In recent years, with the development of bone marrow and organ transplantation, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has become a common pathogen threatening patients having undergone organ transplantation. CMV may cause severe pulmonary infection and respiratory failure, leading to the death of patient with CMV pneumonia. CMV infectious pneumonia is characterized by the formation of huge type A eosinophil inclusion bodies in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells. The susceptible population is often associated with low immune function, and to promote the recovery of autoimmune function is the key point for treatment of CMV pneumonia, and the plasma exchange therapy can reconstruct the autoimmune function and improve the prognosis of patients with CMV pneumonia to a certain extent. Now the experience of 1 patient of severe CMV pneumonia treated by ECMO combined with plasmapheresis is reported.