OBJECTIVE To know the disinfection and sterilization work quality in some hospitals, and to improve nosocomial disinfection and infection control management. METHODS Field selective examination and laboratory examination methods were used to carry out survey. RESULTS The eligible rate of indoor air was the lowest during three years in two provinces. The eligible rate of endoscope disinfection efficacy and ultraviolet radiation intensity was low. The eligible rate of autoclaving quality and oral instruments was more than 80% in the last two years. The eligible rate of sterile medical devices was over 90% in the last three years. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that nosocomial infection incidence rate be decreased by improving disinfectant environment, adding disinfectant equipments or medical treatment instruments and enhancing doctors′ and nurses′ washing hands awareness.

OBJECTIVE To monitor the sterilization effect of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer with process challenge derice(PCD).METHODS Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer was used to sterilize different material and structure items in simulation field sterilization trial.The test pieces have been cultured for 7 days at 37 ℃.Make the test records in detail.RESULTS The hemostatic forceps,surface of lines and biological indicators,as well as 300 mm stainless steels tube and 2000 mm Teflon tube were sterilized successful.But 600 mm and 300 mm stainless steels of low temperature did not past the challenge tests.The results of test surface and test lumen were inconsistent.CONCLUSIONS PCD is need to be introduced in monitoring sterilization effect of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer.

Apoptosis play an important role in the process of secondary spinal cord injury(SCI). Bcl-2 is a multigene family, which have fifteen members. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can inhibit apoptosis, but Bax, Bad, Bak, and Bcl-xS can promote apoptosis. Bcl-2 and Bax is the most representative gene in Bcl-2 gene family, Bcl-2/Bax determine cells whether goes to die. In this paper, we reviewed the latest developments in Bcl-2/Bax adjustment for SCI.

Objective To investigate the status of microbial contamination in domestic washing machines,and pro-vide basis for strengthening hygiene and health management.Methods On-the-spot sampling,laboratory microbial detection,and questionnaire survey were performed to investigate and analyze the hygiene treatment and microbial contamination of domestic washing machines of Beijing residents.Results Source water of 115 washing machines were collected,no bacteria were detected.The total number of bacteria and fungi in washing water from 115 washing machines was 0-135 000 CFU/mL (13 206 CFU/mL on average)and 0-690 CFU/mL (229 CFU/mL on average) respectively.There was significant difference in bacterial colony forming unit in washing water from washing ma-chines of different length of service (P <0.05).15 specimens of washing water from 15 washing machines were per-formed bacteriological detection,17 kinds of bacteria were detected,most of which were opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.The major detected bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (66.67%),followed by Staphylococcus aureus (60.00%)and Escherichia coli (53.33%).Survey showed that 32.17% of residents reflected the washing ma-chines had peculiar smell and mildew spots,48.69% of users chose to open the covers for ventilation,38.26%adopted local wiping and cleaning of filter bags,only 10.43% chose to soak with disinfectant,while 24.35% didn’t know how to deal with.Conclusion Microbial contamination of domestic washing machines is serious,improper use and maintenance of washing machine is not conducive to health.

Spinal cord compression injury (SCCI) is common in orthopedics manifested as system dysfunction, and even Results in disability and death. This article would review the recent researches for SCCI.

Objective To investigate the effects of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids on proliferation and autophagy of human lung cancer cells. Methods The lung cancer cells A549 were treated with stearic acid (saturated fatty acid) and doconexent (DHA, unsaturated fatty acid), respectively, in concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240μmol/L. MTT test and cell clone formation assay were performed to detect the proliferation of A549 cells. The morphology of A549 autophagy was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after A549 cells were treated with stearic acid or DHA for 24 hours. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related protein after A549 cells were treated with stearic acid or DHA for 12, 24 and 36 hours, respectively. Results 30-240μmol/L stearic acid or DHA both inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells (P<0.05). Both stearic acid and DHA induced autophagy of A549 cells, meanwhile, down-regulated Phospho-mTOR (ser2481) and up-regulated LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ of A549 cells (P<0.05). Conclusions Both saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid can inhibit the proliferation and induce autophagy of lung cancer cells. The mechanisms of autophagy may be related to Phospho-mTOR (ser2481) signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Female hypertension has its own epidemicologic character and the chief interventions on it are various.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of female hypertension and observe the effects on rehabilitative and preventive intervention in demonstrative community for comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou.DESIGN: Group randomization was designed. The samples of certain percentage were randomized according to total population from each village of 13 administrative areas.SETTING: Guizhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Renmin Hospital of Yunyan District in Guiyang, Guizhou Clinical Examination Center.PARTICIPANTS: Since 1996, a series of comprehensive prevention and treatment had been carried in the communities for cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou, involved 13 administrative areas and 112 villagecitizen groups, in which, 26 604 people were employed, living in the regions between town and country. Social natural condition and life behavior of majority citizen reflected the common state of people in town and country. Totally 3 934 people aged over 15 years were investigated in the communities, and were all in the known of investigation. The samples without complete data were excluded.METHODS: ① Base-line investigation was carried on for the groups over 15 years old according to the requirement for administrative region designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from April 1st 2001 to May 15th . ② Health education and health promotion activity were carried on for the included groups. ③ Survey after intervention was given for females according to the survey items designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from July 2002to June 2003. ④ Normal body-mass index (BMI) was 18.5-23.9 kg/m2,overweight was indicated if BMI was 24-27.9 kg/m2 and obesity was diagnosed if BMI ≥28 kg/m2. ⑤ Analysis was applied on comparison of BMI,waist to hip ratio (WHR), average blood pressure, the rates of incidence,awareness and treatment of hypertension and rate of high-salty and lipid diet. ⑥ t test was adopted for comparison of means between two samples and x2 test was used for rate comparison.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension for females of different ages in community base-line investigation in Guizhou. ② Comparison of BMI, WHR and BP of females of various ages in baseline investigation.③ Comparison of incident rate of hypertension for females with various BMI in baseline investigation. ④ Comparison of BMI, WHR, BP, smoke, alcohol, rate of high-salty and lipid diet, the rates of incidence, awareness,treatment and control of hypertension for females between baseline investigation and post-intervention survey.RESULTS: In baseline investigation, 6 361 correct and complete forms were collected, with 99.84% qualified rate, of which, there were 3 934females. 1 141 data were qualified after intervention. It was indicated in community baseline investigation: ① Rates of incidence, awareness and treatment of hypertension for females were improved with increased age (P ＜ 0.05), and the control rate was decreased with increased age (P ＜ 0.05). ② BMI, WHR, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and PP (pulse pressure) were improved significantly with in creased age (P ＜ 0.01). BMI for females was increased with ages, but was declined with age ≥60 years. ③ The incident rates of hypertension for groups of normal body mass, overweight and obesity were 15.05%, 23.87% and 39.37% successively, indicating that the hypertension inci dent rate was increased significantly with improved BMI (paired compari son, P ＜ 0.05). Comparison between post-intervention survey and base-line investigation: ① In the comparison, the results of BMI, WHR and BP means were reduced for most cases at same age and significant difference was displayed in majority (P ＜ 0.05). ② After intervention, smoke rate of females was increased significantly and rate of high-salty and lipid diet was decreased (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Incident rate after health intervention was decreased significantly compared with that before intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were enhanced significantly (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ① The rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of female hypertension are different in ages in community of Guizhou. ② The severity of risk factor of female hypertension is enhanced with increased age in community of Guizhou. ③ The increased body mass is the important factor of incident rate of hypertension. ④ Health education probably decreases the severity of risk factor of hypertension and increases the rates of awareness, treatment and control.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and feasibility of catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase for acute limb ischemia. Methods The clinical data of a total of 21 patients with acute limb ischemia, who were treated with infusion of urokinase through UniFuse thrombolytic catheter, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical curative efficacy, prognosis and complications of catheter - directed thrombolysis (CDT) were summarized. Results In all patients, thrombolysis therapy was effective, the clinical symptoms were alleviated, and successful limb salvage was achieved. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage due to renal decompensation. No other serious complications such as hemorrhage, hematoma or disability occurred. Conclusion Preliminary clinical study shows that CDT with urokinase is effective and safe for the treatment of acute limb ischemia. This therapy can help reduce unnecessary surgical procedures or stent implantation, and the risk of thrombolysis is controllable. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27: 262-265)

Objective:To improve the understanding of indolent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).Methods:The data of a patient with indolent leukemic MCL in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in May 2013 were collected. The cell morphology was analyzed by using cell smear, the flow cytometry was used to make immunophenotype analysis, the karyotype analysis was performed by usig cytogenetic technique, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to make the immunoglobulin gene analysis. At the same time, lymph node pathology and immunohistochemistry were also analyzed. The related articles published were reviewed to sum up the characteristics and the treatment of indolent MCL.Results:The male patient aged 60 years was obviously asymptomatic accompanied with slow disease progression, leukemic manifestation and without lymphadenopathy. He received pathological biopsy because of located lymphadenopathy in 2008. Small cell morphology, Kappa light chain immunophenotype, t(11;14) translocation showed after the cytogenetic examination, clonal immune globulin gene rearrangement and low Ki-67 positive index were identified. In situ MCL was diagnosed by retrospective pathology.Conclusions:Indolent MCL is extremely rare. It is typically asymptomatic with none or minimal nodal involvement, indolent disease course, leukemic phase with mild lymphocytosis, Kappa light chain expression, simple karyotype, classical or small cell morphology of tumor cells and the positive index of Ki-67 <10%. In situ MCL can be seen in pathology examination. IgVH gene mutation positive and SOX11 negative expression are notable in indolent MCL. International prognostic index of MCL is probably not appropriate in the prognostic analysis of leukemic indolent MCL. It is emphasized that initial observation and having therapies only after the disease progression can be suited for indolent MCL.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating control strategies of food poisoning. Methods The data of food poisoning events in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2018 was analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 182 reported food poisoning events, resulting in 1786 cases and 3 death. The incidence of food poisoning events had a seasonal peak during May to September, and a total of 119 reported food poisoning events (65.39%, 119/182) occurred in that period of time with 1156 cases (64.73%, 1156/1786). There were 77 food poisoning events (42.31%) occurring in collective canteens with 927 cases (51.91%), making them the most frequent locations for food poisoning. The main pathogenic factors were bacteria, poisonous plants and chemicals. Incidents of bacterial food poisoning were mainly caused by Vibro parahemolyticus (51.73%, 60/116), Salmonella (26.73%, 30/116), and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (11.21%, 13/116), etc. Hyacinth bean toxin and mushroom were responsible for 33.33% of the incidents caused by poisonous plants. Incidents of chemical food poisoning were mainly caused by nitrite (8.33%). Conclusion The prevention and control of food poisoning in Shenzhen should be focused on reducing bacterial food poisoning such as Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and supervision of food safety of catering units and collective canteens should be strengthened. Additionally, health education on prevention and control of food poisoning should be targeted at the high-risk population to reduce the risk of food poisoning.