Objective To detect the expression of Beclin1 and Bcl2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and to explore the relationship of Beclin1 and Bci2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and the relativity between the 2 genes.Methods 61 specimens were classified into invasive group (32 cases) and non-invasive group (29 cases) according to the comprehensive evaluation of invasive pituitary adenomas.lmmunofluorescence analysis and RT-PCR were adopted respectively to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclinl and Bcl2.The difference and relativity of Beclin1 and Bcl2 expression in invasive group and non-invasive group were analyzed.Results 32 specimens of pituitary adenoma were invasive and 29 were non-invasive.Beclin1 protein and mRNA expressions were lower in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Bcl2 protein and mRNA expressions were higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Pearson related analysis showed that Beclin1 mRNA expression was negtively correlated with Bcl2 mRNA expression in the invasive group ( r =-0.42,P =0.028 ).Conclusions Beclinl expression is decreased in invasive pituitary adenomas.The invasiveness of pituitary adenoma is closely related to the high expression of Bcl2 protein and mRNA,and the low expression of Beclin1 protein and mRNA.The inhibition of the autophagy may lead to the enhancement of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas and that inhibition may come from the interaction of Beclin1 and Bcl2.

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection is a recognized risk factor of dementia,while its role and mechanism in Alzheimer disease (AD) remained unclarified.Our previous study has identified that injection of soluble H.pylori filtrate could induce AD-like pathologic changes and cognitive impairment in SD rats.In the present study,we further explored the effect of long-term stomach colonization of H.pylori bacteria on the brains of SD rats.The results showed that H.pylori bacteria gavage induced an efficient colonization of H.pylori in the stomach after four weeks.However,there was no significant change of tau phosphorylation at Thr205 (pT205),Thr231 (pT231),Ser396 (pS396) and Ser404 (pS404) sites in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.The H.pylori-infected rats also showed no cognitive impairment.These observations may result from inefficient release of bacterial pathogenic factors or the overall lack of host inflammatory responses.We conclude that SD rat with long-term H.pylori colonization in the stomach is not a suitable animal model for exploring the effects of H.pylori infection on brain function in human beings;administration of bacterial filtrates may better reveal the systemic pathologic changes induced by bacterial infection in animals which show a negative host response to bacterial colonization.

The hydroponic culture test method was used to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under Zn stress, Cd stress, and combined Zn and Cd stress as well as changes in the enrichment and transfer characteristics of heavy metals. Under single and combined heavy metal stress, the biomass, plant height, and peroxidase (POD) activity of P. fortunei decreased as the treatment concentration increased. Combined Zn and Cd affected adversely plant height and biomass. As the concentration of Zn increased when applied alone, the chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity of P. fortunei first increased and then decreased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and the aboveground malondialdehyde (MDA) content first decreased and then increased. As the concentration of Cd increased when applied alone, chlorophyll content and CAT activity increased, and SOD activity and aboveground MDA content first increased and then decreased. Under both Cd and Zn, the physiological response was more complex. Cd in the seedlings of P. fortunei was concentrated in the root. In contrast, Zn was concentrated in the upper part of the ground, and its transfer coefficient was greater than 1.00. Thus, the addition of Zn promotes the transfer of heavy metals to the above-ground portions of plants. Generally, P. fortunei can effectively promote ecological restoration under complex forms of heavy metal pollution.
Cadmium ; Chlorophyll ; Metals, Heavy ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Seedlings ; Soil Pollutants ; Stress, Physiological ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Zinc

This study aims to explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides on the inflammatory response of apolipoprotein E~(-/-)(ApoE~(-/-)) mice and RAW264.7 cells through nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the in vivo experiment, ApoE~(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diets for 12 weeks to induce the animal model of atherosclerosis, and 75 μg·mL~(-1) oxidized low-density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) incubated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to establish the atherosclerosis cell model. Automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blot, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to determine the blood lipid levels, aortic intimal thickness, inflammatory factor content, NF-κB pathway-related proteins, and mRNA expression levels, and evaluate arterial atherosclerotic lesions and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of the drug. The model of atherosclerosis was successfully established in ApoE~(-/-) mice after 12 weeks of feeding with high-fat diets. In the model group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were increased(P<0.01), the intima of the blood vessels was thickened, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα) were significantly increased as compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside group decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, reduced the plaque area and thickness and the content of inflammatory factor TNF-α, and inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IκBα, with the effect same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction. In the in vivo experiment, 75 μg·mL~(-1) Ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to successfully establish a foam cell model. As compared with the control group, the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the middle-dose and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside groups decreased the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα. The above results show that the glycosides are the main effective substances of Buyang Huanwu Decoction against atherosclerosis, which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus playing the role against atherosclerotic inflammation same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction.
Mice ; Animals ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Glycosides/pharmacology* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Atherosclerosis/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Interleukin-6 ; Apolipoproteins E/pharmacology* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*