly in sleep stage than thatin waking stage [(40.24 ± 25.15) times/min vs.(1.92 ± 1.38) times/rmin],and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.270,P =0.000).The sample IED index in stage 1 and 2 of NREM was (40.73 ± 10.69) times/min,in which 2 cases had IED indexes ＜ 5 times/min,the IED indexes of 3 cases ＞ 80 times/min who reached electrical status epilepticus during sleep,and others were 17.2-64.6 times/min.Clinical seizures in sleep stages were monitored in only 4 cases,which showed an electro-clinical segregation phenomenon from large quantities of sleep IED.The MMN amplitude was lower in the BECTS group than that in the healthy control group [(6.06 ± 1.89) μV vs.(7.28 ±1.64) μV],and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.346,P =0.025).Latency of BECTS group was longer than that in the healthy control group [(191.37 ±40.13) ms vs.(179.35 ±39.80) ms],but the difference was not statistically significant(t =1.037,P =0.355).Correlation analysis showed that the MMN amplitude was negatively related to discharge phases (r =-0.407,P ＜ 0.05) and the IED indexes (r =-0.644,P ＜ 0.01),and latency was positively related to the IED indexes (r =0.386,P ＜ 0.05),while the other VEEG indexes were not correlated with MMN.Conclusions The BECTS children have aural pre-attentive processing disturbance,especially unconscious automatic processing ability impairment,which weakenattention switch action of automatic processing switching to focused attention processing and fail to filter irrelevant information effectively.Sleep IED is an important factor in impairing the formation and reinforcement of acoustic discrimination and memory trace,interfering the acquisition,processing,storage and matching of new information,which induces children pre-attentive processing disturbance.The MMN may discover the electrophysiological changes of children pre-attentive processing disturbance in early stage.

Objective To observe the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and lower limb short latency somatosensory evoked potential ( SLSEP) in acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients and explore the predictive value of BAEP and SLSEP for delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP). Methods Sixty-six acute CO poisoning patients was divided into a DEACMP group and a non-DEACMP group according to their symptoms. At the same time, 60 healthy subjects were included in the control group. BAEP and lower limb SLSEP dynamic testing were conducted at different time points. Results The abnormal rates in the first test of BAEP and lower limb SLSEP in the acute CO poisoning patients were 31.8% and 68.2% respectively.The BAEP results in the acute stage and later in the DEACMP group were comparable to those of the non-DEACMP group and the normal control group. Interpeak latency of Ⅰ-Ⅲ was not significantly different, but the remaining indices were significantly longer. Compared to the control group, the lower limb SLSEP readings in the acute DEACMP group and the non-DEACMP group were significantly longer. Compared to the non-DEACMP group and the control group, the SLSEP results of the DEACMP group were significantly extended. The specificity index of the BAEP predicted DEACMP up to 85.7% , significantly more than SLSEP testing. Conclusions Early detection of BAEP can help predict DEACMP. This finding should be promulgated and applied.

Aim To explore the effect of pharmacolog-ical activation of serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2C R) on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-de-pendent mice. Method EthoVision Noldus video tracking system was used to record the effect of 5-HT2C R agonist WAY on locomotor activities and behavioral performances in mice.Results Selective 5-HT2C R ag-onist WAY (0.5,0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)a-lone did not alter the locomotor activities as determined by distance traveled and velocity (all P values >0.05).Chronic morphine treatment induced depend-ence in mice as demonstrated by increases in distance traveled,velocity and jumping behavior.WAY (0.5, 0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)and clonidine (0.2 mg ·kg -1 ,i.p.)significantly ameliorated naloxone-pre-cipitated withdrawal symptoms,including burrowing, jumping,body grooming,rearing,“wet dog”shakes, head shakes,face grooming,penile grooming,scratch (all P values <0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological activation of 5-HT2C R ameliorates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent mice.5-HT2C R may be a novel target to develop therapeutic ap-proach against morphine physical dependence,craving and relapsing.

Objective:To explore the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of flail arm syndrome (FAS).Methods:Clinical and electrophysiological data were collected on 13 FAS patients and 31 persons with upper limb onset amyotropic lateral sclerosis (UL-ALS), including the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) related to median nerve, ulnar nerve, and axillary nerve motor conduction. A split-hand index (SI) was calculated by dividing the CMAP amplitude of abductor pollicis brevis by that of the abductor digiti minimi. Clinical features, the CMAP amplitudes and SIs were compared between the FAS and UL-ALS patients.Results:Compared with UL-ALS patients, the age at onset among the FAS patients was older (averaging 60.9 years). The development to the second stage was longer (24±6 months). The upper limb reflexes of 15% of the FAS patients had disappeared and those of 77% were weakened, while the lower limb reflexes of 54% of the FAS patients were active and 38% were weakened, significantly different from the UL-ALS patients. However, there were no significant differences in the CMAP amplitudes of the median and ulnar nerves, nor in SI between the FAS and UL-ALS patients. The SIs of the FAS patients with upper motor neuron signs were significantly lower than those of FAS patients without such signs. Among the FAS patients, the average CMAP amplitude of the ulnar nerve was the highest, followed by those of the median and axillary nerves. Among the UL-ALS patients, however, the average CMAP amplitude of the ulnar nerve was not significantly different from that of the axillary nerve.Conclusions:FAS patients with upper motor neuron signs are more likely to have slip hand. The CMAP amplitude of their axillary nerve tends to be lower than that of their median and ulnar nerves. FAS seems to be a special type of ALS.

Aim To observe the effect of“Ying-nutrient and Wei-defense unblocking collaterals prescription”on the carotid sympathetic nerve in early atherosclero-sis. Methods The rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups:Control group, high-fat group, Complex mod-el group, GSTL-H group, GSTL-L group and ATO group. The control group was fed with common food-stuffs, High-fat group with high-fat diet to build early atherosclerosis model, and all the other groups with high-fat diet combined with carotid artery cannula to build early atherosclerosis carotid artery injury rabbit model. All groups were given corresponding medicines intragastrically once a day for 4 weeks. The GSTL-H and GSTL-L group was given Guishaotongluo ultrafine powder 0. 6 g·kg-1·d-1, 0. 3 g·kg-1·d-1, and the ATO group was given suspension of atorvastain so-lution 2. 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 . Biochemical method was used to detect blood lipid change. HE staining was ap-plied to observe the pathological morphology of intima-media, The content of NE in the carotid arterial was detected by ELISA. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of NGF, TH around the carotid arterial. The expression of NGF, TH in the carotid artery adventitia was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group, the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in high-fat group and complex model group were significantly increased( P<0. 01). The degree of the intimal hyperplasia,the con-tent of NE and sympathetic density ( NGF, TH protein expression and distribution ) of the cartoid artery in complex model group were heavier compared with those in high-fat group; the lipid levels, degree of the inti-mal hyperplasia and sympathetic density ( NGF, TH protein expression and distribution ) in the GSTL-H, GSTL-L group were milder in varying degrees compa-ring with those in the complex model group(P<0. 05, P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion “Ying-nutrient and Wei-de-fense unblocking collaterals prescription” can reduce rabbit carotid atherosclerosis, and the mechanism may be related to regulating the sympathetic nerve of arterial wall.

Objective To investigate the correlation between coronary lesions with serum cystatin C (Cys C)and vascular endothelial function(RHI)in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 318 patients receiving coronary angiography(CAG)were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group(65 cases)and CHD group;then the CHD group was divided into the single-vessel lesion group(77cases),double-vessel lesions group(70c ases),multiple-vessel lesions group(106 cases)according to CAG and the number of disease vessels;the CHD group was re-divided into the low score group(67 cases),middle score group(107 cases)and high score group(79 cases)according to the Gensini score of coronary artery lesions.The vascular endothelial function was evaluated by using peripheral arterial tension (PAT)measurement technique.The reactive hypere-mia index(RHI)was calculated;serum Cys C level was determined by immunoturbidimetry.Results The serum Cys C level was in-creased and RHI level was reduced as the number of lesion vessels increasing,the inter-group comparison showed the statistical difference (P <0.05);RHI had no statistical difference between the double-vessel lesions group and multiple-vessel lesions group (P >0.05);the serum Cys C level was increased as the Gensini score increasing,the difference between the groups had statistical significance (P <0.05);the vascular RHI value was reduced as the coronary Gensini score increasing(P <0.05);moreover the Cys C level was positively correlated with the Gensini score (r=0.375,P <0.01);RHI was negatively correlated with corornary Gensi-ni score (r=-0.587,P <0.01 );the serum Cys C was negatively correlated with RHI(r =-0.350,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The vascular endothelial dysfunction and serum Cysc C level increase are associated with coronary lesions in CAD patients,moreover Cys C is negatively correlated with vascular RHI,serum Cys increase may be a predictive index for vascular endothelial function damage in CHD patients.

Objective To explore any effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cognitive ability of patients suffering from cognitive impairment after cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).Methods Forty-three CVT patients with cognitive impairment were recruited and randomly assigned into an rTMS group (n =23) or a control group (n=20).Both groups received routine drug therapy and cognitive function training,while the rTMS group was additionally given rTMS.The treatment lasted 4 weeks.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),the modified auditory Barthel Index (MBI) and event-related potential P300 were used to test both groups before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment the average MoCA and MBI scores of both groups had increased significantly,while their average HAMD scores had decreased significantly compared to before the treatment.For both groups,the P300 latency had shortened significantly and the amplitude increased significantly after the treatment.The improvement in all of these indicators was significantly greater in the rTMS group than in the control group.Conclusion Supplementing drug therapy with rTMS can significantly improve the cognitive ability of CVT patients and is worth applying in clinical practice.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the transient outward potassium channel protein expression in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its contribution to renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS:A rat model of CHF was prepared by acute myocardial infarction that was induced by ligation of the left ante -rior descending coronary artery .Four weeks after heart failure , echocardiogram was applied to identify the CHF model and plasma norepinephrine (NE), serum NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected by ELISA. The expression of ransient outward potassium channel proteins Kv 4.2 and Kv4.3 at mRNA and protein levels was deter-mined by real-time PCR and Western blot .The mean arterial pressure ( MAP) , heart rate ( HR) and RSNA were measured in anesthetized rats with PVN microinjection of potassium channel blockers 4-AP.RESULTS:In CHF group , the rat car-diac function and Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression in PVN were obviously lower while plasma NE and serum NT-proBNP were obviously higher than those in sham group .Microinjection of 4-AP into PVN induced an increase in MAP , HR and RSNA in both sham and CHF rats , while the CHF rats exhibited smaller responses to 4-AP than sham-operated rats .CONCLU-SION:Downregulation of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression in the PVN may be a potential mechanism for sympathoexciation in the rats with chronic heart failure .

Objective To explore schizophrenic′s executive function and characteristics of event-related potential-P300 (ERP-P300) in a Go/Nogo paradigm in order to provide electrophysiological basis for schizophrenic′s executive function. Methods The Wisconsin card Sorting Tests (WCST) were conducted and ERP-P300s in a Go/Nogo paradigm (Go/NogoERP-P300) were determined in 58 schizophrenics and 30 healthy persons. Results The WCST score was poorer in research group than that in control group. ERP amplitudes lowered and latencies prolonged in Go-P3 and Nogo N2 and P3, and all differences had statistical significances (P < 0.05). But there were no differences in N1 of both tasks and Go-N2; Go-P3, Nogo-N2 and -P3 amplitude and latency were related to the WCST well (P < 0.05). Conclusion Schizophrenics have such lowered executive functions as attention and cognition conversion and reactive inhibition and could normally process task prophase merely , and Go/NogoERP-P300 may be one of electrophysiological methods reflecting schizophrenic′s executive function.