The male sex worker(MSW)is a special population group who gain money or other material recompenses by offering sex service to male or female clients.Differing from the general population,they have specific demographic and AIDS-related characteristics Their risk behaviors have resulted in high prevalence rate of HIV and other sex transmitted infection among them,and meanwhile have induced them to engage in sex service.

Objective To identify subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)strains from the AIDS patients in Shenzhen and determine whether the HIV-1 subtypes differ in disease progression.Methods HIV-1 env gene was amplified by the nest-RT-PCR from plasma obtained from 26 patients with AIDS in Shenzhen. The C2-V3 regions were sequenced to identify subtypes The plasma viral loads and CD4T lymphocyte were measured as the same time.Results Phylogenetic trees showed that the 12 AIDS patients had subtype B in which, one was close with the U.S reference strain and 11 with the Chinese Yunnan reference strain;13 AIDS patients had subtype CRF01-AE from Thailand;There were no differences in the CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-RNA levels between individuals infected with subtypes B and CRF01-AE.Conclusion Our study indicated that HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01-AE strains were present in AIDS patients in Shenzhen. There was no evidence that the subtypes of virus could determine disease progression.

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with the false HIV screening test results in RA.Methods Subjects who attended the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic -Internal Medicine Unit of Guanghua Integrative Hospital , from October 2013 to October 2014, who met the American College of Rheumatology /European League Against Rheumatism Criteria for RA were recruited for the study . 100 subjects with RA were recruited.Each patient underwent clinical examination and blood sampling for assessment of serum HIV screening test and Rheumatoid factors ( RF-IgA, -IgG, -IgM) and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP) were purified from the plasma and detected by ELISA , Samples were collected and processed using standard protocols and were stored in the same freezer before analysis . RA patients were divided into two groups based on the titters of RF and anti -CCP:RF <18 U/ml/anti-CCP <25 U/ml group and RF >300 U/ml /anti-CCP >500 U/ml group.HIV screening tests were determined by three methods: ELISA、Immuno-colloidal Golden Method and ECLIA.The positive results were confirmed by the Changning Centers for Disease Control , Shanghai through western -blotting test.Results 100 samples detected by ELISA and Immuno-colloidal Golden Method were given negative results , 16 positive results existed in ECLIA group.There were1,12,3 positive cases in RF-IgM <18 U/ml, RF-IgM and RF-IgG >300 U/ml group(2.7%,32.4%,13.6%;P <0.01).In anti-CCP <25 RU/ml and >500 RU/ml groups there were 2 and 4 positive results(4.7%,24.6%;P <0.01).Conclusions Different HIV screening test methods would give different results , according to operation requirement using second method to determine the HIV screening result.HIV False-positivity was associated with the titers of anti -CCP and RF in RA.

Objective:To investigate the impact of self-concealment,self-disclosure,coping style and per- ceived social support on university students'loneliness.Methods:Loneliness and related factors were assessed among 482 university students using scales including UCLA Loneliness Scale,Self-concealment Scale(SCS),Self-disclosure Index(SDI),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Results: The level of university students'loneliness was not high(36.5?7.4);males experienced more loneliness than fe- males(37.4?7.5/35.4?7.3,F=8.25,P0.05). Regression analysis showed that SCS,SCSQ and PSSS predicted UCLA effectively(?=0.207,-0.218,0.157, -0.380).The testing of mediating effect indicated that SCS had direct and indirect impact on UCLA through nega- tive coping style and PSSS;SDI had only indirect impact on UCLA through positive coping style and PSSS.Conclusion:SCS,SDI,SCSQ and PSSS are important factors influencing UCLA,and the intervention of univer- sity students'loneliness should focus on these variables.

Objective To investigate the distribution and transmission characteristics of vancomycin -resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) carrying both vanA and vanM in the intensive care unit.Methods VREF strains were isolated from patients in the intensive care unit of Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University in Shanghai from 2013 to 2017.Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the VREF strains to nine antibiotics , including vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and chloromycetin , were tested by broth microdilution method.Multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for van genotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for homology analysis.Results Thirty-five strains were mainly isolated from urine (16 strains), blood (11 strains), feces ( five strains ), bile ( two strains ) and pleural effusion ( one strain ).All the strains (100.00%) were resistant to vancomycin , ampicillin and levofloxacin , but only 40.00% were resistant to teicoplanin.All the strains were sensitive to linezolid.The results of van genotyping showed that 33 (94.3%) strains belonged to vanA and vanM dual genotype VREF, and the other two were vanA type VREF.PFGE results showed that 35 strains could be divided into 14 PFGE patterns, and seven out of 10 strains isolated in 2014 were identical and the other three belonged to three different PFGE patterns.Conclusions A dual genotype VREF carrying both vanA and vanM has been emerging and spreading in the intensive care unit of Jinshan Hospital , Fudan University in Shanghai.

Objective To explore the influence of nursing intervention on compliance to treatment and quality of life of patients with AIDS received antiretroviral treatment.Method We selected 120 AIDS patients received antiretroviral treatment in the outpatient of our hospital,and they were divided into observation group and control group according to the odd-even number principle,each group contained 60 cases.For the observation group,continuous nursing intervention was implemented,and the routine nursing care was given for the control group.After six months,the compliance to treatment and quality of life was compared between pre-and post-treatment.Result After the nursing intervention treatment,the compliance and quality of life were significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and significant difference were observed.Conclusion For AIDS patients who received antiretroviral treatment,continuous nursing intervention could contribute to improvement of the compliance to treatment and quality of life,which had great significance for clinical application.

Objective To analyze clinical and laboratory features, viral load and viral shedding period of patients with mild or severe H1N1 influenza A infection. Methods Seventy mild cases and 16 severe cases with concurrent pneumonia were included from Shcnzhen area for analysis.Nasopharyngeal-swab specimens of patients were collected and viral load was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay during their hospitalization. The viral load and viral shedding period were compared between patients over 14 years old and less than 14 years old, and between 70 mild cases without pneumonia and 16 severe cases with pneumonia. The statistic analysis was performed using t test and chi square test. Results The most common symptoms and signs of the patients were fever, cough and enlargement of tonsils. However, the severe cases suffered more frequently from cough, dyspnea and high fever compared with the mild cases (x2 = 10. 9 and 14.3, respectively, t=3.65; both P＜0.01 ). The levels of white blood cell (WBC) count and alanine arninotransferase (ALT) of severe patients were both significantly higher than those of mild patients(t= 3.2, 2.4,respectively; both P＜0.05). The chest radiology of the severe cases showed interstitial pneumonia,mostly with ground glass image. The viral load of patients under 14 years was significantly higher than those over 14 years [(4.86± 1.23) lg vs (4. 17±0.89) lg; t=2.3, P＜0.05], and the viral shedding period of patients under 14 years was significantly longer than those over 14 years [(5.33±0. 49) d vs(3. 63±0.28) d; t=3.4, P＜0.01]. The severe patients also displayed significantly higher viral load and prolonged viral shedding period than the mild patients [(6. 36±1. 44) lg vs (4. 35±0.99) lg, t=6.1,P＜0.01; (5.75±1.77) d vs (4. 24±1. 96) d, t=3.2, P＜0.01]. Conclusion Age anddisease severity of patients with H1N1 influenza A infection are significantly associated with viral load and viral shedding period.

Objective: To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of serum suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) and associated cytokines in HIV/TB co-infected patients. Methods: The serum levels of SOCS3, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-22 were quantified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 50 HIV-infected patients, 48 HIV/TB co-infected patients and 50 healthy donors. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between SOCS3 and other seven cytokines. Results: Serum levels of SOCS3 expression in HIV/TB co-infection group were significantly higher than those in HIV-infection alone and the control group. There was also significant correlation between SOCS3 and IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 in HIV/TB co-infection group. Conclusions These findings indicated that SOCS3 may play an important role in the immune response of patients with HIV/TB co-infection and it may be helpful in the diagnosis of HIV/TB co-infection.

Objective To compare the performance of Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) and minimental state examination scale (MMSE) in screening HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).Methods A case-control study of 127 HIV + and 60 HIV-individuals.All the subjects' cognitive functions were assessed using MoCA and MMSE separately.Results Mean MoCA score in cases was 26.28 ± 2.43 compared to 27.33 ± 1.30 in controls (P ＜ 0.01).Mean MMSE score in cases was 27.45 ± 1.31 compared to 27.70 ±0.89 in controls (P =0.139).Using the MoCA screening revealed 43 (33.9％) cases had HAND compared with 6 (6.7 ％) controls (x2 =16.01,P ＜ 0.001).Using MMSE,6 (4.7％) cases and 1(1.7％) control had HAND (P=0.124).Conclusion The MoCA scale is more sensitive in deteting HAND than MMSE and is suited for the early cognitive screening of HIV patients in clinic.

Objective:To understand the attitudes and behaviors status of injury prevention among urban residents' injury prevention in Changsha City and to provide evidence for urban residents' injury prevention.Methods:A stratified random sampling was conducted to extract 504 residents from 8 communities in 2 urban districts of Changsha City. The questionnaires were distributed on-site, and 420 valid questionnaires were got.Results:The attitudes and behavioral scores of urban residents' injury prevention were 43.35±14.29 and 38.92±3.75, while the agreement rate regarding injury prevention attitudes was 76.63% and the compliance rate of injury prevention behaviors was 43.10%. The scores of injury prevention behaviors among urban residents with different ages, family annual income, exercise frequency, and frequency of injuries were different ( F values were 2.815, 4.740, 4.153, P<0.05). There were differences in the scores of injury prevention attitudes among the residents of different ages, education background, and frequency of injuries ( F values were 3.030-8.162, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion:The residents ′ attitude towards injury prevention was positive and the compliance rate of injury prevention behavior among urban residents in Changsha is low. Both injury prevention attitudes and behaviors differed in the residents with different backgrounds.