Objective To explore the application effect of interactive health education in insulin injections of aged patients with type 2 diabetes in the incipient stage of diagnosis and treatment. Methods 100 cases of aged patients with type 2 diabetes were hospitalized into endocrinology department from January 2014 to December 2014, the pen insulin injections were conducted for them at the beginning. They were equally divided into experimental group and control group through random number method. And, the general education guidance was conducted in control group. Meanwhile, the diabetes health education team was established in observation group on the basis of control group. Then, it was educated through the interactive lectures, interviews, teaching, repeated teaching, psychological intervention and individual assessment. Before and after education, the KAP survey of standard insulin injections were used for the patients in two groups to evaluate their degree of proficiency in the knowledge and skills about insulin injections, and the incidence of glucose metabolism level and low blood sugar. Results After intervention, the insulin injection skill in observation group was better than that of in the control group, (64.6%,31/48 vs. 24.5%, 12/149,χ2=16.441, P<0.01), while the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was reduced from (7.95±0.65)%to (6.58±0.62)%(t=7.85, P<0.01). Conclusions In the incipient stage of diagnosis and treatment, the ability of aged patients with type 2 diabetes in learning new knowledge and technology was improved through interactive health education mode. Besides, the insulin injections were standardized. Also, the glucose metabolism was improved, and the incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly reduced to ensure the patients′safety when the insulin was injected outside hospital, which was worth being clinically applied and promoted.

Objective To discuss the application effect of peer support education in improving theself-management ability of old patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 160 cases of old patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated and hospitalized from June 2014 to August 2015 were selected, then equally divided into observation group and control group through using random number method.Finally, 76 cases were studiedin observation group, while 75 cases in control group. The health education guidance of conventional diabetes had been used in two groups for six months, and the peer support education was also conducted for the patients in observation group on the basis of conventional education. The self-management ability, insulin standard injection knowledge-belief and attitude-behavior/practice (KAP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of old patients with diabetes were observed before intervention, 3 months and 6 months later, respectively. Also,the hypoglycemia frequency in two groups was compared during intervention. Results After three months of intervention, the score of diet, exercise management, glucose monitoring, foot care, pharmaceutical administration and smoke for self-management ability in observation group was 4.63 ± 0.92, 4.18 ± 0.97, 2.86 ± 0.96, 2.35 ± 0.59, 4.01 ± 1.43 and 0.62 ± 0.29, respectively, while that of these indicators in control group was 3.69 ± 0.83, 3.52 ± 0.67, 1.75 ± 0.67, 1.63 ± 0.72, 3.05 ± 1.39 and 0.59 ± 0.38. Except smoke (P > 0.05), the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=2.987-5.965, P < 0.05). After six months of intervention, the score of diet, exercise management, glucose monitoring, foot care, pharmaceutical administration and smoke for self-management ability in observation group was 5.86±0.93, 5.37±0.61, 3.97±0.94, 5.06±0.92, 5.81±0.73 and 0.89 ± 0.31, respectively, while that of these indicators in control group was 3.68 ± 0.96, 3.65 ± 0.95, 1.86 ± 0.88, 2.65±0.88, 3.21±1.13 and 0.81±0.39. The difference was statistically significant (t=9.336-15.633, P<0.01), except smoke (P>0.05). Then, the insulin was normally injected in observation group after six months of intervention, the score of knowledge, attitude and behavior was 5.63 ± 1.87, 43.17 ± 6.03 and 16.57 ± 1.59, while that in control group was 3.76 ± 0.83, 23.71 ± 0.59 and 10.16 ± 0.95. The differences between two groups were statistically significant (t= 8.569, 15.623, 6.751, P<0.01). Also, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was decreased from (8.17 ± 0.32) % to (7.16 ± 0.41) %, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.560, P=0.000). Conclusions Peer support education couldenhance the self-management consciousness of old patients with diabetes, standardize the insulin injection, improve the ability of self-management and improve glucose metabolism index so that it is worthy of being clinically popularized and applied.

Objective:To investigate the latent classes and influencing factors of vicarious posttraumatic growth among emergency nurses.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select the 498 emergency nurses of 20 public general hospitals in Anhui province as the survey objects. The general information questionnaire and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were used to investigate. Latent class analysis was used to classify vicarious posttraumatic growth of emergency nurses, and the influencing factors of latent classes were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:There were two latent classes of vicarious posttraumatic growth of emergency nurses including high growth-high fluctuation group (24.1%, 120/498) and low growth group (75.9%, 378/498). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that professional title, average monthly income and self-rated health status were the factors influencing the latent classes (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are obvious classification characteristics of vicarious posttraumatic growth among emergency nurses. Nursing managers should formulate and implement targeted intervention measures according to the classification characteristics and influencing factors to improve their vicarious posttraumatic growth level.

Objective:To summarize the relevant evidence of environmental management for preventing delirium in ICU patients, so as to provide references for delirium management in ICU patients.Methods:Evidence-based questions were constructed according to the PIPOST model, and relevant clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews and evidence summaries published by various guideline websites, evidence-based databases and comprehensive databases at home and abroad were systematically searched according to the evidence resource "6S" model. The search period was from the establishment of databases to September 3, 2022. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation using corresponding literature quality evaluation tools. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence Pre-grading and Evidence Recommendation Grading System (2014 Edition) was used to grade and recommend included evidence.Results:A total of 30 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 2 expert consensus, 1 clinical recommended practice, 4 evidence summaries and 18 systematic reviews. A total of 36 best evidences were summarized from 5 aspects, including environment optimization, sleep promotion, cognitive stimulation, positioning and orientation function, and safety protection.Conclusions:Medical staff should manage the ICU environment based on evidence-based evidence to prevent or reduce the occurrence of delirium in patients.

Objective:To explore the current status of vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) among emergency nurses, and analyze its influencing factors and pathways of action.Methods:From March to May 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 532 emergency nurses from 20 public general hospitals in Anhui Province as the research subject. A survey was conducted on emergency nurses using the General Information Questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. AMOS 24.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model and analyze the path relationships between variables.Results:A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed, and 480 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 90.23% (480/532). The score of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for 480 emergency nurses was (49.35±15.82). Empathy, psychological resilience, and perceived social support all had a positive impact on VPTG, with total effect values of 0.503, 0.261, and 0.163, respectively. Empathy directly or indirectly affected VPTG through perceived social support and psychological resilience. Perceived social support indirectly affected VPTG through psychological resilience, and psychological resilience directly affected VPTG.Conclusions:VPTG of emergency nurses is directly and/or indirectly positively influenced by empathy, psychological resilience, and perceived social support. Nursing managers should pay attention to the interaction between factors, take effective measures based on the association between factors, and promote the positive transformation of emergency nurses after trauma.