Objective Through analyzing nursing course-teaching plans of 10 representative higher vocational colleges,to realize advantages of the curriculum implementation and contents to be improved from the practical teaching perspective,to review the application of China's educational objectives as well as to provide the reasonable choice and practical support for deepened teaching reforms.Methods Statistical models were employed in analyzing 10 colleges' class hours and course composition.The results were compared with relative guidance documents in national scope.Results All 10 colleges' practical teaching relevant indicators exceeded the national criteria in running higher vocational colleges,but deviations were appeared in response of the national guidance of the nursing education,especially in clinical clerkship.Conclusions The quality guarantee of nursing course-teaching should be improved.A national policy should be implemented to combine the professional education accreditation with the nursing practitioner admittance,apply the minimum professional education standards to achieve the educational quality guarantee and guidance in each level.

Objecfive To investigate the association between the exon 2,3,4 of MHC class Ⅰ chain-related gene-B(MICB)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in Chinese Han.Methods Using polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism,allele frequency of MICB exon 2,3 and 4 in 105 patients with UC and 213 age and sex matched healthy controls were genotyped.All of the studied individuals were Chinese Han.Results Allele frequency of MICB 0106 was increased in patients with UC as compared with normal controls(19.0%vs 8.9%,P=0.000,Pc＜0.001,OR=2.402,95%CI:1.488-3.879).The frequency of MICB 0106 was increased significantly in patients with extensive colitis (24.4%vs 8.9%,P=0.000,Pc＜0.001,OR=3.294,95%CI:1.800-6.027),moderate and severe disease(24.1%vs 8.9%,P=0.000.Pc＜0.001,OR=3.294 95%CI:1.893-5.576)and in those with extra intestinal manifestations(20.5%vs 8.9%,P=0.002,Pc=0.012,OR=2.626,95%CI:1.418-4.861).Furthermore,MICB 0106 allele was higher in frequency in the male patients with UC (22.1%vs 8.0%,P=0.001,Pc=0.006,OR=3.276,95%CI:1.737-6.178)and the patients more than 40 years old(28.8%vs 8.3%,P=0.000,Pc＜0.001,OR=4.500,95%CI:2.381-8.504)as compared with healthy controls.Conclusion MICB 0106 allele is positively associated with UC,especially with extensive colitis,moderate and severe disease,presence of extra intestinal manifestations,male gender and age of more than 40 years in Chinese Han in Hubei province.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the massive transfusion protocols (MTP) in abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.Methods An analysis was made on the clinical data of patients before and after the use of MTP,including the general condition,amount of blood transfusion,transfusion components and ratio,blood and coagulation function test,and blood transfusion related complications and mortality.Results Before implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 19.5U,FFBwas 12.6U,and the ratio ofRBC ∶ FFB was 1.55 ∶ 1.After implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 17.3 U,and the ratio of RBC:FFB was 1 ∶ 1.There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups about PT,APTT,Hb and PLT on admission.After 24 hours of admission,there was no significant difference in Hb between the two groups,there were significant differences of PT,APTT and PLT.Blood transfusion related complications were 11 (14.9％) in control group and 7 (11.9％) in MTP,group,and the mortality was 9.46％ and 6.78％ respectively.Conclusions MTP improves blood coagulation function,reduces blood transfusion and enhances survival rate of abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.

Objective To establish the fingerprints for analysis of Cortex Eucommiae by HPLC. Methods The column of Lichroshper C18(250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detective wavelength was 230 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results The fingerprint consisted of 11 common peaks. The mutual mode of HPLC fingerprints was set up and the similar degrees to the crude drugs from different habitats were compared by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of CMM (Version 2004A), and the range of similarity for ten balches of Cortex Eucommiae 0.574—0.958. The standard HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Eucommiae was established too. ConclusionThis method is accurate and reliable, and provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Cortex Eucommiae.

AIM: To choose the proper excipient for molding process of Tongluo Mini-Pill (Radix Astragali,Radix Augelicae sinensis,Flos longicerae Japonicae,etc) and couplet its production. METHODS: A variety of excipients properties such as fluidity,solubility and dissolution were compared to select and determine the processing parameters of rotary perlletizer. RESULTS: Recommendation was made applying processing parameters that 10% PEG_ 2000 ,10% PEG_ 2000 or 10% gum arabic used for excipient,pelletizer had a rotational velosity of 100 rpm.pressure of 0.04 Mpa and feeding rate of 1200 g?min -1 . CONCLUSION:Selection of excipients is a key to make Tonglu Mini-Pill.

Objective To establish analysis methods for fingerprint of Chuanxiong Rhizoma by HPLC. Methods Thermo C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used with methanol-0.1% Formic acid in gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was set at 323 nm, and the temperature was 25 ℃. The similarities of the 18 batches of samples were compared by similarity evaluation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results Based on the fingerprints of 18 batches of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 11 common peaks were identified, the similarities were almost greater than 0.9 among all batches. The samples were clustered into 3 categories. Conclusion The method is simple, steady and repeatable. It provides a basis for the quality control and evaluation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.

Both the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) have decreased in Hong Kong and Taiwan but not in mainland China. The goal of this study was to analyze trends in NPC patient survival between 1976 and 2005 in Sihui, an area of mainland China with a population at high risk for NPC. A total of 1,761 patients diagnosed with NPC between 1976 and 2005 according to the records of Sihui Cancer Registry were followed to the end of 2006. We determined their observed and relative survival rates and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to predict prognosis. Our results showed that the 5-year and 10-year observed survival rates of NPC patients in Sihui were 50.5% and 36.9%, respectively, and the median survival time was 5.1 years. The 5-year observed survival rate of NPC patients diagnosed after 2000 was 69.8%, significantly higher than that of patients diagnosed between 1976 and 1985 (42.5%; P < 0.001, relative risk = 0.28). Similarly, the 5-year relative survival rate was 84.8% between 2000 and 2005 but 51.8% between 1976 and 1985. Besides date of diagnosis, other prognostic factors included patient sex and age and NPC clinical stage and histologic type. The relative risks of death from NPC were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.90] for female comparing to male and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00-1.64) for WHO type I comparing to WHO types II and III. For the eldest age group and the latest clinical stage group, the relative risks were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.73-2.84) and 3.41 (95% CI: 2.34-4.49), respectively. Our results indicate that the survival of NPC patients in Sihui has significantly increased in recent years and this increase is not influenced by patient's sex, age, histologic type, and clinical stage. A reduction in mortality rate is expected in coming years.
Adult ; Carcinoma ; mortality ; pathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Rate ; trends

Objective To study the characteristics of Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification (CISS) in relation with migration to different climatic zones in autumn and winter.Methods Ninety-six subjects who travelled from northeast China,northwest China and north China to Hainan Province from September 2012 to February 2017 and were admitted to our hospital due to cerebral infarction occurred within 3 weeks after they arrived at Hainan were included in this study.Their demographic data,risk factors for cerebrovascular disease,laboratory blood test and imaging parameters were recorded.The patients were classified according to their medical history,auxiliary examination findings and CISS.The recorded data were statistically analyzed.Results CISS showed that penetrating artery disease,large artery atherosclerosis,cardiogenic stroke,and undetermined etiology accounted for 50.0％,38.5％,4.2％,7.3％ respectively.Hypertension (70.8 ％) and abnormal glucose metabolism (61.5％) were the major risk factors for cerebral in farction.Conclusion The incidence of penetrating artery disease is the highest,followed by that of large artery atherosclerosis in cerebral infarction patients.Alert to cerebral infarction should thus be stressed for those with hypertension and abnormal glucose metabolism who are going to travel in autumn and winter.

Objective:To observe the activation of cerebral regions during swallowing by magnetoencephalography (MEG), and discuss the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural circuit.Methods:Ten healthy subjects were selected, and the magnetic signals of their brains were recorded using 148 channel full head type MEG system in the magnetic shielding room.Data were analyzed using CURRY8 analysis software and the localization algorithm was based on minimum modulus low resolution electromagnetic imaging method (LORETA). Every 300 ms data were set as an independent analysis stage and made the highest position of the cerebral cortex F-distribution values (F-distributed) as the activation area.The activation areas were analyzed during swallowing through time and space location.Results:Paracentral lobule, anterior central gyrus, medulla oblata, posterior central gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, parietal lobules, angular gyrus, corpus callosum, middle frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, orbital gyrus, thalamus, bottom of third ventricle, corona radiata, precuneus, frontal insula, cerebellopontine angle, superior frontal gyrus and basal ganglia area were activated during swallowing, in which the top eight brain regions were paracentral lobule, anterior central gyrus, corpus callosum, posterior central gyrus, superior parietal lobule, middle frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and basal ganglia.When the 10 subjects performed the deglutition, MEG signals of 8 subjects were mainly activated by the left cerebral hemisphere at 0-300 ms, the bilateral cerebral hemisphere or intermediate region at 301-600 ms, and the right cerebral hemisphere at 601-900 ms.MEG signal of 1 subject was activated by the right cerebral hemisphere at 0-300 ms, and the left cerebral hemisphere at 301-600 ms and 601-900 ms.MEG signal of 1 subject was mainly activated by the right cerebral hemisphere at 0-300 ms and 601-900 ms, and in the intermediate region at 301-600 ms.Conclusion:During swallowing the MEG signals appeared left laterality in the early stage and right laterality in the later stage, and showed a close correlation with time.There may be a swallowing neural circuit composed by the central region, corpus callosum, superior parietal lobule, middle frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia, in which the central region is the core.

Objective:To investigate the nutritional risk and prevalence of malnutrition in patients with terminal stage gastrointestinal malignant tumors in a tertiary hospital in Changsha.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of inpatients from Departments of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Oncology in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was used to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk with malnutrition defined as concurrent presence of BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2, poor general condition and NRS 2002 nutritional impairment score of 3. Step 2 of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria (without whole body muscle mass) was adopted to diagnose malnutrition. Step 3 of GLIM criteria was used to evaluate the prevalence of severe malnutrition. Results:A total of 802 patients registered in the 4 departments were selected for screening via cluster sampling and 514 were enrolled according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with terminal stage gastrointestinal cancer was 49.8% (256/514). The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition per GLIM criteria were 41.6% (214/514) and 18.3% (94/514), respectively.Conclusions:Although nutritional support therapy is not recommended for patients with end-stage cancer. This paper suggests that the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with end-stage gastrointestinal cancer is not as high as described in some articles.