Objective: To investigate the features of literature on hand-transmitted vibration in China, 1990-2016. Methods: In September 2017, the studies on hand-transmitted vibration in China, which were published in Chinese or English during 1990-2016, with "China" and "Taiwan" as the places where author affiliations were located, were retrieved. A bibliometric analysis was performed to investigate the type of articles, publication time, the journals in which articles were published, author affiliations, author regions, and funding. Results: A total of 205 articles on hand-transmitted vibration were retrieved. There were 7.59 articles on average published annually from 1990 to 2016. In the 205 articles, 114 (55.61%) were published in the journals indexed in one or two core journal databases. In the 64 journals, 22 (34.38%) were indexed in one or two core journal databases. The first authors were from 22 provincial regions (provinces, autonomous regions, or centrally administered municipalities) in China, with 152 articles (74.15%) by the authors in the top five regions. There were a total of 876 authors, and the co-authorship degree was 4.27 (876/205). Most of the first authors (136 articles, 66.34%) were affiliated with universities or institutes for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Among the 205 articles, 103 (50.24%) were original articles or investigations, and 72 (35.12%) were funded. Conclusion The studies on hand-transmitted vibration fluctuated and increased from 1990 to 2016, with a relatively concentrated distribution in terms of sources, regions, and institutions. Interregional and international academic exchange should be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the status of coal dust hazard classification and lung function damage in a large coal mine in Shanxi Province.Methods:From January to June in 2019, 51 coal dust posts and 598 workers exposed to coal dust were selected from a large coal mine enterprise in Shanxi Province. The coal dust (exhaled dust) samples were collected and tested, and the hazard classification index of coal dust (exhaled dust) was calculated. The jobs exposed to coal dust (exhaled dust) were divided into relatively harmless, mild, moderate and severe hazard posts, and the corresponding workers were divided into relatively harmless group, mild, moderate and severe hazard groups. The forced expiratory volume (FEV1) , forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the first second were measured. Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the hazard grade of coal dust and lung function.Results:Among 51 coal dust (exhalation) posts, 13 coal dust (exhalation dust) exceeded the standard (25.5%) . 168 cases (34.78%) had abnormal pulmonary function. Compared with the relatively harmless group, the proportion of abnormal pulmonary function of workers in mild, moderate and severe hazard groups were higher, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC values were lower, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The rank of coal dust (exhaled dust) was negatively correlated with FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:Attention should be paid to the supervision and management of relatively harmless and slightly harmful coal dust posts. FVC may be one of the lung function indexes sensitive to coal dust exposure.

Objective:To investigate the status of coal dust hazard classification and lung function damage in a large coal mine in Shanxi Province.Methods:From January to June in 2019, 51 coal dust posts and 598 workers exposed to coal dust were selected from a large coal mine enterprise in Shanxi Province. The coal dust (exhaled dust) samples were collected and tested, and the hazard classification index of coal dust (exhaled dust) was calculated. The jobs exposed to coal dust (exhaled dust) were divided into relatively harmless, mild, moderate and severe hazard posts, and the corresponding workers were divided into relatively harmless group, mild, moderate and severe hazard groups. The forced expiratory volume (FEV1) , forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the first second were measured. Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the hazard grade of coal dust and lung function.Results:Among 51 coal dust (exhalation) posts, 13 coal dust (exhalation dust) exceeded the standard (25.5%) . 168 cases (34.78%) had abnormal pulmonary function. Compared with the relatively harmless group, the proportion of abnormal pulmonary function of workers in mild, moderate and severe hazard groups were higher, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC values were lower, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The rank of coal dust (exhaled dust) was negatively correlated with FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:Attention should be paid to the supervision and management of relatively harmless and slightly harmful coal dust posts. FVC may be one of the lung function indexes sensitive to coal dust exposure.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors of dust-exposed male workers in a coal mine. Methods A total of 9 782 dust-exposed male workers from a coal mine in Shanxi Province were selected as the study subjects using the purposive sampling method. Their occupational health examination results were collected to analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and diabetes were 40.3%, 30.7%, 23.5% and 5.6%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic diseases was 64.8%. Among them, the prevalence of having one, two, three or more chronic diseases were 36.5%, 21.6% and 6.7%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases was 28.3%, with the highest prevalence of concurrent dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia of 11.0%. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of chronic disease was higher in workers <40 years old, smoking, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years (all P<0.05). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that workers <40 years old, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years were risk factors for having one chronic disease (all P<0.05). The workers <40 years old, smoking, overweight, obesity and total working years >20 years were risk factors for having two chronic diseases (all P<0.05). The workers <40 years old, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, other types of work, and working years >20 years were risk factors for having three or more chronic diseases (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases is high and the comorbidity of chronic diseases is common among dust-exposed male workers. The main influencing factors were age, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, type of work, and working year. Workers with more contributing factors have higher risk of chronic comorbidities.

{L-End}Objective To investigate the current status of sleep quality and its influencing factors among coal miners in a company in Shanxi Province. {L-End}Methods A total of 1 047 coal miners from a coal mine company in Shanxi Province were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. The occupational stress, occupational burnout and sleep quality of the study subjects were investigated using Occupational Stress Core Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index Scale. {L-End}Results The detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, sleep disorder were 58.9%, 59.1% and 57.9%, respectively. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level, alcohol consumption, work shift, duration of dust-exposure, phase of respiratory symptoms, self-assessment of health, occupational stress and occupational burnout were independent influencing factors of sleep disorders in the coal miners (all P<0.05). Among them, the risk of sleep disorders in drinkers was higher than that in non-drinkers (P<0.05); the risk of sleep disorders was higher in miners working in a rotating work shift with two shifts than in those with three shifts (P<0.05); the higher the education level, the longer the duration of dust-exposure, the more serious the phase of respiratory symptoms, the worse the self-assessment of health, the higher the degree of occupational stress and the higher the degree of occupational burnout, the higher the risk of sleep disorders (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion The incidence of sleep disorders in coal miners in this company is relatively high. Occupational stress, occupational burnout, education level, alcohol consumption, work shift, duration of dust-exposure, respiratory symptoms and health status are risk factors for sleep disorders in coal miners.

Objective:To discuss the clinical characteristics,diagnosis processes,and treatment methods of one patient with congenital intrabdominal hernia,and to summarize the potential misconceptions during the diagnostic and treatment processes,and to improve the clinicians'awareness of this disease.Methods:The clinical data and auxiliary examination results of one patient with congenital intrabdominal hernia were collected and analyzed,and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 65-year-old male,sought care at the local hospital due to upper abdominal pain before 2 d;there were no significant abnormalities in the examination results at the cocal hospital;blood glucose>25 mmol·L-1.After receiving hypoglycemic,rehydration,and blood purification treatment,the condition of the patient was worsened,presenting with confusion,hypotension,and respiratory distress;the patient admitted in our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment.After admission,the patient was given despite fluid resuscitation,mechanical ventilation,and supportive treatment,but there was no improvement in the symptoms;interventional radiology was performed angiography of the abdominal artery and right femoral vein,which showed no significant vascular abnormalities in the abdomen.An abdominal paracentesis yielded a mixed bloody fluid,suggesting the concealed intraperitoneal disease;exploratory laparotomy was performed.During operation,the intrabdominal hernia with small intestine necrosis and septic shock were diagnosed,and partial small intestine resection,anastomosis,adhesiolysis,and abdominal irrigation and drainage were carried out.The patient had a good recovery and was discharged on the 14th day after operation.Conclusion:Congenital intrabdominal hernia is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the adults,and high suspicion for intrabdominal hernia is one of the differential diagnosis for atypical acute abdomen;early multidisciplinary intervention can be lifesaving for the patients.

Background Thyroid hormones are crucial for development and proper functioning of human physiological systems. Current research on the thyroid mainly focuses on the impacts of lifestyle factors on thyroid dysfunction, while less attention is paid to the factors affecting thyroid hormone levels, especially occupational hazards, which warrants further investigation. Objective To investigate the associations between occupational hazard exposure and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels in male coal mine workers. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 12564 workers who participated in the occupational health check-ups at the Xishan Coal Electricity (Group) Corporation Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute in 2023 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as research subjects. A self-designed electronic questionnaire was used to collect basic information, occupational history, and lifestyle habits of all study subjects. Height, weight, thyroid function test results, and occupational hazard exposure of the study subjects were obtained through occupational health examinations and routine workplace occupational hazard detection records. Generalized linear regression was used to analyze the associations between occupational hazard exposure and the levels of TSH and thyroid hormones. Results The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH in the included 12564 male coal mine workers were 1.16 (1.03, 1.29) ng·mL⁻¹, 7.70 (6.70, 8.90) μg·dL⁻¹, 3.63 (3.40, 3.84) pg·mL⁻¹, 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) ng·dL⁻¹, and 1.93 (1.36, 2.78) μIU·mL⁻¹, respectively. The overall abnormality rate of thyroid hormones was 2.83%, with the highest rate for subclinical hypothyroidism (1.83%), followed by hyperthyroidism (0.37%), hypothyroidism (0.32%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.31%). After adjustment for confounding factors, the generalized linear regression model showed that long working hours were associated with higher levels of T3 and FT3, with β (95%CI) values of 0.011 (0.003, 0.019) and 0.038 (0.019, 0.057) respectively. Night shift work was linked to increased TSH levels and decreased FT4 levels, with β (95%CI) values of 0.171 (0.016, 0.326) and −0.012 (−0.019, −0.006) respectively. Coal dust exposure was associated with decreased levels of T3 and T4, with β (95%CI) values of −0.022 (−0.037, −0.008) and −0.320 (−0.434, −0.207) respectively. Noise exposure was related to decreased levels of T4 and FT4, with β (95%CI) values of −0.102 (−0.166, −0.038) and −0.020 (−0.027, −0.013) respectively. Conclusion The TSH and thyroid hormone levels of coal miners are mostly within the normal reference ranges, with a low abnormality rate. Long work hours, night shift work, coal dust, and noise are associated with the levels of TSH and thyroid hormone levels in the male miners. Coal companies should reasonably arrange working hours, optimize the night shift scheduling system, and enhance protection against coal dust and noise to promote occupational health and safeguard the physical health of miners.

Background Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor aggregation (CMRF≥ 2), and few studies have focused on the correlation between the two in occupational populations. Objective To investigate the current status of CMRF≥2 and the compliance of healthy lifestyle in male occupational personnel, explore the effect of lifestyle on cardiometabolic risk, and provide reference for formulating healthy behavior promotion strategies and reducing cardiometabolic risk in occupational populations. Methods The study subjects were selected from male workers who completed occupational health examinations at an occupational disease prevention and control hospital in Shanxi Province from May to December 2023, and 15125 study subjects aged 18−60 years were finally included according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subjects received a series of assessments including questionnaires (basic information, lifestyle habits, and occupational factors), physical examination, laboratory tests, and six cardiometabolic risk factors (central obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and hyperuricemia). A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on six behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet, sleep, sedentary behavior) and 1 point for one positive healthy behavior. The enrolled workers were then divided into three groups according to their total scores: 0−1 points (poor group), 2−3 points (moderate group), and 4−6 points (good group). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the statistical associations between lifestyle and CMRF≥2. Results The median age of the 15125 male study participants was 40 years, and the positive rate of CMRF≥2 was 53.5%. Adherence to moderate alcohol consumption was the most compliant healthy behavior (79.4%), followed by current non-smoking (41.7%), while adherence to adequate sedentary behavior (23.6%) and healthy eating (21.1%) were relatively low, and only 17.4% were able to adhere to four or more healthy lifestyle behaviors. After adjusting for confounders, when compared with the poor group high lifestyle score was found to be a protective factor for CMRF≥2 (moderate group: OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.77; good group: OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.75). In stratified analyses across different job types (coal miners, auxiliary workers, ground workers, and others), occupational stress (with or without), shift patterns (day shift, night shift, or rotating shift), dust exposure (with or without), and noise exposure (with or without), individuals with higher lifestyle scores exhibited a consistently lower risk of CMRF≥2. There was an interaction between shift pattern and lifestyle on CMRF≥2 (P_interaction<0.05). Conclusion This occupational group has a high positive rate of CMRF≥2 and a high prevalence of poor lifestyles with low adherence to some healthy behaviors. High healthy lifestyle scores are associated with a lower risk of aggregation of cardiometabolic risk factors, which may be reduced through lifestyle interventions.

Background The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) among Chinese residents has been increasing annually, with occupational populations facing a higher risk of HUA due to shift work or obesity. Objective To investigate the impact of shift work and obesity on HUA among coal miners, and to provide scientific data for the prevention of HUA in this occupational group. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25619 workers from a coal mining group in 2023 as the study population, using a questionnaire survey and occupational health check-ups. Workers who were retired or on medical leave, as well as those who provided incomplete responses to the questionnaire or did not complete anthropometric measurements or blood tests, were excluded. A total of 23173 participants were included in the study. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between HUA and selected factors such as shift work status, years of shift work, daily shift work hours, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), as well as the interaction between obesity and shift work on HUA. Restricted cubic spline functions were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between years of shift work, daily shift work hours, and HUA. Results The average age of the included workers was (42.38 ± 9.82) years. A total of 6735 workers reported positive HUA, with a positive rate of 29.1%, and the prevalence was higher in men compared to women (31.8% vs. 13.9%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the restricted cubic spline model revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between years of shift work, daily shift work duration, and HUA: ① When the years of shift work exceeded 3.25 years, the risk of HUA in workers gradually increased with longer work duration. At 20 years of shift work, the risk increase showed a "saturation effect," meaning that the risk of HUA no longer increased with additional years of shift work. ② When daily shift work duration was below 10 h, the risk of HUA increased with the length of shift work, but after exceeding 10 h, the risk stabilized. After adjusting for confounding factors, the logistic regression model showed that, compared to non-shift workers, shift workers, those with 10-20 years and over 20 years of shift work experience, as well as those working less than 8 h and more than 8 h per day, had a higher risk of HUA, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.14 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.22), 2.42 (95%CI: 2.20, 2.67), 2.23 (95%CI: 2.00, 2.48), 1.41 (95%CI: 1.29, 1.54), and 1.90 (95%CI: 1.75, 2.06), respectively. Additionally, compared to individuals with normal obesity indices, those with overweight and obesity based on BMI, high and very high VAI and excessive WHtR had a higher risk of HUA, with ORs of 2.01 (95%CI: 1.85, 2.17), 3.51 (95%CI: 3.20, 3.84), 1.42 (95%CI: 1.32, 1.54), 2.10 (95%CI: 1.91, 2.30), and 1.82 (95%CI: 1.69, 1.97), respectively. The interaction analysis showed no interaction between shift work and obesity index (both P_s < 0.001). Conclusion Shift work, longer shift work years, and longer daily shift work hours increase the risk of HUA among coal miners. Additionally, the role of obesity in the development of HUA cannot be ignored.

Background The positive rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among coal mine workers remains high, which seriously affects the quality of life of the workers. Objective To estimate the prevalence of WMSDs among coal miners in Shanxi Province and analyze their influencing factors. Methods From May to December 2023, 2315 coal miners from a coal mine enterprise inShanxi Province were selected by convenience sampling, and the self-administered Basic Situation Survey Scale, Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale were used to evaluate general demographic characteristics, work organization characteristics, living habits, sleep quality, occupational stress, and occurrence of WMSDs symptoms and the corresponding absences (sickness absence) in past 1 year. The positive rate and absenteeism rate of WMSDs were caculated, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for identify influencing factors of WMSDs, and finally a binary logistic regression method was used to further studying the factors. Results A total of 2577 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, and 2315 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 89.9%. The positive rate of WMSDs symptoms was 48.7% (1127/2315), the absenteeism rate due to WMSDs was 22.6% (523/2315), and the waist (17.5%), neck (11.7%), and knee (9.0%) were the most common areas presenting WMSDs symptoms. The results of logistic regression showed that compared with ≤10 years of service, the risk of WMSDs was higher for those with > 20 years of service (OR=2.167, 95%CI: 1.419, 3.311). Compared with the daily working time of ≤8 h, the risk of WMSDs was higher for those >8 h daily working time (OR=1.463, 95%CI: 1.211, 1.767). A higher risk of WMSDs was reported in workers with moderate labor intensity (OR=1.247, 95%CI: 1.009, 1.542) or heavy labor intensity (OR=1.570, 95%CI: 1.215, 2.027) than those with light labor intensity. The higher the education level (OR _{high school and technical secondary school}=1.866, 95%CI: 1.435, 2.425; OR _{junior college/bachelor degree or above}=1.953, 95%CI: 1.445, 2.639), the higher the risk of WMSDs. The risk of WMSDs was higher in workers reporting smoking (OR=1.225, 95%CI: 1.021, 1.470) or alcohol consumption (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.122, 1.612). The risk of WMSDs in coal miners with high occupational stress (OR=1.229, 95%CI:1.030, 1.466) or those with sleep disorders (OR=3.616, 95%CI:2.824, 4.629) was higher than that in workers with low occupational stress or no sleep disorders respectively. Conclusion The positive rate of WMSDs among coal mine personnel in Shanxi Province is high, and education level, length of service, daily working hours, smoking, alcohol consumption, labor intensity, sleep disorders, and occupational stress are influencing factors for WMSDs.