Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety of Aminophylline and Caffeine citrate in the treatment of preterm infants with primary apnea. Methods 130 preterm infants with primary apnea were chosen and randomly divided into both group including the Aminophylline group (65 children) with aminophylline and the Caffeine citrate group (65 children) with Caffeine citrate on the basis of conventional intervention; and the total oxygen inhalation time, mechanical ventilation time, hospitalization time, the complications incidence with follow-up and the levels of development quotient for short-term of both groups were compared. Results The total oxygen inhalation time, the mechanical ventilation time and the hospitalization time of Caffeine citrate group were significantly shorter than aminophylline group(P<0.05). The incidence of PDA, BPD and ROP of Caffeine citrate group were significantly lower than aminophylline group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, PVL and NEC between two groups. The development quotient levels in 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment of Caffeine citrate group were significantly higher than aminophylline group(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with Aminophylline, Caffeine citrate on the basis of conventional intervention in the treatment of preterm infants with primary apnea could efficiently shorten the oxygen inhalation time, the mechanical ventilation time and clinical disease course, reduce the related complications risk and be helpful to promote the intellectual development.

Objective To report 1 case of iatrogenic botulinum poisoning misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis,to discuss the clinical manifestation,distinguishing feature and prognosis of iatrogenic botulinum poisoning combined with literature.Methods We briefly introduced one patient with botulinum toxin poisoning misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis.A 26-year old female was admitted in June 2017 in Gaochun People's Hospital of Nanjing,who received two injections of botulinum toxin 500 U for a short period of time due to cosmetic needs,then she suffered from fatigue,chest distress,eyelid ptosis and other symptoms.The patient was once misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis,but the results of neostigmine test and repeated nerve stimulation examination were negative.After careful examination of the body (mandibular swelling) and repeated medical history requiring,the final diagnosis was clarified.After the treatment such as fluid infusion for 10 days,her discomforts were relieved.The literature was retrieved from "US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Pubmed) "," China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)" and "Wanfang Medicine Data China Information",a total of 17 articles were included in the analysis,including 30 effective cases.We analyzed the general characteristics,clinical manifestations and prognosis of botulinum toxin injection.Results Of the 30 cases,28 cases (96.7％) were female,2 cases (3.0％) were male,aged from 3 to 80 years old.Most of them were botulinum toxin type A,except 2 cases unknown.The clinical onset began from the injection day to 3 weeks after injection.The duration of the disease lasted from 10 days to 6 months.Most of the prognosis was good after treatment.Conclusion Careful attention should be paid to the serious reaction of botulinum toxin to ensure safe medication use.

Objective To understand the distribution of allergens in children with common allergic diseases in Guangzhou, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of environmental allergens in children with different allergic diseases. Methods This study enrolled a total of 6 869 children with allergic diseases, including wheezing diseases and asthma (1 013 cases), allergic rhinitis (660 cases), allergic conjunctivitis (422 cases), eczema (2 762 cases), atopic dermatitis (831 cases) and urticaria (1 181 cases). Western blotting was used to detect the serum allergen type E specific antibodies (sIgE) of the patients. The results were statistically analyzed. Results The total positive rate of sIgE in 6 869 children was 74.01%. The positive rate of male children (75.02%) was higher than that of female children (72.25%). The positive rate of inhalation allergens (53.47%) was higher than that of food allergens (57.39%). House dust mites and milk were the most common inhalation allergens and food allergens, respectively. Eczema was the most common allergic disease in infants and toddlers. Allergic rhinitis and urticaria were common in school-age children. Conclusion The main allergens causing allergic diseases in children in Guangzhou were dust mites and milk. Different allergic diseases had its specific allergens. It is necessary to take targeted prevention measures accordingly.